CL 10 GEOG CHAP 13 MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES PG.pptx

industry notes

1. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES . MINERAL- BASED. CHAPTER- 13

2. MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ZONES

3. IMPORTANCE OF STEEL,INTIGRATED STEEL & MINI STEEL Streel industry is a basic or key industry and forms the backbone of industrial development in any country. It provides raw material for making industrial machinery, electrical machinery , defense equipment , railway track and engines, bridges, dams, automobiles. The quantity of steel produced and its per capita consumption reflects the level of industrialization and economic development of a country. An Integrated Steel Plant:- an integrated steel plant is one in which all the processes from providing raw materials , basic fuel etc., to the conversion to steel, rolling, shaping into blooms , billets and various structural steel are all done within one campus or unit. Integrated steel plants use raw materials like iron ore, coal, manganese, limestone ,dolomite in the blast furnace for making pig iron or molten iron. Durgapur, Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela and IISCO are all integrated steel plant under SAIL. Mini Steel Plants:- Mini steel plants use cheap scrap iron in the electric arc furnaces to make steel which is further rolled and shaped into necessary products. These steel plants cater to the local need of the market and make manufacture day to day items. Capital investment is small . These plants are mostly located in the industrial towns thus the cost of transport is minimized. Raw Materials Necessary For Steel Making:- i . IRON ORE to produce pig iron and steel. ii COKING COAL for smelting. iii. FERRO ALLOYS –Cobalt , Nickel, Manganese to prevent rusting. iv. FLUX- to promote fluidity and to remove objectionable impurities in the form of SLAG – limestone, dolomite, gypsum etc are used.

4. TATA IRON TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY AND STEEL COMPANY. NAME & COLLABORATION LOCATION IRON & COAL MN & LIME STONE DOLOMITE POWER WATER TRANSPORT LABOUR MARKET FINAL PRODUCT Tata Iron and Steel company . Established by Jamshedji Tata in 1907.(.Private ownership). Production started in 1911. At Sakchi , presently called Jamshedpur, at Singhbhum district , Jharkhand. IRON ORE:- 1.Mayurbhanj district ( Gurumahasani mine) – Odisha. 2. Singhbhum dist, Noamundi mine, Jharkhand. COAL- Jharia and Bokaro ofSinghbhum district Jharkhand. MANGANES E:- 1.Joda mine in Keonjhar district , Odisha. 2. LIMESTONE & DOLOMITE: Barbil,and Gangpur of Sundargarh district, Odisha. Coal is the main source of power. Jharia, Bokaro Coalfields(DVC) are only at 177 kms away. TISCO plant is at the confluence of Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. So, the water supply is constant. It is well connected both by road and rail. Kolkata sea port is about 250 kms away. Jamshed is in the South Eastern railway main Route. Cheap unskilled and skilled labour force is available from Jharkhand, Bihar etc. Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia are importing Steel Produced in Tata Steel Plant. We have a large domestic market too. High grade carbon steel Used in structural fittings. 2. Acid Steel for railway wheel, axel, bar , rods , sheet. 3. Alloy steel for bullet proof armour.

5. ROURKELLA STEEL PLANT NAME & COLLAB0RATION LOCATION IRON ORE. COAL MN - LIMESTONE&DOLOMITE POWER WATER TRANSPORT LABOUR MARKET FINAL PRODUCT Built in 1959-60 German collaboration -- Krupp's and Demag German Firm. The first Integrated Steel Plant In Public Sector ,now Under SAIL. In the Sundargarh, dist- Odisha. At the confluence of two rivers- Sankha and Koel (Brahmani). IRON ORE: Sundargarh and keonjhar dists in Odisha- same as Tata (Rourkela is just 80 kms away.) COAL- From Talcher of Sambalpur district of Odisha and Jharia of Jharkhand . MANGANESE : 1.Barajamda mine of Singhbhum dist Jharkhand. LIMESTONE: Birmitrapu , Sundargarh dist of Odisha and DOLOMITE from Baradwar mine + Dist of Chhattisgarh. Korba field provides Thermal power And Hydro power from Hirakud Project. Mandira dam across Sankha river - tributary of Brahmani. It is in the Kolkata – Mumbai South Eastern Railway Main Line. Not Very far from east coast ports. Unskilled and skilled labour force from Odisha mainly and also from surrounding states like Jharkhand, Bihar , West Bengal. Vast domestic market and to European Economic Countries. Hot and cold rolled sheets, Galvanised steel, Electric steel plate. It produces nitrogen as a by product to manufacture fertilizer and chemicals’. SPP supplies special steel to the defence sector.

6. VISHAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANT NAME & COLLABORATION LOCATION IRON ORE & COAL MN LIME STONE DOLOMITE POWER WATER TRANSPORT LABOUR MARKET FINAL PRODUCT The VIZAG Steel is the first shore based very modern steel plant commissioned in 1992 in India. It is under Rastriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. 2 nd Largest Integrated Steel Plant In India. At the port city of (Vishakhapatnam) in Andhra Pradesh. IRON ORE Bailadila mine in Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh. COAL:- Coking coal is imported from Australia. Also getting coal from Pookkii and Bhalore of Jharkhand. Using Natural gas from KG basin presently MANGAN E SE and LIMESTONE from the local- close by mining areas of Andhra Pradesh. DOLOMITE from Birmitrapur of Odisha. Damodar Coal Fields (DVC) supplying power. Kanithi Balancing Reservoir In Ukkunagaram, Vishakhapatnam is the water source. One major station in the East Coast Railway. A port with a natural harbour with all facilities of export and import. Unskilled and skilled labour from Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Chattisgarh and Tamil Nadu. It produces global standard steel and is exported to China and in the South east Asian Countries. Liquid Steel, Saleable steel, vessels etc.

7. BHILAI STEEL PLANT NAME & COLLABORATION LOCATION IRON ORE & COAL MN LIME STONE DOLOMITE POWER WATER TRANSPORT LABOUR MARKET FINAL PRODUCT Bhilai Steel plant. Set up in 1953. Russian Collaboration( USSR) Biggest steel plant. PULSATING GIANT. Under SAIL. Bhilai, Durg District of Chhattisgarh. IRON ORE:- Dalli and Rajhara mines in Durg District of chattisgarh . COAL:- Korba mine of Korba Dist Chattisgarh . Jharia and Bokaro ofsinghbhum district of Jharkhand. MANGANESE:- From Balaghat district of M.P. LIMESTONE Nandini Mine-19 kms only from Bhilai Steel Plant. Durg Dist of Chattisgarh Korba Thermal Power Station. System of reservoirs at Tendula. On Mumbai- Nagpur – Kolkata main railway line. Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. Got 11 times the presidential award for making high quality and a large quantity steel. Structural beams, billets, rolled wire. Benzol, coal tar, ammonium sulphate.

8. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY :-It is a branch of science and engineering closely related to the science of electricity . But electronics does jobs that electricity alone cannot do. Developed in India since 1950s. From Radio manufacturing it has diversified into new areas:- like space exploration, , defence equipment's, medical diagnosis, communication, information technology, computer systems etc. This industry requires a large number of skilled workers. It is a fast growing Tertiary occupation . The Indian Telephone Industries. 2. the Electronics Corporation of India 3.the Bharat Electronics limited deserve mention. SPACE TECHNOLOGY:- ISRO at Bengaluru, The Satellite Launching Station at SRIHARIKOTA, NRSA at Hyderabad are landmarks in Space Technology. MANGALAYAN ( the Mars Orbit Mission was a space probe orbiting Mars). India’s scientific Mission CHANDRAYAN i & ii were also successful. THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY: The Information Technology Capital in India is Bengaluru. The IT industry now has spread from the SILICON VALLEY Of Bengaluru to Pune and Hyderabad- The Silicon Triangle. Bengaluru is famous for :- The readily available world class It infrastructure. 2. Quality Research and Development Institutes. 3 Progressive Government Policies 4. Centres for International Conferences and work shops.5. Global buyer and sellers silicon meets are held here for innovations .

9. PETROCHEMICALS Petrochemicals emerged in the market in the decade of 60s. The first petrochemical complex was set up in 1966 at Trombay by Union Carbide India Limited. Petrochemicals are mainly chemicals derived from coal, gas and petroleum. This industry is normally located near an oil refinery which can supply its basic requirements of Naphtha or Ethylene and Benzene. The chemicals are used for manufacturing synthetic fibres, wide range of plastic products, drugs, dyes and paints, printing ink, fertilizers insecticides, adhesives, resins, etc., Location of petrochemical industries are guided by two factors:- 1. Presence of petroleum refinery and 2. presence of market/ centres of consumption/ port facility. ADVANTAGES OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS :- 1.Cheap 2. Durable 3. Contribute to national income 4.Generates employment 5. They are not dependent on agricultural raw materials etc hence there is no fluctuation in production due to climatic factors. Some important production units are i . National Organic Chemical Industries Limited (Mumbai),ii.Petrofils Cooperative limited ( Vadodara) .iii The Bongaigaon Petrochemicals limited. Iv. The reliance industries. V. The Indian Oil Corporation etc,.

10. TRADITIONAL AND MODERN PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS

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