Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

1. Understanding Lung Disease

2. What is COPD? A set of lung diseases that limit air flow and is not fully reversible . COPD patients report they are “hungry” for air Usually progressive and is associated with inflammation of the lungs as they respond to noxious particles or gases Potentially preventable with proper precautions and avoidance of precipitating factors Symptomatic treatment is available

3. In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following : The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality. The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed. The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed. T he airways make more mucus than usual, which tends to clog them.

4. Two Major Causes of COPD Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by Chronic inflammation and excess mucus production Presence of chronic productive cough Emphysema is characterized by Damage to the small, sac-like units of the lung that deliver oxygen into the lung and remove the carbon dioxide Chronic cough

5. What Are the Symptoms?

6. Primary Symptoms Chronic Bronchitis Chronic cough Shortness of breath Increased mucus Frequent clearing of throat Emphysema Chronic cough Shortness of breath Limited activity level

7. Normal versus Diseased Bronchi

8. Emphysema

9. Smoking Most common cause, however, as many of 1 out of 6 people with COPD never smoked Environmental exposure Chemicals, dusts, fumes Secondhand smoke, pollutants Genetic Factor Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency

10. What can cause COPD? Smoking is the primary risk factor Long-term smoking is responsible for 80-90 % of cases Smoker, compared to non-smoker, is 10 times more likely to die of COPD Prolonged exposures to harmful particles and gases from: Second-hand smoke, Industrial smoke, Chemical gases, vapors, mists & fumes Dusts from grains, minerals & other materials

11. Difference between COPD and Asthma In COPD there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways, is therefore limited. In asthma there is inflammation in the airways which makes the muscles in the airways constrict. This causes the airways to narrow. The symptoms tend to come and go, and vary in severity from time to time. Treatment to reduce inflammation and to open up the airways usually works well. COPD is more likely than asthma to cause a chronic (ongoing) cough with sputum.

12. Cont’d Night time waking with breathlessness or wheeze is common in asthma and uncommon in COPD. COPD is rare before the age of 35 whilst asthma is common in under-35.

13. Ways to prevent or slow the progression of COPD Stop smoking , if you smoke, to prevent further damage to your body Smoking cessation is critical for all severities of COPD Avoid or protect yourself from exposures to Second-hand smoke and Other substances such as chemical vapors, fumes, mists, dusts, and diesel exhaust fumes that irritate your lungs

14. How is COPD Treated? COPD can be managed , but not cured Treatment is different for each individual and is based on severity of the symptoms Early diagnosis and treatment can Slow progress of the disease Relieve symptoms Improve an individual’s ability to stay active Prevent and treat complications Improve quality of life

15. When should you see your doctor? If smoker, see doctor for baseline evaluation of your lungs When first experiencing shortness of breath or having other lung symptoms When your symptoms get worse Seek emergency medical treatment if: Breathing suddenly becomes more difficult If diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, emphysema or COPD, see doctor 1-2 times yearly to review your treatment plan

16. Questions?