Classification of Fruit

what is fruit? and classification of fruit

1. Presentation Topic: Classification Of Fruits Presented By: Ghulam Fatima Tunio

2. Fruit: Fruits are the reproductive organs produced by flowering plants that contain seeds. It can be eaten as food. Examples: Apple, Mango, Apricot, Banana, Grapes, Almonds etc.

3. Classification of fruits Fruits are classified according to the composition into 2 groups: True Fruit Accessory fruits

4. 1) True Fruit: A fruit developed solely from the ovary and its contents is known as a true fruit. Example: Mango, watermelon and kiwi fruit. 2) Accessory Fruit: A fruit developed from the ovary and its contents plus additional parts of the flower such as the receptacle, petals, and sepals is known as an accessory fruit. Example: Pineapple

5. Fruits are classified according to the arrangement from which they derive. There are three types. Simple fruits Aggregate fruits Multiple fruits

6. 1. Simple Fruits Simple fruits are derived from a single ovary of one flower. Example: Peach, Plum and Mango.

7. Simple fruits are further divided into 2 groups: Fleshy fruit Dry fruit Fleshy Fruits:   In fleshy fruits, the fruit wall is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Fleshy fruits are further divided into following categories.

8. Drupes : A drupe is a fleshy fruit that has one seed surrounded by a bony endocarp, or the inner wall of the pericarp, which is sweet and juicy. Drupe fruit include plum, peach, almond, cherry etc. Berries:  Berries on the other hand have several seeds with a fleshy pericarp. These include tomatoes and grapes

9. Pomes : A pome has many seeds with fleshy tissue surrounding the pericarp that is sweet and juicy. Pomes include apples and pears. Hesperidia and Pepos: Both the hesperidium and pepo fleshy fruits have a leathery rind. Hesperidium includes citrus fruits like lemon and orange, while the pepo fruits include cucumbers and squash.

10. ii. Dry Fruits: The pericarp of simple dry fruits is usually quite dry and hard. It is not differentiated into the three layers of epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Dry fruits are further divided into two categories. Dehiscent fruits Indehiscent fruits

11. 1. Dehiscent Fruits - Dry fruits which at maturity open by definite natural means to shed the contained seeds. Legume: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along both the dorsal and ventral sutures. (beans, peas). Follicle: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from 1 carpel and at maturity splitting along only one suture. (larkspur, columbine) Capsule: A dry dehiscent fruit developed from several carpels.

12. 2. Indehiscent fruits - Dry fruits which do not open when mature to shed their seeds. Many of this group are one seeded fruits. i . Achene: A one-seeded, dry, indehiscent fruit; the one seed is attached to the fruit wall at a single point. (buttercups, dandelion, sunflower). ii. Nut: A dry, indehiscent, one seeded fruit similar to an achene but with the wall greatly thickened and hardened. (beech, chestnut, oak, hazel; walnut and hickory - note: because of extrafloral bracts, or "husk", the latter two fruits are sometimes called "drupes").              

13. iii. Samara: A one- or two-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in which part of the fruit wall grows out into a wing. (elm, maple, ash). iv. Grain: A one-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit in which the fruit wall and the seed coat are fused. (wheat, corn, grasses).   v. Schizocarp : A fruit formed from several carpels, each carpel of this pistil enclosing a single ovule, at maturity the carpels separate as separate indehiscent fruits. (mallow, wild carrot, dill).

14. 2. Aggregate Fruits An aggregate fruits are develops from many separate carpels of one flower. Example: Black berry, Strawberry etc.

15. 3. Multiple Fruits A fruit formed from the fusion of the ovaries of many different flowers which develop closely together to form one bigger fruit. Example: pineapples, figs, and mulberries.