Class11_lsn_2_sysyematics_living_org._lasina.pptx

Bio

1. 2. Systematics of living organisms Class 11

2. What is five kingdom system of classification?

3. Systematics

4. Taxonomy Taxonomy means classification following certain rules or principles. two Greek words - taxis- arrangement and nomous - law or rule. The term taxonomy was first introduced by A. P. de. Candolle (swiss botanist )

5. Taxonomy

6. Classification: Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

7. phylogenytic descent :

8. Three domains of life Carl whose in 1990 proposed three domains of life to classify life forms. Domain is an unit larger than Kingdom in the system of classification. Bacteria and Archaea both have prokaryotic cells. Eukarya have eukaryotic cell All the three domains have very unique ribosomal RNA Archaea survive in extreme conditions like high temperature serenity acidic condition etc Bacteria are prokaryotes differ from Arshiya in structure of cell wall.

9. Chemotaxonomy

10. DNA barcoding

11. Taxonomic categories

12. Taxonomic hierarchy Taxon - a text zone is that taxonomic group of any rank in the system of classification. In plant Kingdom one of the following such as angiosperms dicotyledonae, polypetaae, Malvaceae, represents a taxonomic group.

13. Species Species is the principle natural taxonomic unit ranking below a genus and denoted by Latin binomial unit of classification. It is indivisible stable and static unit. However in the modern taxonomy sub divisions of species such as sub species varieties and populations are seen and given more importance.

14. Genus Genus is a taxonomic rank or category larger than species Genus is a group of species bearing close resemblance to one another in their morphological characters but they do not inter breed They have common characters yet are different from each other because their genus is same but species is different. Tiger leopard lion all three belong to same genus Panther. Genus solanum brinjal and potato both belong to this genus.

15. Family Family represent a group of closely related genera. Example generaligh hibiscus gossium seda bombbacks are included in the same family Malvaceae. Cat also belongs to family of leopard tigers and lions family Felidae but dog belongs to different family Canidae.

16. Order An order is a group of closely related families showing definite affinities Order is a step about family in taxonomic hierarchy Members belonging to same order but different families may so very few dissimilarities example family Papaverace, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, with parietal placentation are grouped in order Parietales Families of dogs and cats though are different but they belong to the same order carnivora.