Classifcation of Computer numurical control machines

computer-aided manufacturing
Classificatopm of CNC system

1. Introduction to CAM and CNC
Manufacturing

2. Computer Aided Manufacturing
Computer aided Manufacturing is defined
as the effective use of computer technology
in the planning, management and control of
manufacturing functions

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Computer Aided Manufacturing
ComputerAidedManufacturingisuseof
computertoassistManufacturingprocess.
CADandCAMCombinedknownasCAD/CAM
sothatoutputofCADsystemisfedtoCAM
System,theDesigncanbeconvertedinto
sequenceofoperationslikedrillingTurning,
Milling,ProfilecuttingetcforManufacturingon
CNCMachine.

4. VARIETY
LOW MEDIUM
HIGH
VOLUME
MEDIUM
HIGH
LOW
STAND ALONE
CNC
MANU.
CELL
FLEXIBLE
MANUFACTURING
SYSTEM
(FMS)
DEDICATED
SYSTEM
TRANSFER
LINE
Manufacturing Methods
Based On Production Quantity
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5. CNC
MACHINE
TOOL
INTEGRATION
Integration And Automation for Computer Numerical
Control
A
U
T
O
M
A
T
I
O
N
CNC Machining
Center
Cluster Of NC /CNC
Machines
Cam System
ONE
OR
MORE
COMPUTER
REQIRED

6. The Application Of CAM
The application of CAM can be divided into two categories
1ManufacturingPlanning
2Manufacturingcontrol
Thetwocategoriesrepresenttwodifferentlevelsofinvolvementof
computerintheoperationoftheplant
Manufacturingplanning:-
CAMapplicationformanufacturingplanningarethoseinwhich
thecomputerisusedindirectlytosupporttheproduction
function,
Thecomputerisusedasofflinetoprovideinformationfor
effectiveplanningandmanagementofproductionactivities
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7. Important Application
•Cost estimating
•Computer aided process Planning(CAPP)
•Computerized machinability data system
•Computer assisted NC part programming
•Development of work standards
•Computer aided line balancing
•Production and inventory planning.
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8. Manufacturing Control
1.ThesecondcategoryofCAMapplicationisconcernedwith
developingcomputerSystemforimplementingthe
manufacturingcontrolfunctionManufacturingcontrolis
concernedwithmanagingandcontrollingthephysical
operationsinthefactory.Processcontrol,Qualitycontrol,
shopfloorcontrolandprocessmonitoringareallincluded
inthescopeofthisfunction
Theapplicationofthecomputerprocessarepervasive
todayinautomatedproductionsystems.Theyinclude
transferlines,assemblysystems,numericalControl
robotics,materialhandlingandflexiblemanufacturing
system
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9. Elements of The CAM System
The Cam Data Base
•Production Management
•Manufacturing Control
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10. CENTRAL
COMPUTER
LARGE SCALE
COMPUTER
CAD
CNC
PART
PROGRAMING
SMALL
COMPUTER
Cnc
manufacturing QC
CAM DATA BASE
ENGG.DATA BASE
NC PRODUCTION
DATA BASE
MPS
CONTROL DATA
BASE
QC DATA BASE
CAM DATA BASE FOR COMPUTER MANU.SYSTEM
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11. CNC MACHINE
TheElectronicIndustriesAssociation
definesCNCasTheNumericalControl
Systemwhereinadedicatedstored–
programcomputerisusedtoperformsome
orallofthebasisNCfunctionsin
accordancewithcontrolprogramsstoredin
theRead-writememoryofthecomputer.
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12. CNC
CONTROLLER
ACTUATING
DEVICES
( SPINDLE MOTOR,
SERVO MOTOR,AND
CONTROLLERS
MACHINE
TOOL
FEED BACK
TRANSDUCER
( RESOLVER AND
ENCODER,OR
LINEAR SCALE
CNC
PROGRAM
Block Diagram Of A CNC SystemVKMODI BBIT MARCH 2021

13. MINI
COMPUTER
AND
STORAGE
HARDWARE
CIRCUITRY
SERVO
SYSTEM
CNC
MACHINE
TOOL
Input CNC
instruction
CNC CONTROLLER
Software
Function
Hardware
Function
CNC System Schematic
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14. Organization of a Typical MCU
Feed Rate(f)
Control Area
Interpo
Lator
SERVO
AREA
Program
reader
AUXILIARY
FUNCTIONS
M,S,T, AREA
To m/c
tool
control
Panel
Data
Decoding
Control Area
BUFFER
To m/c tool
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15. VKMODI BBIT MARCH 2021
Various Classification of CNC Machine
According to Types of motion control
CNC Machine Can be classified as
Point to Point Control System(PTP)
Straight Cut CNC System
Contouring CNC System

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The work piece and the tool are placed in the position
and the tool does its various operation These types of
machines are called point to point systems.
The drilling, tapping and boring machines are group
under these types.
The work piece is not moved until the tool finishes the
job and retracts to the safety.
The point to point control system works as shown in
the below figure.
Point to Point CNC Control System
(PTP)

17. Types Of CNC System
TOOL
PATH
STARTING
POINT
Point To Point (Positioning) CNC System
(0,0)
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Straight-cutcontrolsystemsarecapableofmovingthecuttingtool
paralleltooneofthemajoraxesatacontrolledratesuitablefor
machining.
Itisthereforeappropriateforperformingmillingoperationsto
fabricateworkpiecesofrectangularconfigurations.
Mostofthestraight-cutsystemsanfittedwithmanually
adjustablefeedcontrol,thisfeedcontrolissharedbyallthe
programmableaxesoftheCNCmachine,becauseofthisshared
feedcontrolfeature;thesystemcanalsoperformmillingoperation
at45˚totheprimaryaxesofthemachine
Straight Cut CNC System

19. STARTING
POINT
CUTTING
TOOL
WORK
PIECE
Straight Cut System
TOOL
PATH
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20. VKMODI BBIT MARCH 2021
Thistypeofmachinetoolsworksinacontinuouspathby
cuttingthematerialandfollowingacontourofthe
part.Thesemachinetoolsareknownascontouring
machineswhichincludesMilling,latheandrouting
machines.
Thesecontouringmachinesarealsocapableofdoingthe
worksameaspointtopointsystem.
Thesecontouringsystemmachinesrequiresimulations
movementofthetoolandtheworkpiecei.e.,the
positionsoftheworkpieceandthetoolare
simultaneouslycontrolledbyacontrolsystem.
Thecontouringmotionworksasbelowshowninfigure.
Continuous path or Contouring CNC
Control System

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OpenloopControlsystemarethesystemsinwhich
instructionsofprogramaresentintothecontroller
throughtheinputdeviceandthentheseinstructionsare
convertedtothesignalsbythecontrollerandsenttothe
amplifierstoenergizethemotors.
Theopenloopsystemsareusuallyusedinthepointto
pointcontrolsystemswhere
Theaccuracyisnotgoodmuchandusedinfew
continuouspathcontrolsystemsincethereisno
feedbackfromthesystemtheresultmaydeviatefrom
theactual.
Open Loop Control System
According to control loop Feed back Control system

22. TRANSLATOR
Command
Signal
Form MCU Stepper Motor
Ball Screw
Machine
Tool Slide
Open Loop Control SystemVKMODI BBIT MARCH 2021

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Inthistypeofsystemhasfeedbackfromthecontrolsystem
totheactualandtheprogrammedinputwecallitasclosed
loopsystem.
TheCNCsystemsworksonservomechanismandit’sa
closedloopprinciple.
Thefeedbackcanbemeasuredbyanalogorthedigital
systems.Theanalogsystemsmeasurethephysical
variablessuchaspositionandvelocityintermsofvoltage
levelsanddigitalsystemsmonitorbyelectricalpulses.
Theseclosedloopsystemsareaccurateandpowerful
becauseoftheircapabilityofmonitoringoperational
conditionthroughfeedbacksystems
Closed loop Control System

24. MACHINE
SLIDE
NC
TRANSDUCER
FEED BACK
DEVICE
COMMAND SIGNALS
FROM MCU AMPLIFIER
Comparator
(Error Detector)
CORRECTION
SIGNAL
(100-99)
SERVO
MOTOR
Close Loop CNC Control
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25. VKMODI BBIT MARCH 2021
Classification of CNC Machine according to
Number of Axis
2-axis machines
2.5 axis machines
3 axis machines
4 axis machines
5 axis machines and above

26. Thank You