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To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the fluorescent screen of the picture tube
In monochrome television ,the picture is reproduced as shades of white , gray and black
In color television the picture is reproduced in all their natural colors as the combination of red green and blue
To see at a distance
Visual information in the scene is converted to an electrical video signal for transmission to the receiver
The image is reassembled on the flu

1. Clamper Circuits Outline What are clamper circuits? Working of clamper circuits Types of clamper circuits Advantages and disadvantages Applications of clamper circuits

2. What are clamper circuits? A clamper circuit shifts the input either above the X- axis or below the X-axis without changing wave shape. A clamper is an electronic circuit that fixes either the positive or the negative peak excursions of a signal to a defined value by shifting its DC value. The clamping network is one that will "clamp" a signal to a different dc level .

3. A typical clamper is made up of a capacitor, diode, and resistor. Some clampers contain an extra element called DC battery. The resistors and capacitors are used in the clamper circuit to maintain an altered DC level at the clamper output. The clamper is also referred to as a DC restorer, clamped capacitors, or AC signal level shifter.

4. Clamping circuits were common in analog television receivers. These sets have a DC restorer circuit, which returns the voltage of the video signal during the 'back porch' of the line blanking (retrace) period to V. This interference can be effectively removed by this method

5. Types of clamper circuits The clamper circuits are of the following types: Positive clampers. Negative clampers. Biased clampers.

6. Positive clampers

7. Working principle of positive clamper During the first positive half cycle,diode D comes in reverse bias ,so ideally the output is the same as the input. During the first negative half cycle, diode D comes forward bias , so ideally the output is zero and the capacitor gets charged in Vm voltage , ideally. So, in a steady state , the output voltage will be Vin + Vm and the diode will stay in reverse bias only. Here , we are DC sifting output waveforms by +Vm , so it is positive clamper.

8. Negative clampers.

9. Working principle of negative clamper During the first positive half cycle , diode D comes in forward bias , so ideally the output is zero and the capacitor gets charged by Vm voltage. During the first negative half cycle , diode D comes in reverse bias , so ideally the output is Vin – Vm and the capacitor stays charged ideally by Vm voltage. So , in a steady state , the output voltage will be Vin – Vm and the diode will stay in reverse bias only. Here , we are DC sifting output waveforms by – Vm , so it is a negative clamper.

10. Negative clamper with positive and negative bias

11. w orking operation The operation of the negative clamper with positive and negative bias is as follows: When Vin is positive, the diode is forward biased, allowing current to flow through the resistor R1 and charging the capacitor C1 to a positive voltage. The capacitor charges until it reaches the peak value of Vin. When Vin returns to zero or becomes negative, the diode becomes reverse biased and the capacitor discharges through the resistor R1, causing the output voltage to shift negatively. The negative bias voltage (- V_bias ) biases the output voltage further downwards, effectively adding a negative DC level to the output signal. This circuit is useful in various applications like commonly used in video and audio circuits for signal processing and conditioning.

12. Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages: It used to Shifting DC Level It has Signal Conditioning It is Ease of Implementation Versatility : Clamper circuits can be designed using various components such as diodes, capacitors, and resistors, allowing for flexibility in circuit design and application. Cost-Effectiveness Disadvantages: It has Limited Frequency Response. It is Nonlinear Response Temperature Sensitivity. Voltage Limitations Complexity for Precision Designs

13. Applications of Clampers Circuits AC Coupling : Clamper circuits are often used to remove the DC component of a signal, allowing only the AC component to pass through. Capacitor Discharge Protection : Clamper circuits can protect circuits from voltage spikes by clamping the voltage to a predefined level, preventing damage to sensitive components. Data Communication : In digital communication systems, clamper circuits can be used to establish a common reference voltage level for transmitted signals. Display Systems : Clamper circuits are employed in display systems to adjust and maintain the DC bias of video signals, ensuring proper representation on screens. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Control : In PWM applications, clamper circuits can be used to set the reference voltage for accurate control of pulse widths.