Classification

classification, Nomenclature and Isomerism

1. Classification; Nomenclature and Isomerism For B-Pharm 1 st Year SIX SIGMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, RUDRAPUR Presented By- Sandhya Punetha ( Assistant Professor)

2. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is defined as branch of science which deals with the study of structure, properties and reactions of hydrocarbons and their derivatives .

3. Topic 1- Classification of organic compounds

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic Compounds Open chain/ Aliphatic/Alicyclic Closed chain/ Cyclic Compounds Compounds Saturated Unsaturated Homocyclic /Carbocyclic Heterocyclic Alicyclic Aromatic Alicyclic Aromatic Benzenoid Non- Benzenoid

5. ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS These compounds are derived from either animals or vegetable fats. Therefore, they are known as aliphatic compounds. These compounds contain open chain of carbon atoms in their molecules and hence are also known as open chain compounds. In these compounds terminal carbon atoms are free as they are not linked with each other.

6. Types of aliphatic compounds Saturated Compounds Unsaturated Compounds These are the compounds that are saturated or contain single bond in the open chain hydrocarbons. Example- Ethane H H H C C H H H These are the compounds which contain single or double bond in the open chain hydrocarbons. Example- Ethene H H H C C H

7. CYCLIC COMPOUNDS These are the compounds that contain one or more closed chain or ring of atoms in their molecules. In this case two terminal carbon atoms are linked with each other.

8. Types of Cyclic Compounds HH These compounds are entirely made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. No other atom is present in the ring. Example- Cyclohexane Homocyclic Heterocyclic These compounds contain one or more heteroatoms like oxygen; nitrogen; sulphur in their ring. Example- Furan

9. 1) Homocyclic Compounds- Types of Homocyclic Compounds Aliphatic Aromatic These are the compounds which resembles with aliphatic compounds in most of their properties. Example- Cyclopropane Cyclobutane Cyclopentane These are cyclic unsaturated compounds. They have derived their name from Greek word – Aroma which means fragrant smell. Since, most of these compound have sweet smell they are known as aromatic compounds. Example- Benzene.

10. These are the containing more or more fused benzene rings. According to the number of benzene ring they are classified as- Monocyclic; Bicyclic and Tricyclic. Example- Benzene Naphthalene They are characterized by the presence of benzene ring to which other groups are attached. Example- Toulene C Aniline N  

11. 2) Heterocyclic Compounds-

12. Alicyclic compounds- Alicyclic compounds that contain one or more heteroatoms in their rings are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Example- Tetrahydrofuran O Tetrahydropyran O

13. Aromatic Compounds- These are the compounds that contain one or more heteroatoms in their ring structure. Example- Furan Thiophene O S

14. HUCKEL’S RULE- If the compound is cyclic planar, fully conjugated and posses (4n+2) pi electrons; then it is an aromatic compound. Conditions- Cyclic Conjugated bond Planar (4n+2) pi electron.

15. Question- Which of these is not an aromatic compound? N b) c)