Cleaner Production and consumption......

Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.Cleaner Production and consumption approaches, concepts and its importances as an environmental management tool to ensure environmental compliance from designing stage to consumption and ensuring pollution prevention at source. Overview for environmental managers in industries to perform and prepare environmental management plan, monitoring plan and Mitigation measures.

1. Concept of C leaner Production All businesses use resources to produce products or deliver services to meet the needs of the businesses and communities. Some resources remain unspent, or unwanted products get produced as waste since usually they don’t achieve 100% conversion transfer of resources. This practice usually leads to pollution. 1/31/2024 1 Cleaner Production and Consumption

2. Concept of Cleaner Production There is no universally agreed definition of cleaner production , but generally the general consensus is that the aim of CPC is to reduce the level of polluting emissions and waste production at source , and make more efficient use of raw materials , energy and utilities , thus reducing environmental impacts at use and disposal 1/31/2024 2 Cleaner Production and Consumption

3. 3 Cleaner Production Definition Definition: “ The continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment .” (United Nations Environment Programme)

4. 4 Cleaner Production Definition Cleaner production Is a preventive, integrative, continuous Strategy applied to Products Processes Services To increase efficiency and Reduction of risks Improve environmental performance and reduce costs Competitive advantage

5. Cleaner Production and Consumption For production process Includes conservation of raw materials and energy. Eliminating toxic raw materials and reducing the toxicity of emissions and waste before they leave the process e.g : A technological investment to extract oil and sugar from orange peels instead of disposing the waste. Gain: waste reduction, cost saving and income 5

6. Cleaner Production and Consumption For product Focuses on reducing impacts along the entire life cycle of the product, from raw material extraction to the final disposal of the product through identifying and implementing pollution prevention options. Gains: Reduction of pollutions and costs associated, energy and water consumptions, result in improved waste water quality and employee health 6

7. Cleaner Production and Consumption For services Incorporates environmental concerns in designing and delivering services. e.g : Introduction of online services in banks results in paperless system 7

8. Cleaner production and consumption aims to prevent pollution, reduce the use of energy, water and material resources and minimize waste profitably , all without reducing production or consumption capacity. It involves rethinking conventional methods to achieve ‘ smarter ’ products, product components, and production processes. 1/31/2024 8 Cleaner Production and Consumption

9. The essential underlying philosophy being that prevention is better than cure. This contrasts with the traditional approaches to environmental protection that rely on end-of-pipe technologies to treat pollution after it has been produced. 1/31/2024 9 Cleaner Production and Consumption

10. 10 end-of-pipe approaches Reactive environmental strategies Sewage and related liquid/solid waste Air emissions

11. End-of-pipe approach frequently may results into secondary environmental impacts as pollutants are transferred from one environmental medium to another. 1/31/2024 11 Cleaner Production and Consumption

12. Cleaner production follows the waste management Hierarchy whose highest priorities are assigned to preventing pollution through source - reduction and reuse, or closed - loop recycling. 1/31/2024 12 Cleaner Production and Consumption

13. 13 Waste Management Hierarchy

14. PREVENT - Avoid waste generation REDUCE - Less raw material input REUSE - Maximize time to end of life RECYCLE - Reprocessing of waste materials RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND MINERALS - incineration with recovery of metals and energy RESPONSIBLE DISPOSAL - Permanent safe landfill 1/31/2024 14 Waste Management Hierarchy

15. Preventing or recycling at the source eliminates the need for off - site recycling or treatment and disposal. Elimination of pollutants at or near the source is typically less expensive than collecting, treating and disposing of wastes. It also presents much less risk to your workers, the community and the environment 1/31/2024 15 Cleaner Production and Consumption

16. Cleaner Production & Consump : Continuous improvement Progress towards use of closed loop or continuous cycle processes Everyone in the community has a role to play ; partnerships are essential Active anticipation and avoidance of pollution and waste Elimination of environmental problems at their source Involves new practices, attitudes and management techniques and stimulates technical advances Pollution Control and Waste Management: One-off solutions to individual problems Processes result in waste materials for disposal in a pipeline with resources in and wastes out Solutions are developed by experts often in isolation Reactive responses to pollution and waste after they are created Pollutants are controlled by waste treatment equipment and methods Relies mainly on technical improvements to existing technology 1/31/2024 16 CP versus End-of-Pipe approach

17. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP and Pollution prevention Similarity: PP and CP emphasize environmental management through source reduction rather than pollution control methods Both process which continually evolve with the introduction of improved technology and innovative ideas 17

18. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP and Pollution prevention Difference: PP is an environmental management concept which can be applied to all sectors such as agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing, transportation, utilities etc.. while CP is a technique designed more s pecifically for sectors dealing with production processes like the manufacturing sector 18

19. Cleaner Production and Consumption Principles of Cleaner production Waste elimination and reduction – All types of waste produced must be eliminated/reduced Non-polluting productions- always aim ideal production process with zero waste production Energy efficiency system- aim at conservation of energy by maximizing the efficiency through energy conservation and energy reduction techniques 19

20. Cleaner Production and Consumption Principles of Cleaner production 1 . Waste elimination and reduction – All types of waste produced must be eliminated/reduced 2 . Non-polluting productions- always aim ideal production process with zero waste production 3 . Energy efficiency system- aim at conservation of energy by maximizing the efficiency through energy conservation and energy reduction techniques 20

21. Cleaner Production and Consumption Principles of Cleaner production 4 . Safe and healthy work environment- Strives to minimize risks of employee by making the workplace cleaner, safer and healthier environment 5 . Environmentally sound products- Production of final products with consideration of health and environmental safety. Usually apply LCA. 6 . Environmentally sound packaging- Minimize as possible or Use of environmental friendly materials such as those that degrade easily at a shorter time 21

22. Cleaner Production and Consumption Approaches of Cleaner production The precautionary approach - Potential polluters must prove that the materials/substances/activities will do no harm The preventive approach - Preventing pollution at source rather after it has been created 22

23. Cleaner Production and Consumption Approaches of Cleaner production Democratic control - all stakeholders of the company like workers, consumers and communities all have access to information and are involved in decision making Integrated and holistic approach - addressing all material as well as energy 23

24. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP m anagement p rocess/procedure 1. Plan and organize Obtain management commitment Seek approval for the necessary support including funds Establish objectives and a strategy for CP Identify potential barriers and solutions Set plant-wide goals Organize a project team 24

25. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 2. Assessment Use technical and historical data to view the inputs and outputs into the processes and products, material flow Identify sources waste, emissions and resources Identify waste/pollution causes and destinations Direct and indirect costs in producing the waste 25

26. The Industrial Process Heat Power The Energy Balances Cooling Raw Materials Products & Waste The Mass Balances 1/31/2024 26 Material and energy balances Sources and Resource Balances

27. The material and energy balances are not only used to identify the inputs and outputs of mass and energy but their economic significance is related to costs, such as: cost of energy losses cost of handling waste cost of transporting waste cost of solid wastes disposal cost of pollution charges and penalties 1/31/2024 27 Why are material and energy balances so important?

28. Process Management Planning & Information Systems Personnel Skills & Motivation Wastes & Emissions Choice & Quality of Input Materials Technical Status of Equipment Choice of Production Technology Process Efficiency Product Specifications 1/31/2024 28 Possible causes for waste generation

29. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 3 . Cleaner production options – identify options for implementations based on potentiality and fund availability. - Detail assessment is done on process and products to identify potential options 29

30. Creative Problem Solving (CPS): Find facts Identify the problem Generate ideas to solve the problems Define criteria to be used to select solutions/ideas   Screening of ideas / options: Select all ideas/options that may be implemented immediately The options/ideas should then be divided into three boxes : Good housekeeping Interesting options but more analysis is needed Waiting box + Rejected 1/31/2024 30 Procedure for Option generation

31. Weighted sum method to prioritise options in second group: What are the main benefits to be gained by implementing this option? Does the necessary technology exist to implement the option? How much does it cost? Does it appear to be cost-effective meriting in depth economic feasibility assessment? Can the option be implemented within a reasonable time-frame without disrupting production? 1/31/2024 31 Procedure for Option generation

32. 32 Formulate problem (problem identification) Define objective of the brainstorming session Follow the rules of brainstorming: Select a secretary to write down all ideas (The secretary can't take part in the idea generation) Select a group leader (the group leader shall control the four main rules to be followed) Close the idea generation after 30-40 minutes Procedure for Option generation Traditional brainstorming 1/31/2024

33. 33 Prevention of Waste generation: Good housekeeping Input substitution Better process control Equipment modification Technology change On-site recovery/reuse Production of a useful by-product Product modification CP Proactive environmental strategies

34. Process On-site Recovery/ Reuse Production of Useful By-Product Product Modification Equipment Modification Input Substitution Good Housekeeping Technology Change Better Process Control 1/31/2024 34 CPC assessment practices

35. A. Good housekeeping take appropriate managerial and operational actions to prevent: - leaks - spills to enforce existing operational instructions 1/31/2024 35 Cleaner Production & C practices

36. A. Good housekeeping Change management and administrative procedures Change operating practices Introduce better production and maintenance scheduling, handling and inventory practices to increase efficiency 1/31/2024 36 Cleaner Production & C practices

37. A. Good housekeeping Train operators Cover solvent tanks when not in use Segregate waste streams to avoid cross - contaminating hazardous and non hazardous materials. Improve control of operating conditions (e.g. flow rate, temperature, pressure, residence time, stoichiometry). 1/31/2024 37 Cleaner Production & C practices

38. A. Good housekeeping Purchasing in quantity can reduce costs and packaging material if care is taken to ensure that materials do not exceed their shelf life. Re evaluate shelf life characteristics to avoid unnecessary disposal of stable items 1/31/2024 38 Cleaner Production & C practices

39. A. Good housekeeping Turn off electrical equipment such as lights and copiers when not in use. Place equipment so as to minimize spills and losses during transport of parts or materials. 1/31/2024 39 Cleaner Production & C practices

40. B. Input substitution substitute input materials - by less toxic - or by renewable materials - or by adjunct materials which have a longer service life-time in production 1/31/2024 40 Cleaner Production & C practices

41. C. Better process control modify : operational procedures equipment instructions and process record keeping in order to run the processes more efficiently and at lower waste and emission generation rates 1/31/2024 41 Cleaner Production & C practices

42. D. Equipment modification modify the existing production equipment and utilities in order: run the processes at higher efficiency lower waste and emission generation rates 1/31/2024 42 Cleaner Production & C practices

43. E. Technology change replacement of: the technology processing sequence synthesis pathway in order to minimise waste and emission generation during production 1/31/2024 43 Cleaner Production & C practices

44. F. Technology change Modify equipment to reduce waste and emissions Use more automations Change process conditions e.g temperature, pressure Improve energy efficiency 1/31/2024 44 Cleaner Production & C practices

45. G. On-site recovery/reuse/recycling - reuse of the waste materials in the same process for another useful application within the company 1/31/2024 45 Cleaner Production & C practices

46. 46 On - site recycling Reactive environmental strategies

47. H . Production of a useful by-product consider transforming waste into a useful by-product, to be sold as input for companies in different business sectors. 1/31/2024 Cleaner Production & C practices

48. I. Product modification modify the product characteristics in order to: minimise the environmental impacts of the product during or after its use (disposal) minimise the environmental impacts of its production 1/31/2024 48 Cleaner Production & C practices

49. I. Product modification Can be done through : Reduction of hazardous raw materials Modification to Less generation of hazardous waste Buy purer materials Make raw material substitutions 1/31/2024 49 Cleaner Production & C practices

50. I. Product modification Can be done through….. : Improve quality standards of material used Change product composition Improve product durability Redesign products, use LCA 1/31/2024 50 Cleaner Production & C practices

51. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 4. Feasibility Studies – In this process, identified options are evaluated Preliminary evaluation Technical evaluation Economic evaluation Environmental evaluation Training, resources and management approval Selection of feasible options 51

52. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 5 . Implementation & Continuation Prepare a CPC implementation plan Implement feasible CPC measures Monitor CPC progress Sustain Cleaner Production and Consumption 52

53. The implementation of an industry/plant level programme requires: the commitment of top management a systematic approach to CPC in all aspects of the production and consumption processes 1/31/2024 53 Cleaner Production and Consumption

54. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 6. Monitor and evaluate Attitudes Against standards Environmental impact 54

55. Cleaner Production and Consumption CP Management Process 7. Review and reassess – Collect information needed for reviewing the reductions in environmental impacts and costs. 55

56. always reduces long-term liabilities which companies can face many years after pollution has been generated or disposed at a given site 1/31/2024 56 Properly implemented CPC :

57. usually increases profitability lowers production costs enhances productivity provides a rapid return on any capital or operating investments required increases product yield leads to the more efficient use of energy and raw materials 1/31/2024 57 Properly implemented CPC:

58. usually (continuation) results in improved product quality increases staff motivation relies on active worker participation in idea generation and implementation reduces consumer risks reduces the risk of environmental accidents is supported by employees, local communities, customers and the public 1/31/2024 58 Properly implemented CPC:

59. often avoids regulatory compliance costs leads to insurance savings provides enhanced access to capital from financial institutions and lenders is fast and easy to implement requires little capital investment 1/31/2024 59 Properly implemented CPC:

60. There are a number of pollution control measures that are applied only after wastes are generated. They are therefore, not correctly categorised as CPC practices . 1/31/2024 60 What is not CPC?

61. These include: Off-site recycling Transferring hazardous wastes Waste treatment Concentrating hazardous or toxic constituents to reduce volume Diluting constituents to reduce hazard or toxicity 1/31/2024 61 What is not CPC?

62.  Off-site recycling: Off-site recycling (e.g. solvent recovery at a central distillation facility) is an excellent waste management option . However, it does create pollution during transport and during the recycling procedure itself. 1/31/2024 62 Non-Pollution prevention examples

63. Waste treatment: Waste treatment involves changing the form or composition of a waste stream through controlled reactions to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant. 1/31/2024 63 Non-Pollution prevention examples

64. Waste treatment Contd …. Examples include detoxification, incineration, decomposition, stabilisation and solidification or encapsulation. 1/31/2024 64 Non-Pollution prevention examples

65. Concentrating hazardous or toxic constituents to reduce volume: Volume reduction operations ,such as dewatering, are useful treatment approaches, but they do not prevent the creation of pollutants. For example, pressure filtration and drying of a heavy metal sludge prior to disposal decreases the sludge water content and waste volume, but it does not decrease the number of heavy metal molecules in the sludge. 1/31/2024 65 Non-Pollution prevention examples

66. Diluting constituents to reduce hazard or toxicity: Dilution is applied to the waste stream after generation and does not reduce the absolute amount of hazardous constituents entering the environment. 1/31/2024 66 Non Pollution prevention examples

67. 67 Dilute & disperse Passive environmental strategies

68. Environmentally: Provides a reliable technique to eliminate and/or reduce emissions Address global environmental issues such as climate change and acid precipitation Aims to restore the natural environment, enhances the health and living standards through ensuring a safe habitat for all species 1/31/2024 68 Importance Cleaner Production and Consumption

69. Economically: Experiences with CP programs have proven that further environmental damage can be avoided in a cost-effective manner Majority of CP programs have actually saved money 1/31/2024 69 Importance Cleaner Production and Consumption

70. Financial benefit/advantages of cleaner production: Cost effectiveness Increased process efficiency I mproved product quality and enterprise competitiveness Cost of final treatment and disposal is minimized 1/31/2024 70 Cleaner Production and Consumption

71. Financial benefit/advantages of cleaner production: Usually a short Payback Period of only months Many low-cost options Quick to implement Improved cash flows Better access to capital and appeal to financial institutions Inherent preventive approach leads to insurance savings 1/31/2024 71 Cleaner Production and Consumption

72. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Reduction in operating costs Reducing material costs by adopting production and packaging procedures that consume fewer resources Waste management and disposal costs are reduced/avoided Efficiency measures such as production scheduling and equipment maintenance decrease production costs Savings in energy costs 1/31/2024 72 Cleaner Production and Consumption

73. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Reduction of ecological damage and p public health b enefits Air quality will increase as a result of reduction of pollutants entering the air Water and land will not be contaminated with pollutants which may potentially leak from waste generating, transporting, storage and disposal activities 1/31/2024 73 Cleaner Production and Consumption

74. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Improved company image CP programs can improve company image, both within and outside of its walls Employees react positively towards management since they are provided with a safe working environment Employees react positively towards management since they are included in the planning and implementation of the CP programs Surrounding communities and customers will also support the company since sustainability of the neighbourhood, the heathy and safety of the people has been favoured 1/31/2024 74 Cleaner Production and Consumption

75. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Improvements in: Productivity and competitiveness Environmental management systems and continuous improvement Environmental leadership Environmental accounting 1/31/2024 75 Cleaner Production and Consumption

76. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Reduced manpower and equipment requirements for on-site pollution control and treatment, Less waste storage space, freeing more space for production, Less pre-treatment and packaging prior to disposal Smaller quantities treated, with possible shift from treatment, storage and disposal ( TSD) facility to non - TSD status 1/31/2024 76 Cleaner Production and Consumption

77. Benefits of cleaner production for industry: Less need to transport for disposal Lower waste production taxes Reduced paperwork and record - keeping requirements, e.g. less Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting when TRI - listed chemicals are eliminated 1/31/2024 77 Cleaner Production and Consumption

78. 78 Improving environmental situation Increasing economic benefits Increasing productivity Gaining competitive advantage Continuous environmental improvement What are the benefits of Cleaner Production and Consumption? 1/31/2024

79. Barriers for CP implementation: Resistance to change by individuals on established processes and methods Many are under the impression that CP programs will actually cost more than existing practices Uncertainty weather customers will accept the changes in implementing CP program Sometime, other projects are given more priorities than CP programs Difficulty in accessing cleaner technologies Difficulty in accessing external finance 79 Cleaner Production and Consumption

80. Barriers for CP implementation: Lack of information and expertise Low environmental awareness Competing business priorities, in particular, the pressure for short- term profits Financial obstacles Lack of communication in firms Management support 80 Cleaner Production and Consumption

81. 81 Managers, engineers and finance staff in industry and commerce , in particular those responsible for business strategy, product development, plant operations and finance Government officials , both central and regional, who play an important role in promoting CPC Media representatives who play an important role in disseminating information on good environmental practice Team for CPC success 1/31/2024

82. Applying favourable regulations Provision of supporting economic instruments such as soft loans from Financial institutions Seeking external assistance International trade incentives Provide education and training Enhance buyer – supplier relations 1/31/2024 82 How can governments promote CPC?

83. CPC is closely linked to: Environmental Management Systems Total Quality Management Health and Safety Management 1/31/2024 83 Broader Application of CPC