Chromatography Presentation Miss Madhavi Sen

Chromatography

1. Chromatography Madhavi Sen BSc Nursing, 2nd Year

2. Introduction to Chromatography Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The different constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate.

3. Types of Chromatography 1. **Paper Chromatography:** Uses a strip of paper as the stationary phase. 2. **Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC):** Uses a thin layer of adsorbent material as the stationary phase. 3. **Column Chromatography:** Uses a column filled with adsorbent material as the stationary phase. 4. **Gas Chromatography (GC):** The mobile phase is a gas, and the stationary phase is a liquid or solid. 5. **Liquid Chromatography (LC):** The mobile phase is a liquid, and the stationary phase can be either solid or liquid.

4. Paper Chromatography Paper chromatography involves spotting the sample on a strip of paper and allowing a solvent to travel up the paper by capillary action. As the solvent moves, it separates the components of the mixture based on their solubility.

5. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) In TLC, a thin layer of adsorbent material (like silica gel) is coated onto a glass plate. The sample is applied to the plate, and the solvent moves up the plate, separating the components based on their interactions with the stationary phase.

6. Column Chromatography In column chromatography, the mixture is loaded onto a column packed with adsorbent material. The mobile phase (solvent) is passed through the column, carrying different components at different rates, leading to separation.

7. Gas Chromatography (GC) Gas chromatography involves a gas mobile phase passing through a column containing a stationary phase (liquid or solid). It is commonly used for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.

8. Liquid Chromatography (LC) Liquid chromatography uses a liquid mobile phase to carry the sample through a column or across a flat surface. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a commonly used form that allows for highly efficient separations.

9. Summary Chromatography is a versatile technique used to separate components of a mixture. It has various forms, including paper, thin layer, column, gas, and liquid chromatography, each with specific applications.