Classification of microorganisms

This presentation explains in detail, the classification of living organisms,nomenclature systems, what is taxonomy, its parts, how organisms are classified in the taxonomical hierarchy, etc.

1. Classification of Microorganisms General principles and Nomenclature , Haeckel’s three kingdom & Whittaker’s five kingdom concept

2. Introduction Diversity of Living organisms – Plants, Animals and Microorganisms Why Classification? Aristotle – Classified as Plants & Animals 2000 years ago John Ray – defined Species (similar pattern) & Genera (closely related species) Carolous Linnaeus – proposed science of Taxonomy – basic rules & Binomial nomenclature

3. Taxonomy – Science of biological classification “ taxis ” – arrangement “ nomos ” – law GREEK Definition : “Orderly arranging organisms of study into groups of larger units” It consists of 3 interrelated parts: Arranging organisms into groups / taxa Mutual similarity Evolutionary relatedness Assigning names to taxonomic groups Following published rules Practical side of taxonomy Naming & Classifying

4. Classification Phenetic / Phenotypic classification > Morphological traits > How an organism looks? Phylogenetic / Cladistic classification > Evolutionary trait > Common ancestor > Molecular taxonomy

5. Nomenclature Polynomial system Binomial nomenclature – Linnaeus Eg: Homo sapien Homo – genus , sapien – species Homo sapien / Homo sapien Genus – 1 st letter Capitalized Species - lower case G. species

6. Taxonomy – Levels of Classification Based on Morphology, Physiology & Metabolism, Ecology, and Genetic analysis

7. Taxonomical hierarchy Animalia Plantae Chordata Arthropoda Reptilia Mammalia Primata (Monkey, Ape, Man) Carnivora Felidae Canidae Panthera Felis Panthera leo Panthera tigris Panthera pardus

8. Divisions of Life - Kingdom system of classification

9. Three kingdom system Introduced by Ernest Haeckel (1866) Unicellular organisms (Bacteria, Protozoa, Algae, Fungi)

10. Five Kingdom system RH Whittaker (1969) Main criteria: Cellular organization ( Prokaryote/ Eukaryote) (Unicellular / Multicellular) Mode of nutrition (Absorption/ Ingestion/ Photoautotrophic) Reproduction (Sexual/ Asexual)