Clinical feature of ant. pituitary gland

Physiology

1. APPLIED ASPECT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND NUR IZZATUL NAJWA BINTI SHARUPUDDIN 082015100036

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE AT THE END OF THIS SEMINAR, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO : KNOW THE APPLIED ASPECT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND LIST THE CAUSES OF HYPERACTIVITY AND HYPOACTIVITY 0F ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND LIST THE SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERACTIVITY AND HYPOACTIVITY 0F ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

3. HYPERACTIVITY HYPOACTIVITY Gigantism Dwarfism Acromegaly Acromicria INTRODUCTION

4. GIGANTISM Excess growth of body Average height is approximately 7 – 8 feet Causes : Tumor of acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary Excessive growth hormone secretion

5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Huge stature : 7 or 8 feet height Hyperglycemia , develop glycosuria , pituitary diabetes mellitus Headache due to tumor of pituitary Visual disturbances Gigantism ends in hypopituitarism (burning of cells of anterior pituitary )

6. ACROMEGALY Anterior pituitary disorder characterized by: Enlargement, thickening, and broadening of bones Particularly extremities of the body Causes Adenomatous tumor of anterior pituitary involving the acidophilic cells. Excess GH after fusion of epiphysis with shaft of bone

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Striking features are protrusion of : Supraorbital ridges Broadening of nose Thickening of lips Thickening and wrinkles formation on forehead P rognathism Kyphosis : enlargement of hands and feet with bowing spine Hypertrichosis Visceral organs are enlarged

8. Thyroid , parathyroid and adrenal glands shows hyperactivity Hyperglycemia and glucosuria Hypertension Headache Visual disturbance – Bitemporal hemianopia SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

9. DWARFISM Pituitary disorder in children characterized by stunted growth

10. Causes: Reduction in the GH in infancy or early childhood : Tumor of chromophobes : nonfunctioning tumor , compresses and destroys the normal cells Atrophy of acidophilic cells in the adenohypophysis Deficiency of GH releasing hormone from hypothalamus Deficiency of Somatomedin – C Panhypopituitarism

11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Stunted skeletal growth Maximum height approximately 3 feet Head becomes slightly larger in relation of body Normal mental activity

12. Acromicria Rare disease in adults characterized by the atrophy of the extremities of the body

13. Causes of Acromicria Deficiency of GH in adults Secretion of GH decreases in the following conditions: Deficiency of GH releasing hormone Atrophy of acidophilic cells in the anterior pituitary Tumor of chromophobes Panhypopituitarism

14. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Atrophy and thinning of extremities (major symptoms ) Associated with hypothyroidism Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormone Person becomes lethargic and obese Loss of sexual function

15. SUMMARY

16. REFERENCE BD CHAURASIA 25 TH EDITION GUYTON AND HALL MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, ASIAN SOUTH EDITION