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history

1. 12.1 Tang and Song China During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experiences an era of prosperity and technological innovation

2. Chinese inventions

3. The Tang Dynasty Expands China Brief Reign of the Sui Dynasty Sui Dynasty , established by Wendi, lasts from 581 to 618 . Main accomplishment: completing the Grand Canal , which expands trade. This water way connected the Haung He and Chang Jiang . The canal provided a vital route for trade between the Northen cities and Southern cities rice producing region of Chang Delta Peasants were Forced into labor, some died during the projects high taxes, lead to revolt; Sui emperor is assassinated in 618.

4. Thousand more died rebuilding the Great wall The endless labor on state projects turned people against Sui Dynasty

5. Tang ruler create a powerful Empire Tang Rulers Create a Powerful Empire as Sui Dynasty built a strong foundation for the great achievements of the next dynasty Tang Dynasty (618-907) begun by brilliant emperor Tang Taizong. Tang ruled for 300 years

6. Under Tang, the empire expanded His army reconquered the Northern and Western land s that China had lost since the decline of the Han Dynasty By 668 China had expanded its influence over Korea as well The ruler during the campaign was Wu Zhao(Woo-jow)

7. Wu Zhao—only women in China to assume title of emperor in 690 Tang rulers expand and unify the empire, and strengthen the government.

8. Scholar-Officials Tang rulers revive civil service examination system. Theoretically, exams are open to all men, even commoners. Practically, only rich can afford necessary education to take exam. Growth of bureaucracy cuts power of nobles.

9. The Tang Lose Power Tang rulers increase taxes in mid-700s, causing hardship. Attacks on empire increase; in 907 the last Tang emperor is killed.

10. Song Dynasty Restores China Turmoil Followed by Strong Rule In 960, Taizu reunites China, and proclaims Song Dynasty (960-1279). Song rulers unable to recapture lands lost in the west and north. In 1100s, Jurchen people arise in Manchuria and set up their own empire. In 1127, Song rulers are forced south; build new capital at Hangzhou. Southern Song empire lasts from 1127 to 1279.

11. An Era of Prosperity and Innovation Growth Population doubles during Tang and Song Dynasties to 100 million. China becomes the most populous country in the world.

12. Science and technology Chinese invent gunpowder, porcelain , mechanical clock, paper money . Movavable type—blocks of individual characters—makes printing easier. In mathematics, Chinese develop the use of negative numbers.

13. Su Song’s Astronomical Clock

14. An era of prosperity and innovation Agriculture Advances in farming contribute to population growth. Main advance: new strain of rice that produces two crops a year ( Champa rice ).

15. Trade and Foreign Contacts In early Tang period, trade with the west was over the Silk Road. During Tang decline, Chinese depend more on ocean trade routes. Trade stretches from Japan to Southeast Asia, India, Africa. Trade helps Buddhism spread.

16. A Golden Age of Poetry and Art Tang period produces great poetry, including works by Li Bo, and Tu Fu. Song period known for brilliant painting.

17. Changes in Chinese Society Levels of Society Power of noble families fades. Wealthy scholar-officials form new upper class, called the gentry. Urban middle class below gentry in social structure

18. The Status of Women Status of women always lower than men in China. The status falls even lower during Tang and Song periods. Foot binding of upper-class girls becomes a new custom.