Classification of fertilizers

Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers

1. Presentation title:
Presented by: Muhammad Ayyan Khan
Classification of
Fertilizers

2. Contents
•Classificationofchemicalfertilizers
•organicfertilizerandinorganicfertilizer
•SourcesofOrganicfertilizers
•Inorganicfertilizers
•Nitrogenousfertilizers
•Phosphatefertilizers
•Potassicfertilizers
•Secondarymajor-nutrientfertilizers
•MicronutrientFertilizers
•Onthebaseofphysiologicaleffect
•Onthebasisofphysicalforms
•Granularfertilizers
•Tosumup
•Studentassignment

3. Classification of chemical fertilizers
✓Fertilizerscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirmodeof
operationinthesoil.
a)Directfertilizer:arethosewhichcontainthenutrient
elementsintheformofcompoundswhicharedirectly
assimilatedbyplants.Forexample,superphosphate,nitrates
andammoniumcompounds.Thesecontainnutrientelementsin
theformofmineralsaltswhichcanbeabsorbeddirectly.

4. b)Indirectfertilizer:arethosesubstanceswhichare
addedtothesoilinordertoimproveitschemical,
mechanicalorbiologicalproperties.Forexample,
grounddolomitesandlimestoneusedtoreducesoil
acidity,andgypsumusedtoimprovethepropertiesof
soilswithahighcontent.
Classification of chemical fertilizers

5. •Chemicalfertilizersareclassifiedas;organicfertilizerand
inorganicfertilizer.
•Organicfertilizers
•Organicfertilizersarenaturalfertilizersobtainedfromplantsand
animals.Itenrichesthesoilwithcarboniccompoundsessential
forplantgrowth.Organicfertilizersincreasetheorganicmatter
contentofthesoil,promotesthereproductionofmicroorganisms,
andchangesthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthesoil.Itis
consideredtobeoneofthemainnutrientsforgreenfood.

6. Organicfertilizerscanbeobtainedfromthe
followingproducts:
•AgriculturalWaste
•LivestockManure
•IndustrialWaste
•MunicipalSludge
Sources of Organic fertilizers

7. •Organicfertilizersareclassifiedasnaturalor
artificialfertilizers;
✓plantmatter,farmyardmanure,animalmatteretc.are
theexamplesofnaturalorganicfertilizers,
✓whilewastematerialssuchaswasteobtainedfrom
animalexcretion.Meatobtainedfromslaughterhouses
consistingofscrapmeat,blackdryblood,hoofsetc.,
containing5-10%,nitrogen,phosphorusfertilizers,urea
etc.areexamplesofartificialorganicfertilizers.

8. •Inorganicfertilizersarealsoclassifiedasnaturalor
artificialfertilizers;
✓Chilesaltpeter,rockphosphates,potassiumsaltsetc.,are
examplesofnaturalinorganicfertilizers.
✓Artificialinorganicfertilizer:arechemicalfertilizersthat
containnutrientelementsforthegrowthofcropsmadeby
chemicalmeans.nitrogenous,phosphateandpotassic
fertilizers.

9. ✓The natural organic and inorganic fertilizers are not sufficient
to make the soil productive as they can no wholly meet the
demand. Hence fertilizer are made artificially.
Fertilizers
Nitrogenous
Fertilizers
Phosphate
Fertilizers
Potassic
Fertilizers
Chemical/inorganic
fertilizers

10. ✓Nitrogenous fertilizers
Nitrogenfertilizerscontainnitrogennecessaryforthe
developmentofcrops.Nitrogenisthemainconstituentof
chlorophyllthatmaintainsabalanceintheprocessof
photosynthesis.Itisalsoapartofaminoacidsinplants
andconstitutesprotein.Nitrogenfertilizersimprovethe
productionandqualityofagriculturalproducts.

11. i.Fertilizercontainingnitrogeninammonium(NH
4)form
suchasammonium
sulphate,ammoniumchlorideetc.
ii.Fertilizercontainingnitrogeninnitrate(NO
3)formsuch
ascalciumnitrate,
sodiumnitrate,potassiumnitrateetc.
iii.Fertilizercontainingnitrogeninamideformsuchas
urea.

12. ✓theirfertilizingvalueisexpressedasavailablequantity
ofnitrogeninthem
✓Mostofnitrogenousfertilizersaresyntheticproducts
obtainedbytheneutralizationofacidswithalkalies.
✓Theinitialmaterialsusedinthemanufactureof
nitrogenousfertilizersaresulphuricacid,nitricacid,
carbondioxide,liquidorgaseousNO
3
+
,Ca(OH)
2etc.
✓Thenitrogeniscontainedinthefertilizerseitheras
NH
4
+
cation,asNH
2orasNO
3
+
anionforms.

13. nitrogenousfertilizersaredividedinto
✓ammonia,nitrate,
✓ammonium-nitrateand
✓amidefertilizers.
✓Allnitrogenousfertilizersaresolubleinwaterandwell
assimilatedbyplants,buttheyareeasilycarriedaway
intothedeeperlayersofthesoilduringabundantrainfall
orirrigation.

14. ✓Phosphate fertilizers
Theefficiencyoffertilizerdependsuponeffective
phosphoruscontent,methodsoffertilizing,properties
ofsoilandcropstrains.Phosphorusfoundinthe
protoplasmofthecellplaysanimportantroleincell
growthandproliferation.Thephosphorusfertilizeris
beneficialforthegrowthofrootsoftheplants.

15. ✓Various phosphatic fertilzers depending on their compositions,
have different solubility in soil solutions and are therefore
assimilated by plants differently. According to their solubility
they are classified as waster soluble, available and insoluble.
i.Fertilizerscontainingwatersolublephosphorussuchassuper-
phosphate,concentratedsuperphosphate,etc.
ii.Precipitated,calcinedphosphate,fusedphosphatesandbasic
slagetc.belongtothegroupofavailablefertilizers.

16. iii.Fertilizerscontaininginsolublephosphatesuchasrockphosphate,
apatite's,boneflouretc.whicharesolubleonlyinstronginorganic
acids
•Fertilizersthatsuppliespotassiumsuchaspotassium
chloride,potassiumsulphateetc.
•Thepotassiumcontentofpotassicfertilizersisusually
expressedaspotassiumoxide.K
2Oreferredtoaspotash.
✓Potassic fertilizers

17. •Potassicminerals,woodashandseaweedsarenatural
potassicfertilizers.
•Muriateofpotash(KCl),sulphateofpotash(K
2SO
4)are
examplesofprocessedfertilizers.
•Potassiumnitrate(KNO
3)andpotassium
orthophosphate(KHPO
4)aresyntheticpotassic
fertilizers.

18. a)Potassium chloride (KCl)
✓Potassiumchlorideormuriateofpotashisa
whiteorred,crystalcontaining60.0%K
2O.
✓Itiscompletelysolubleinwater
✓Itisnotlostfromthesoil
✓Itcanbeappliedatsowingorbeforeorafter
sowing.

19. b) Potassium sulphate (K
2S0
4)
✓Potassiumsulphateorsulphateofpotashisawhitesalt
andcontains48%K
2O.
✓Itissolubleinwaterandthereforereadilyavailabletothe
crop.
✓Itdoesnotproduceanyacidityoralkalinityinthesoil.
✓Itispreferredforfertilizationofcropsliketobacco,
potatoetc.,

20. a)Magnesiumfertilizers
✓Thesearechemicalsubstancescontainingthenutrient
magnesiumintheformofmagnesiumcations(Mg
2+
).
MagnesiumSulphate(MgSO
4)
✓Theutilizationrateofmagnesiumfertilizersdecreases
withincreasingpotassiumsupplies.
Secondary major-nutrient
fertilizers

21. b)Calciumfertilizers
✓Thesearethechemicalsubstancescontainingthenutrient
calciuminabsorbablecalciumcations('Ca
2+
)form.The
rawmaterialofcalciumfertilizersislimefoundinnature.
CalciumChloride(CaCl
26H
2O)
✓Itcontainsatleast15%Ca.Itishighlywatersolubleand
can,therefore,bedissolvedforapplicationasafoliar
nutrient.

22. MicronutrientFertilizers
a)lronfertilizers
Thesearegenerallywatersolublesubstances,
predominantlysprayedasfoliarnutrientsonthe
crops.PlantsabsorbironintheformofFe
2+.
Ferroussulphate(FeSO
47H
2O):Itisawater
solublefertilizercontaining20%Fe
Fe–ChelatesFe-EDTAFe-EDDPA:Suitablefor
applicationasfoliarnutrients

23. b)Manganesefertilizers
ManganousSulphate(MnSO
47H
2O):Itisthewellknown
watersolubleMnfertilizer.Itispinksaltcontaining24%
Mn.Itdissolvesinwaterandissuitableforfoliar
application.
Mn–chelates(Mn–DTA):Itcontains13%Mn.Itplays
animportantroleinthecropfertilization.

24. c)Copperfertilize
Copperfertilizershavebeenusedtocorrectcopper
(Cu),deficiencies.
Coppersulphate(CuSO
45H
2O)–25%Cu
Coppersulphate(CuSO
4H
2O)–36%Cu

25. d)Zincfertilizers:
✓Zinc(Zn)fertilizersplayanimportantroleinZndeficiency
✓Zincsulphate(ZnSO
47H
2O):Itiswatersolublewhitishsalt
containing23%Zn.
✓Itisappliedasfoliarnutrient.Itsacidicactioncauses
corrosiondamagetoplants.
✓Zinc-oxide(ZnO):Itcontains70%Zn.Itisslightlysoluble
inwater,itisusedasslowactingfoliarnutrient

27. Phosphorus sources and fertilizer materials

28. Potassium sources and fertilizer materials

29. Inorganicfertilizersarefurtheredclassified
accordingtotheroletheyplayinsoilchemistry,the
numberandtypesofnutrientelementstheycontain,
theirphysiochemicalpropertiesandinparticular,their
solubilityinsoilwater,theirphysiologicaleffecton
thesoiltowhichthefertilizerhasbeenappliedand
methodusedformanufacturing.

30. Classificationonthebasisofnumberofbasicnutrientelements
(N,P,K);
✓Simple/straightfertilizers:containingonlyonenutrient
element
✓Doubleortriplefertilizers:containingtwoorthree
elementsrespectively,
✓Compoundfertilizers:Fertilizerscontainingmorethanone
nutrientthroughchemicalbonding.Suchasmonoammonium
phosphate(MAP),(diammoniumphosphate(DAP)etc.

31. ✓MixedFertilizers:Fertilizerspreparedthroughmixing
ofdifferentfertilizers.Theymaybeofthefollowingtwo
types
a)Completefertilizers:Mixedfertilizerthatcontains3
primarynutrientsi.e.N,PandKforthegrowthofplantsin
thecombinedform,sothatanadditionalfertilizersisnot
necessary.Guanoisanexampleofcompletefertilizers.
Thesefertilizersarebeingmanufacturedartificially.

32. b)Incompletefertilizers:Mixedfertilizerthat
containsany2primarynutrientsi.e.NandPor,Kand
Por,NandKsuchasammoniumphosphateor
potassiumnitrate.
✓Thequantityofnutrientsvariesindifferent
fertilizermixtures,basedonwhichtheymaybe
classifiedas:
i.Lowgradefertilizermixtures:Thiscategoryof
mixturecontainsatotalof

33. plantnutrientsuptoorlessthan14percentinit.
ii.Mediumgrademixtures:containsatotalofplant
nutrientsbetween15to24percentinit.
iii.Highgrademixtures:totalnutrientcontentsrange
between25to35percent
Accordingtotheirsolubilityinthemoistureorinthesoil,
fertilizerscanbeclassifiedaswatersolubleorsolublein
soilacid.Allnitrogenous,phosphateandpotashfertilizers
aresolubleinwater.However,thephosphatefertilizers
dissolvemuchslowerinwater.

34. ✓Onthebaseofphysiologicaleffect:
•physiologicallyacid,
•physiologicallyalkaline
•physiologicallyneutral.
✓Onthebasisofphysicalforms:
•Solid(Powderformandgranularones)
•liquid

35. ✓Granular fertilizers:
✓arelesshygroscopic,donotcakeduringstorage
✓arenotsubjectedtoweathering
✓retainedbythesoilforalongertime
✓widevariationinrangeofparticlesizeandsphericityof
granules.
✓Productsrangefromsemigranularmixedfertilizerstogranular
andtoureaandammoniumnitrateprilllsthathaveasmallsize
rangeandquitespherical.

36. ✓Anidealgranularfertilizeristhatwhichisfreeoflumps,
madeupofhomogenous,sphericalparticlesinthesize
rangeof10-14meshandcapableofmaintainingtheinitial
drillingrateof1hr,whenexposedin88%relativehumidity
at70°F.

37. Nitrogenous straight fertilizer:
•Urea
•Ammonium sulphate
•Ammonium chloride
•Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)
Phosphatic straight fertilizer:
•Single super phosphate (SSP)
•Triplesuperphosphate (TSP)
Complex and mixed fertilizers:
•Ammonium phosphate (DAP)
•Nitrophosphate (NP)
•Different blends of NPK fertilizers

38. Tosumup
✓Fertilizersareavailableinbothorganicaswellasinorganic
forms.
✓Inorganicfertilizersareclassifiedasnitrogenous,phosphatic
andpotassiumfertilizers.
✓Theycanalsobeclassifiedasstraight,complexandmixed
fertilizers.
✓Moderngranularfertilizersaresatisfactoryproduct.

39. Recommended Books:
1.Park., M. The fertilizer industry. Woodhead publishing limited, 2001
2.Pk. Sharam. Industrial chemistry