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1. Climate Factors Affecting Climate

2. Weather- refers to the day-to-day atmospheric conditions, which include temperature, precipitation, and humidity. Climate- is the average weather condition prevailing in a given area over a longer period of time. The climate in particular area is determined by different factors: distance from the equator, prevailing winds, altitude, and distance from the sea.

3. Factors Affecting Climate 1. Latitude - This is the distance from the equator. The closer the region is to the equator, the more energy it receives from the sun. (hotter or high temperature climate). This also means that regions farther from the equator receive less light and energy (cooler or lower temperature climate).

4. 2. Prevailing Winds - These refer to the wind direction a particular area or region experiences most frequently. There are five major wind zones: polar easterlies, westerlies , horse latitudes, trade winds and doldrums.

5. Polar easterlies( also called the polar Hadley cells)- These are dry, cold winds that blow from the high pressure areas of pollar highs located between 60° and 90° latitude of the northern and southern poles. Westerlies - These are winds that blow from west going east in the middle latitudes (between 30° 60°) in both northern and southern hemisphere.

6. Trade Winds- These are winds that blow from east to west near the equator. Doldrums- These usually happen near the equator with light ocean currents and winds. The word doldrums was a term used by sailors wherein ships tend to get stuck on windless waters; it can also mean depression or despondency.

7. 3 . Altitude or height above sea level - Altitude also affects the climate in particular region or place. Elevated or higher places are found to have colder temperatures than those found at the ground level. 4. Distance from the sea - Oceans and seas heat up and cool down longer than land. Thisn means that places near coastal areas tend to be cooler in summer and also in warmer or hotter during winter than in other places of the same altitude.

8. Wladimir Peter Koppen is best known for his climate classification scheme. He divided the world’s climates into five categories. The categories are based on temperature, the amount of precipitation, and the times the precipitation usually occurs in a year.

9. Types of Climate Tropical Climate - re found in places near or the equator. The temperature averanges above 18°C year round. Tropical climate has generally two seasons- dry and wet . Dry climate - involve very hot summers with seldom rains or precipitation. This climate is common to places or areas that are arid or semiarid. Dry climates are commonly found in Western North America, Australia, South America, and many parts in Asia.

10. 3. Temperate Climate- are characterized by moderate rainfall across the year, warm summers, and cool winters. This climate is common to places or regions found in the middle latitudes. 4. Continental Climate- include variation of temperature year round: hot summers, cold winters, and a small amount of rainfall. Places that experience continental climate i9ncludes North America, Central Russia and Siberia.

11. 5. Polar Climate - This climate is characterized by cool summers and very cold winters. The temperature is so cold that a layer of permanently frozen ground called permafrost is formed underneath the layer of soil.