Climate Change A Big Challenge

I had read about climate change and its affects on our life in last days. On the behalf of my reading, i have prepared a presentation on it.

1. Climate Change: A Big Challenge Presented by:- Vikas Kumar 2 nd year student of B.Sc(Agriculture) Gochar Mahavidyalya, Rampur Maniharan, Saharanpur (UP.)

2. Introduction :- Climate change is the current rapid warming of the Earth's climate caused by human activity. If i t left unchecked (and current responses are down countinuously) it poses and unprecented threat to human civilization and ecosystems on this planet .

3. There are natural flactuations in climate but scientists says that temperatures are now rising faster than other times. What is climate change? Solar energy radiating back to space from the Earth surface but in the way it is absorbed by green house gases and re-emitted in all directions. This heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface of the planet .

4. Scientists believed that we are adding more and more gases released from industries to green house effect. This is known as Climate change or Global warming. “Climate Change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an longer period of time.” In the other words, “Climate Change includes major changes in temperatures, precipitation or wind patterns among other effects that occurs over several loger period of time.”

5. What are the main effects of Climate changes? Climate change has made a huge effect on the whole world. But there are some main effect s of climate change:- (1). Temperatures are rising world wide due to green house gases. (2). Tropical stroms are becoming more severe due to warmer ocean water temperatures. (3). Glaciers are melting faster.

6. (4). Droughts are becoming longer and more severe around the whole world. (5). Due rising in temperatures snow in mountains and polar regions are melting faster. (6). Sea ice in Arctic Ocean is melting faster due to rising temperatures. (7). Releasing methane a powerful greenhouse gase, melt the Permafrost. (8). Sea levels are rising, threatening coastal communities and esturanie ecosystems.

7. Causes of Climate Change There are many 'natural' and 'anthropogenic' (human-induced) factors that contribute to climate change. Human activity has increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphre since the industrial revolution, leading more heat retention and an increase in surface temperatures. Finally , land use changes, such as deforestation have led to changes in the amount of sunlight reflected from ground back into space(surface albedo).

8. Human Causes There are following some of the biggest human causes of climate change:- (1). Greenhouse gas emission:- Green house gas emission is a major human causes of climate change and their sources include transportation, electricity production, burning fossil fuel in industries, commercial and residental application, agriculture and land use. These gases are - Corbon-di-oxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitros oxide (NO2), Chloroflurocarbons (CFC), Sulphur hexachloride etc.

9. (2). Deforestation :- Deforestation is one of the major human causes of Climate change, trees captures green houses gases such CO2, preventing them to accumulate on the biosphere. Most forest are cutting for making space for agriculture, buildings, industries and other human activities. Deforestation also leades to change in the land scape and earth's reflectivity.

10. (3). Agriculture :- Food is the basic need of human but it causes to climate change due to its various processes to produce the food. So, Agriculture is one of the most common human causes of climate change through emissions of gases and transformations of forests land to acriculture land.

11. The modern agriculture practices and methods using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, which are big contributors of greenhouse gases emissions. In livestock, ruminant animals digest their food by ecentric fermentation, resulting methane production, substanial methane emissions from rice field are main factors of agriculture causing climate change.

12. (4). Industrialization :- Although industrial revolution or industrialization has made the improved living standards in various aspects but it is also associated with adverse environment effects that causes climate change. Manufacturing involves use of large amounts of power and natural resources and always linked to direct emissions of greenhouse gases. Industrialization increases the use of fossils fuels leading to climate change.

13. Does climate change have natural causes? The Earth's climate can be affected by natural factors such as changes in volcanic activity, solar radiation and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. O rbital changes causes the climate fluctuations over thousands of years.

14. Effects of climate change on Agriculture Agriculture is totally depend on the climate. Increasing temperature and CO2 can increase some crop yields but there will be same increasing in nutrients lavel , soil quality, water availability and other conditions as well. Changes in the frequency of droughts and floods will be challenge for farmers and threatens of food security. Livestock, Poultry, Fisheries and another commodities will also affect by Climate change.

15. Overall, climmate change make it more difficult to grow crops, raising animals and another commodities in the same way. Climate change lead to and increase in the pest polulations and new races of pathogens could occurs of harmful diases. A 2008 study suggested that due to climate change Southern Africa could lose , more than 30% of its main crops by 2030. In South Aisa lose of many regional staples such as rice, millets upto 10%.

16. What we expect to happen now? This depend on what we do now, because of all the greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere. If we are emitting gases continually at the rate which we are today, then it will heat more rapidly. Extreme weather events will become more common; ecosystems, human activities, Agriculture, water requirement will become under stress.

17. COVID-19 effect on climate change The COVID-19 pandemic is wreaking havoc to across the globe. This pandemic causing a global health crisis and forcing to the countries to shut down themselves and their economy totally disturbed due to strict quarantine. However, the outbreak has affected the millions of peoples but at the same time it affected to environment in a charming way.

18. The CO2 emission and human activity have been reduced , by which air quality has been improved, even wild animals have come out of jungle and explored in cities in last few days. Scientists have confirmed that air quality has been improved and largest hole in ozone layer upon arctic region healed itself in recent days of lockdown. As industries, aviation(airplane flights) transportation stopped; air pollution has reduced.

19.   Reduced Air pollution in recent days of lockdown; Sources- NASA Climate Agency In the long term, the COVID-19 pandemic will give a lesson to us related to environmental Action. In addition, as our governments, private institutions and even social media will have to possibly feel that we are more capable to tackling other issues to climate change.

20. Conclusion In conclusion, we need to take part and try to stop global warming and other effects on climate change. If the Earth's temperatures continue to rise in the future, living things on the Earth would become extinct due to high temperatures. If everybody takes a stand and try to understand that effects of climate change in future, than this world would be safer place to live here.

21. All countries globally must recognize climate change as a global future problem and takes action on it favorably. Many Students and children across the world are protesting to their governments for implement a law for climate change, for making a best future for us and our generations also. References:- Some topic are prepared by the help of some Government, News and astrological online websites. I’m also a human, thats mistake may be found in my presentation, so your kindly suggestions are respectively invited. . -Vikas Kumar

22. Thank You