Ciliophora

1. Ciliophora Prepared by: NOE P. MENDEZ CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY (CMU) [email protected]

2. References Wikipedia Microbewiki PDFs Soulsby , E. J. 1982. Helminths , Arthropods, and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. Leo and Febiger Publishers. Philadelphia.

3. Introduction These microorganisms are the most advanced and structurally complex Evidences indicate that they have evolved from the zooflagellates 8,000 species of Ciliophora . ( Ji et. al., 2005) Parasites to pigs, rats, monkey, dog and also human

4. Features Possessing two nuclei ; Macronucleus - which is large and massive and responsible for the cytoplasmic activities of the organism Micronucleus - which is vesicular and is concerned with the reproductive process With contractile vacuola

5. Parts of Ciliated Protozoans Contractile vacuole Digestive vacuole Macronucleus Micronucleus Cytoproct Cytopharynx Cytostome Cilium

6. Distinguishing characteristics Movement and food-getting is accomplished with short hair-like/thread-like structure called cilia Similar in diameter and internal structure to the flagella, but are shorter Numerous and arranged in longitudinal or diagonal rows M ove in unison in order to move the organism Heterotroph

7. Cilia of Oxytricha trifallax

8. Reproduction Asexual Binary fission/in the sexual phase, by conjugation

9. Habitat Free-living Water Oceans Lakes Rivers Ponds

10. Classification Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora Class Karyorelictea Class Heterotrichea (e.g. Stentor ) Subphylum Intramacronucleata Class Spirotrichea - Subclass Choreotrichia (e.g. Tintinnidium ) - Subclass Oligotrichia (e.g. Halteria ) - Subclass Stichotrichia (e.g. Stylonychia ) - Subclass Hypotrichia (e.g. Euplotes ) Class Litostomatea - Subclass Haptoria (e.g. Didinium ) - Subclass Trichostomatia (e.g. Balantidium ) Class Phyllopharyngea - Subclass Phyllopharyngia (e.g. Chilodonella uncinata - Subclass Rhynchodia - Subclass Chonotrichia - Subclass Suctoria (e.g. Podophrya )

11. Continuation… Class Nassophorea Class Colpodea (e.g. Colpoda ) Class Prostomatea (e.g. Coleps ) Class Oligohymenophorea Subclass Peniculia (e.g. Paramecium ) Subclass Hymenostomatia (e.g. Tetrahymena ) Subclass Scuticociliatia Subclass Peritrichia (e.g. Vorticella ) Subclass Astromatia Subclass Apostomatia Class Plagiopylea