Climate Change Impacts on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems.pptx

Climate Change Impacts on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems

1. Climate Change Impacts on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems Prepared by: Diari Ali Ahmed College of science Biology department Post graduate- High high Diploma Ecology

2. Outlines Climate Change Why is it important to study ecosystem ? Impacts of Climate Change on Terrestrial Ecosystem Aquatic Ecosystem Effects of Climate change of Aquatic ecosystems Conclusion

3. Climate Change:  is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates over a long period of time One component of climate change is global warming , the long-term heating of Earth due to greenhouse emissions. Climate Change

4. Greenhouse gases (also known as GHGs) are gases in the earth's atmosphere that trap heat. During the day. What is the greenhouse effect ? the sun shines through the atmosphere, warming the earth's surface. At night the earth's surface cools, releasing heat back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

5. An ecosystem is a group of organisms and non-living components linked by processes of energy transfer and cycling of components Why is it important to study ecosystem? unless we understand the links, we cannot limit damage, conserve or restore. This emphasises that the study of ecosystems is a core part of biological science

6. The type of ecosystems which are predominantly found on land are called the terrestrial ecosystems . What is a Terrestrial Ecosystem ? Terrestrial ecosystems cover approximately 140 to 150 million km 2 , which is about 25 to 30 percent of the total earth surface area.

7. Types Of Terrestrial Ecosystems Forest Grasslands Tundra Desert

8. Impacts of Climate Changes Climate change has profound and multifaceted impacts on forests worldwide . Here are some key aspects of how climate change affects these critical ecosystems: Temperature Increases Increased Frequency and Severity of Wildfires Carbon Sequestration and Storage Altered Precipitation Patterns

9. Impacts of Climate Change on grassland Increasingly severe and frequent droughts, floods, fires, and hurricanes are likely to affect grassland ecosystems. Drought exacerbates soil erosion and aquifer depletion. Greater variability in precipitation will favor more frequent fires, which can reduce encroachment of woody plants into grasslands

10. tundra The tundra biome is the coldest of all the forest regions. The region has a minimal amount of vegetation, with trees The tundra biome also receives very little rainfall or precipitation, moulding the land with frost.

11. Recent human impact on the tundra has been damaging and disruptive. The delicate, small plants that grow on the tundra are very easily disturbed. Some tundra plants grow extremely slowly, and because of the already short growing season, these plants have a very hard time recovering from disturbance . Increase temperatures are experiencing more rapid warming than other regions. This leads to a variety of cascading effects on the flora, fauna, and overall ecosystem.

12. Climate change effects on desert ecosystems Deserts have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystems to global climate change. Example keystone endemic plant of the Namib Desert (Welwitschia mirabilis), for which displacement and reduction of suitable climate has been foreseen under future conditions.

13. Aquatic Ecosystem An aquatic ecosystem is a community of organisms and the physical environment they inhabit in a water environment.  Examples of aquatic ecosystem include oceans , lakes , rivers , int ertidal zone , reefs , seabed and ponds

14. Effects of Climate change of Aquatic ecosystems Make more difficult to access safe drinking water, especially for the most vulnerable children . Around 74 percent of natural disasters between 2001 and 2018 were water-related, including droughts and floods . Around 450 million children live in areas of high or extremely high water vulnerability. This means they do not have enough water to meet their everyday needs. 

15. 4 . Climate change exacerbates water stress – areas of extremely limited water resources – leading to increased competition for water, even conflict. 5. Rising sea levels are causing fresh water to become salty, compromising the water resources millions of people rely on.

16. The climate change influences both marine as well as freshwater ecosystems: 1. Marine Ecosystem : Climate change can impact on marine ecosystems through ocean warming, by increasing thermal stratification and reducing upwelling sea level rise and through increase in wave height and frequency, loss of sea ice, increased risk of diseases in marine biota and decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration of the surface oceans.

17. 2. Freshwater Ecosystem Climate change impact on inland aquatic ecosystems will range from the direct effects of the rise in temperature and carbon dioxide concentration To indirect effects through alterations in the hydrology resulting from the changes in the regional or global precipitation regimes and the melting of glaciers and ice cover

18. Rapid climate change has many negative implications for the biodiversity of rivers and streams . Climate change may cause extension at several taxonomic levels.

19. CLIMATE CHANGE AND AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity: describes the range of living organisms in a given area considering the variety of life forms Life forms within an ecosystem vary in their size and shape from the simplest unicellular prokaryote to the more complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms The climate change has a huge impact on biodiversity and farmers' practice

20. affect of Climate Change

21. Current Temperate grasses Grasslands Deserts Savanna Tropical seasonal forests Tropical moist forest Wetland, mangrove etc Agricultural land Ice Tundra Boreal forests 2 x CO 2 Climate change Restricted distributions, esp. northern hemisphere Climate change and forests: impacts (long term)

22. Conclusion The changes in climatic factors have a huge impact on the biodiversity of a region. Factors such as increasing temperatures and rising sea levels have impacted the marine and terrestrial ecosystems hugely leading to extinction of various species and many species have been categorized as vulnerable or are at point of being declared extinct. Factors such as deforestation, large scale development and construction like dams and other big developmental projects, clearing of forest land for agriculture and other non- agricultural uses have significantly impacted the biodiversity. The protection of biodiversity becomes crucial in present time. It is therefore important to understand the impacts of climate change on the biodiversity and mitigation strategies should be undertaken to reduce the damage caused by adverse effects of climatic change on biodiversity.

23. REFERENCES 1. Comparing the impacts of climate change on the responses and linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 2. Climate change effects on desert ecosystems: A case study on the keystone species of the Namib Desert Welwitschia mirabilis 3. https ://www.unicef.org/parenting/talking-your-child-about-climate-change?gclid=Cj0KCQiA6vaqBhCbARIsACF9M6llmk2gshD9NN9oWR1CbVVTUihUv6cUTkw1CLSOog1FntR6fISk4RMaAqAdEALw_wcB 4. https ://www.globalgiving.org/learn/cost-to-end-climate-change/ 5. https ://byjus.com/biology/terrestrial-ecosystem/ 6. https ://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/nature-based-solutions/future-impacts-of-climate-change-on-forests 7. https ://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/grasslands-and-climate-change#:~:text=Increasingly%20severe%20and%20frequent%20droughts,plants%20into%20grasslands%5B17%5D . 8. https ://byjus.com/biology/aquatic-ecosystem/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20aquatic%20ecosystem%20include,reefs%2C%20seabed%20and%20so%20on . 9. https ://www.unicef.org/stories/water-and-climate-change-10-things-you-should-know?gclid=CjwKCAiAsIGrBhAAEiwAEzMlCygiTXOPpRHJoyzUBjxai9UMktvtUg6if_BOqXxsqeoG_lV4VHmJlBoCuQUQAvD_BwE