Cibernética y Neurocienciaaaaa Final.pptx

Neurociencia

1. Neuroscience and cybernetics

2. Contents 1. Introduction 2. What are neurons ? 3. Authors and their contributions 4. Neuroscience 5. Cerebral hemispheres 6. Frequency waves and synapses 7. Synapses 8. Definition of cybernetics 9. Origin of cybernetics 10. Founder of cybernetics 11. Feedback theory 12. Approaches to cybernetics 13. DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY CYBERNETICS 14. Activities

3. Introduction What is Neuroscience ? What is Cybernetics ? Do you know any example of cybernetics? Do you know any example of neuroscience?

4. Introduction Neuroscience is the set of scientific disciplines that study the structure and function of the brain, with the objective of knowing how the nervous system works, considering several elements that interact as the basis of behavior and knowledge. Within the brain system there are small switches called neurons that serve as electrical impulses to communicate and transmit information to each other.

5. What are neurons ? Neurons are the main cells that form the central and peripheral nervous system of all living beings. They are made up of three parts: nucleus, dendrites and axon, which are separated by small spaces ranging from 20 to 40 nanometers. SOMA Dendrites Axon

6. Authors and their contributions . Santiago Ramón y Cajal Micro structure of the Brain. António Damásio Bases Neurológicas Brenda Milner Clinical neuropsychology Joe Dispenza Neuroscientific communicator

7. Santiago Ramón y Cajal Ramón y Cajal described how information flowed through the brain. Neurons are individual units that communicate with each other in a directional manner through the space between them. Ramón y Cajal pointed out how it moves throughout the body, allowing humans to do things like vomit and cough.

8. António Damásio He mentions feelings as an essential point between ethics and neurobiology in which human welfare can be counted on. Field of interest in the neurological basis of the mind, especially as it relates to the neural systems of memory, language, emotion and decision processing. Emotions and neurology Consciousness emerges evolutionarily as the final state of the binding process of the central system in which several states of unification can be distinguished such as the state of sensitive unification, central consciousness and extended consciousness. Neurological basis Contributions to neuroscience

9. Brenda Milner Experiment It was here that he carried out one of his best known works with a patient. He was a young man who had suffered severe epileptic seizures since the age of 10. He agreed to undergo experimental surgery in which parts of the temporal lobes on both sides of his brain had been removed. This proved successful in reducing epileptic seizures, but had left him with a type of amnesia that prevented him from storing new memories in long-term memory. It helped to understand the role of the frontal lobes of the brain in memory processing and information organization and how they interfere in a basic way with emotional responses, speech and hearing. It also demonstrated the critical role of dorsolateral frontal cortex in the temporal organization of memory and how damage to different brain regions affects these and other psychological abilities.

10. Joe Dispenza His field of interest is generated by studies in neurology, neurophysiology, brain functions, aging and longevity, he became a teacher of spiritual enlightenment and linked science and spirit. It mentions the brain as a source of power for decision making, how it controls inner power and how it is possible to transmit that power to other people. Contributions to neuroscience Neurological interests

11. Neuroscience The science that deals with the nervous system or each of its specialized aspects and functions . - The Royal Spanish Academy of Language The goal of neuroscience is to understand how the nervous system works to produce and regulate emotions, thoughts, behaviors and basic bodily functions, including breathing and maintaining the heartbeat. Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system . The nervous system is composed of the brain , spinal cord and networks of sensory or motor nerve cells , called neurons , throughout the body .

12. Cerebral hemispheres Right Left The right hemisphere is responsible for controlling the left side of the body and the left hemisphere is responsible for controlling the right side of the body . Each hemisphere is composed of 4 cerebral lobes: Frontal Parietal - Temporal - Occipital.

13. Cerebral lobes Miscellaneous structures : Hypothalamus Hippocampus Olfactory bulb Cognition Memory Motivation Emotions NeurochemicalsHormones Alzheimer's Schizophrenia

14. Frequency waves and synapses Neurons communicate with each other through small electrical impulses that can be measured. We call these brain waves. These waves have different types of frequency, some are faster and others slower. The waves recorded in the brain map , can be separated into groups for study . These will be divided according to their frequency into : Delta waves : with a frequency of 0.2-4 Hz. Theta waves : 4-8 Hz Alpha waves : 8-12 Hz Beta waves : 12-30 Hz Gamma waves : 30-90 Hz Synapses are the way neurons and divisions of the nervous system communicate and organize themselves . Synapses occur in the cortex of the brain where nerve cells , also called neurons , are located .

15. Synapses

16. Simple PowerPoint Presentation Neuroscience applications

17. Definition of cybernetics Cybernetics is an interdisciplinary science that deals with control and communication systems in people and machines, studying and taking advantage of all their common aspects and mechanisms, it comes from the Greek kubernetike and means "art of piloting a ship". Cybernetics, as we understand it today, was formalized by Norbert Wiener in his work Cybernetics.

18. Origin of cybernetics It was developed as research into the techniques by which information is transformed into desired performance.This science arose from the problems encountered during World War II in developing so- called electronic brains and automatic control mechanisms for military equipment such as bombing scopes .

19. Founder of cybernetics Who was Norbert Wiener? Born in Columbia , Missouri , (1894-1964), he was the founder of cybernetics, American mathematician , he emphasized the study of control and communication in machines, animals and organizations . He specialized in mathematics and mathematical physics . During World War II, while researching anti- aircraft defense techniques , he became interested in automatic calculus and feedback theory .

20. Feedback theory It is a control mechanism of dynamic systems by which a certain proportion of the output signal is redirected to the input, thus regulating its behavior.

21. Approaches to cybernetics Robotics Cyborg Artificial Intelligence Robot humanoide Sophia Robot humanoide Pepper Bionics Vision Arficial Neil Harbisson Alexa

22.   DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY CYBERNETICS Some examples show how delicate it is to find a relationship between the functioning of a machine and that of an organ. The difficulty increases as soon as one turns to the higher nervous contexts. At this level, there is no similar machine, because the creation of new machines that allow comparison would imply a perfect knowledge of the nervous structures.

23. Activities Put the tail on the brain . ¿ How much your brain measures ? Augmented reality .

24. Bibliography Aroca, E. D. (2021, 25 abril). La era de los cyborgs : humanos 2.0 . Dynatec . https://dynatec.es/2021/04/25/la-era-de-los-cyborgs-humanos-2-0/ Barrios, H (2016). Neurociencias, educación y entorno sociocultural. Educación y Educadores, 19(3),395-415. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=83448566005 CIBERNÉTICA Y ENFOQUES - CIBERNÉTICA-JULY . (s. f.). Google Sites. https://sites.google.com/site/julycibernetica/tema-3-cibernetica R. (2021, 27 diciembre). Robótica. Qué es la robótica y para qué sirve . REVISTA DE ROBOTS. https://revistaderobots.com/robots-y-robotica/que-es-la-robotica/ Sobre de la neurociencia. (2019, October 17). Https://Espanol.nichd.nih.gov/ . https://espanol.nichd.nih.gov/salud/temas/neuro/informacion#:~:text=El%20objetivo%20de%20la%20neurociencia,nervioso%20en%20muchos%20niveles%20diferentes ‌