Climate change

Climate change,pollution ,global warming,floods,green house effect

1. CLIMATE CHANGE Submitted to:- Dr. Ashun Chaudhary Prepared by:- UDAYPAL Roll No :- CUHP20PLS30

2. Contents Introduction Global climate change Causes of climate change Green house effect Global warming Effect of climate change Strategies

3. Introduction First of all, you should know that weather and climate are not the same thing.

4. Weather vs. Climate Weather:- It is temporary condition of the atmosphere at a place. Short term Limited area Can change rapidly Difficult to predict

5. Climate Climate:- It is the ovrall average weather at a place over a period of time. Long term Wide area Seasonal changes Measured over long spans of time

6. Global climate change Identifiable change in the climate of earth as a whole that lasts for an extended period of time (decades or longer) When due to natural processes, it is usually referred to as global climate variabiity. Usually refers to changes forced by human activities that change the atmosphere. The world climate is changing , and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Human actions have been primary cause of the climate changes observed today.

7. Causes of climate change Natural causes:- Volcanic eruptions Ocean currents Earth orbital changes Solar variation

8. Natural factors Volcanic eruptions:- When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphurdioxide(SO2), watervapour, dust and ash into the atmosphere. Ocean current :- The ocean current are a major component of the climate system. ocean currents move vast amount of heat across the planet.

9. Continued Earth orbital changes The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. it is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degree to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path. Changes in the tilt of the earth can lead o small but climatically important changes in the strength of the seasons. Forest fires A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area.

10. Human causes Green house gases Deforestation Coal mining Burning of fossil fuels Industrial processes Agriculture

11. Artificial factors Human activities There is strong evidence that the climate change over the last half century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossils fuels and including agriculture and deforestation. Solar radiations 51% of solar radiation absorb by earth. 20% scattered by the clouds 19% absorb by clouds and the atmosphere and 6% scattered by atmosphere , 4% reflected by surface.

12. Greenhouse effect The green house effect is when the temprature goes up , on the earth, since the sun heat and light energy is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere. While the heat from the sun enters our atmosphere, the heat has trouble leaving back our atmosphere. Emission of green house gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs. Increase in the global average surface temprature. Green house effect, contributing to global warming.

13. carbon dioxide In the distant past, the earth was much warmer . High levels of CO2 in the atmosphere fueled lush growth, some of which was stored in the form of fossil fuels. CO2 in earths atmosphere has risen by about 30% since the beigning of the industrial revolution. Most of the increase is due to the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases the long stored CO2 back into the atmosphere.

14. Methane Methane is released by coal mining, landfills, and by agriculture, particularly through the digestive processes of beef and milk cows.

15. Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide is produced by cars, by fossil fuels used for heat and electricity, and by agriculture.

16. Global warming Global waring is the increase of earths average surface temprature due to effect of green house gases. More recently , the temprature have been rising causing dangers for people , animals ,plants and our environment.

17. Effects of global warming Sea level rising Global temprature is rising Health risk . Melting polar icebergs and glaciers. Arctic sea ice loss.

18. ozone depletion Ozone(O3) a gas compound of three atoms of oxygen. It is bluish gas that is harmful to breathe. Nearly 90% of earths ozone is in the stratosphere and referred to as the ozone layer . Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radition called UVB.

19. causes of ozone depletion Man made cause Chlorofluorocarbons Halons Methylchloroform Hydrofluorocarbons Natural causes

20. ozone layer depletion Ozone layer depletion, is simply the reduction of ozone in the stratosphere. unlike pollution, which has been pinned down to one major human activity. Industries that manufacture things like insulating foams, solvents, soaps, cooling things like air condtioners, refrigerators and take away containers use something called chloroflurocarbons (CFCs). Depletion begins when CFCs get into atmosphere . Ultra violet radiation from a sun break up these CFCs.the breaking up action releases chlorine atoms.Chlorine atoms react with ozone, starting a chemical cycle that destroys the good ozone in that area. one chlorine atom can break apart more than 100,000 ozone molecules.

21. Impacts of ozone depletion Harm to human health Adverse impact on agriculture Effects on plants Effect on animals Effect on materials

22. Prevention Use ecofriendly household cleaning produts. Avoid using pesticides. Banning the use of dangerous nitrous oxide. Limit private vehicle driving. International measures:- Montereal protocoal signed in 1987. Comprise of 189 countries now to reduce CFC substances. National level measures:- Singapore banned use of CFC product in 1991

23. Effect of climate change Rise in sea level Global warming Acid rain Heavy rainfall across the globe Extreme drought Decline in productivities Ecosysystem are changing Hurricanes Rise in temprature

24. Strategies & recommendation What can be done ? First we must admit the clmate change is everyone’s problem . no agency, government or scientist can fix it for us. we are all in this together.

25. Continued Reduce emissions of greenhouses gases. Attempt to develop alternatives energies. Conservation of natural resources. Allow emission to continue, but prepare for global climate changes. Come up with your own unique plan beneficiary to future also. Less deforestation and more planting. Reduce waste through recycling.