Cloud Computing Fundamentals, Four Cloud Deployment Models

Motivation for Cloud Computing
The Need for Cloud Computing
Defining Cloud Computing
Definition of Cloud computing
Cloud Computing Is a Service
Cloud Computing Is a Platform
Principles of Cloud computing
Five Essential Characteristics
Four Cloud Deployment Models

1. CLOUD COMPUTING (4 Year – 1 Sem) Prepared By Dr. B.Rajalingam Associate Professor & HOD Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (AI&DS) St. Martin’s Engineering College

2. Unit-1 : Computing Paradigms High-Performance Computing Parallel Computing Distributed Computing Cluster Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing Bio computing Mobile Computing Quantum Computing Optical Computing Nano computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 2

3. Unit-2: Cloud Computing Fundamentals Motivation for Cloud Computing The Need for Cloud Computing Defining Cloud Computing Definition of Cloud computing Cloud Computing Is a Service Cloud Computing Is a Platform Principles of Cloud computing Five Essential Characteristics Four Cloud Deployment Models CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 3

4. Unit-3: Cloud Computing Architecture and Management Cloud architecture, Layer Anatomy of the Cloud Network Connectivity in Cloud Computing Applications on the Cloud Managing the Cloud Managing the Cloud Infrastructure Managing the Cloud application Migrating Application to Cloud Phases of Cloud Migration Approaches for Cloud Migration CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 4

5. Unit-4: Cloud Service Models Infrastructure as a Service: Characteristics of IaaS Suitability of IaaS Pros and Cons of IaaS Summary of IaaS Providers Platform as a Service: Characteristics of PaaS Suitability of PaaS Pros and Cons of PaaS Summary of PaaS Providers Software as a Service: Characteristics of SaaS Suitability of SaaS Pros and Cons of SaaS Summary of SaaS Providers Other Cloud Service Models CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 5

6. Unit-5: Cloud Service Providers EMC: EMC IT Captiva Cloud Toolkit Google: Cloud Platform Cloud Storage Google Cloud Connect Google Cloud Print Google App Engine Amazon Web Services: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud Amazon Simple Storage Service Amazon Simple Queue Service Microsoft: Windows Azure Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit SharePoint, IBM: Cloud Models IBM Smart Cloud SAP Labs: SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Virtualization Services Provided by SAP Sales force: Sales Cloud Service Cloud: Knowledge as a Service Rack space VMware, Manjra soft, Aneka Platform CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 6

7. UNIT 2 Cloud Computing Fundamentals CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 7

8. Cloud Computing Fundamentals Motivation for Cloud Computing The Need for Cloud Computing Defining Cloud Computing Cloud Computing Is a Service Cloud Computing Is a Platform Principles of Cloud computing Five Essential Characteristics Four Cloud Deployment Models CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 8

9. Cloud Computing Cloud is defined as the usage of someone else’s server to host, process or store data. Cloud computing is defined as the type of computing where it is the delivery of on-demand computing services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. It is widely distributed, network-based and used for storage. There type of cloud are public, private, hybrid and community and some cloud providers are Google cloud, AWS, Microsoft Azure and IBM cloud. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 9

10. What is cloud computing? C loud computing is the delivery of computing services - including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence - over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. You typically pay only for cloud services you use, helping lower your operating costs, run your infrastructure more efficiently and scale as your business needs change. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 10

11. Cloud Computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 11

12. Benefits of cloud computing Cost Cloud computing eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware and software and setting up and running on-site data centers —the racks of servers, the round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling, the IT experts for managing the infrastructure. Speed Most cloud computing services are provided self service and on demand, so even vast amounts of computing resources can be provisioned in minutes, typically with just a few mouse clicks, giving businesses a lot of flexibility and taking the pressure off capacity planning. Global scale The benefits of cloud computing services include the ability to scale elastically. In cloud speak, that means delivering the right amount of IT resources—for example, more or less computing power, storage, bandwidth—right when it is needed and from the right geographic location. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 12

13. Benefits of cloud computing(Cont..) Productivity On-site datacenters typically require a lot of “racking and stacking”—hardware setup, software patching, and other time-consuming IT management chores. Cloud computing removes the need for many of these tasks, so IT teams can spend time on achieving more important business goals. Performance The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure datacenters , which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation of fast and efficient computing hardware. Reliability Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery and business continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at multiple redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network. Security Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies and controls that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data, apps and infrastructure from potential threats. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 13

14. Types of cloud computing Public cloud Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. Microsoft Azure is an example of a public cloud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account using a web browser. Private cloud A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organisation. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site data center . Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud. A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network. Hybrid cloud Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options and helps optimise your existing infrastructure, security and compliance. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 14

15. Types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, serverless and SaaS Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) The most basic category of cloud computing services. With IaaS, you rent IT infrastructure - servers and virtual machines (VMs), storage, networks, operating systems - from a cloud provider on a pay-as-you-go basis. Platform as a service (PaaS) Platform as a service refers to cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering and managing software applications. PaaS is designed to make it easier for developers to quickly create web or mobile apps, without worrying about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, network and databases needed for development. Software as a service (SaaS) Software as a service is a method for delivering software applications over the Internet, on demand and typically on a subscription basis. With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure and handle any maintenance, like software upgrades and security patching. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 15

16. Uses of cloud computing Create cloud-native applications Quickly build, deploy and scale applications—web, mobile and API. Take advantage of cloud-native technologies and approaches, such as containers, Kubernetes, microservices architecture, API-driven communication and DevOps. Test and build applications Reduce application development cost and time by using cloud infrastructures that can easily be scaled up or down. Store, back up and recover data Protect your data more cost-efficiently—and at massive scale—by transferring your data over the Internet to an offsite cloud storage system that is accessible from any location and any device. Analyse data Unify your data across teams, divisions and locations in the cloud. Then use cloud services, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, to uncover insights for more informed decisions. Stream audio and video Connect with your audience anywhere, anytime, on any device with high-definition video and audio with global distribution. Embed intelligence Use intelligent models to help engage customers and provide valuable insights from the data captured. Deliver software on demand Also known as software as a service (SaaS), on-demand software lets you offer the latest software versions and updates around to customers—anytime they need, anywhere they are. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 16

17. Motivation for Cloud Computing 1. Cost Efficiency Reduced Capital Expenditure: Cloud computing eliminates the need for large upfront investments in hardware and software. Operational Cost Savings: Lower operational costs as maintenance, upgrades, and infrastructure management are handled by the cloud provider. 2. Scalability and Flexibility On-Demand Resources: Easily scale resources up or down based on demand without over-provisioning or under-utilizing resources. Global Reach: Access to a vast network of data centers worldwide allows organizations to deploy services closer to their customers, improving performance and user experience. 3. Focus on Core Business Activities Reduced IT Management : By offloading infrastructure management to the cloud provider, organizations can focus more on their core business activities and innovation. Rapid Deployment: Speed up the deployment of new applications and services, reducing time-to-market. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 17

18. 4. Enhanced Collaboration and Accessibility Anywhere, Anytime Access: Cloud services are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, promoting remote work and collaboration. Real-Time Collaboration: Tools and applications that facilitate real-time collaboration and sharing among team members.  5. Security and Compliance Advanced Security Features: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures, including encryption, identity management, and regular security audits. Compliance: Many cloud providers offer services that help organizations meet regulatory and compliance requirements more easily. 6. Reliability and Business Continuity High Availability: Cloud providers offer robust infrastructure with high availability, ensuring services remain operational even during outages. Disaster Recovery: Built-in disaster recovery solutions and backup services enhance business continuity and minimize downtime. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 18

19. 7. Innovation and Competitive Advantage Access to Latest Technologies: Cloud computing provides access to cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics, enabling organizations to innovate and stay competitive. Rapid Experimentation: The ability to quickly prototype and test new ideas without significant investment in infrastructure.  8. Environmental Benefits Energy Efficiency: Cloud data centers are typically more energy-efficient than traditional on-premises data centers , leading to reduced carbon footprints. Resource Optimization: Cloud providers optimize resource use, leading to more sustainable operations. 9. Integration and Ecosystem Seamless Integration: Cloud platforms offer integration with a wide range of services and applications, enhancing functionality and interoperability. Vast Ecosystem: Access to a broad ecosystem of third-party applications, services, and APIs that can extend and enhance core capabilities. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 19

20. 2. The Need for Cloud Computing 1. Cost Management Reduced Capital Expenditure: Cloud computing allows organizations to avoid the high upfront costs of purchasing and maintaining hardware and software. Economies of Scale: Cloud providers operate large data centers and can achieve economies of scale, passing on cost savings to customers. 2. Scalability and Flexibility Elastic Resources: Businesses experience fluctuating demands for computing resources. Cloud computing provides the ability to scale resources up or down as needed, ensuring that organizations can handle peak loads without over-investing in infrastructure. Global Reach: Cloud services enable organizations to deploy applications and services worldwide, reaching a broader audience without the need for physical presence in multiple locations. 3. Focus on Core Business Reduced IT Overhead: By outsourcing infrastructure management to cloud providers, organizations can focus more on their core business activities and strategic goals rather than IT maintenance. Rapid Deployment: Cloud computing allows for quick deployment of applications and services, accelerating time-to-market and fostering innovation. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 20

21. 4. Collaboration and Mobility ** Access Anywhere**: Cloud services can be accessed from any device with an internet connection, facilitating remote work and enhancing productivity. ** Real-Time Collaboration**: Tools and applications hosted in the cloud enable real-time collaboration among team members, regardless of their physical location. 5. **Security and Compliance** ** Advanced Security**: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures, including encryption, firewalls, and identity management, which many organizations might find challenging to implement on their own. **Regulatory Compliance**: Many cloud providers offer services and features that help organizations comply with industry regulations and standards. 6. **Reliability and Business Continuity** **High Availability**: Cloud providers offer highly reliable services with robust infrastructure, ensuring minimal downtime and consistent performance. **Disaster Recovery** : Cloud solutions include disaster recovery and backup options, helping organizations maintain business continuity in the event of a disruption.  CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 21

22. 7. **Innovation and Competitive Advantage** - **Access to Cutting-Edge Technologies**: Cloud platforms offer advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, and IoT , enabling organizations to innovate and maintain a competitive edge. - **Rapid Prototyping**: Cloud services facilitate quick prototyping and testing of new ideas, allowing businesses to experiment and innovate with reduced risk. 8. **Environmental Sustainability** - **Energy Efficiency* *: Cloud data centers are designed to be energy-efficient, reducing the overall environmental impact compared to traditional on-premises data centers. - ** Optimized Resource Use**: Cloud providers optimize the use of computing resources, leading to more sustainable and efficient operations. 9. **Integration and Ecosystem** - **Seamless Integration**: Cloud platforms offer integration capabilities with a wide range of applications and services, enhancing functionality and enabling businesses to create comprehensive solutions. - ** Ecosystem Access**: Businesses can leverage the vast ecosystem of third-party applications, tools, and services available in the cloud to extend their capabilities. 10. **Enhanced User Experience** - ** Performance**: Cloud services often provide better performance through distributed data centers and content delivery networks (CDNs), improving user experience. - ** Availability**: Cloud services are designed to be highly available, ensuring that applications and services are accessible when needed. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 22

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24. What is cloud computing? CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 24 Every business needs some sort of IT infrastructure. Think about the many different types of files that employees need to access. The large amounts of data stored in databases. The email and other software that needs to be installed on company devices. In the past, companies managed the hardware and software behind their servers, databases, and networks in a physical data center. Cloud computing changed all of this. By delivering computing services like software, analytics, servers, storage, and more, over the Internet, cloud services like AWS (Amazon Web Services) save businesses the time, money, and other resources they’d otherwise dedicate to maintaining their IT infrastructure.

25. Motivation for Cloud Computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 25 Scalability Cost Speed Productivity Performance Security Disaster recovery

26. 1. Scalability CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 26 The IT needs of every company are different. For example, a big tech company with thousands of employees needs different resources than a startup with only three. Cloud providers are a perfect solution for either company because their services can be scaled to meet their needs. This scaling can be done in a matter of seconds or minutes, which is great for a company that’s growing quickly. As demands increase, a business can quickly scale its cloud-based infrastructure without investing in physical components.

27. 2. Cost CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 27 While the initial migration of existing infrastructure may take planning, money, and time, most businesses see cost savings in using cloud services right away. Since cloud computing resources can be sized to a business’s needs, they never pay for more than they use. It’s a pay-as-you-go system. In contrast, many on-site data centers have more resources than they need. This is largely for preventative reasons — it’s better to be overprepared than underprepared when things go wrong. But, with cloud computing and its scalable services, a business never has to pay for more than they need. Cloud computing works on a  pay-as-you-go pricing model.   Businesses can save costs on hardware, energy, and in-house technical specialists with  cloud solutions.   In-house IT staff also has to deal with  redundancies and maintenance costs. With the cloud, you can replicate your data for redundancies. The costs of hardware and data loss are minimized. You can  rent servers from leading cloud providers.  Renting servers provides low investments and high returns. Cloud computing helps you  focus on your business priorities.   You can streamline operations in all sectors using the cloud.  Operations and capital expenses  are reduced due to cloud solutions.

28. 3. Speed CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 28 Along with saving time and resources, cloud computing has also sped up software development. Setting up a new development environment or virtual machine on a cloud can be done in seconds with the click of a few buttons. With a traditional data center, you’d have to purchase, install, and maintain all the required hardware. Cloud services are fast. With a traditional data center, users have to connect to that one data center no matter where they’re located in the world. A cloud service, on the other hand, can be distributed across the world, so users get a fast connection close to their geographical location.

29. 4. Productivity CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 29 Cloud computing improves productivity in many ways: As we explained earlier, eliminating the need for infrastructure maintenance allows your IT staff to focus on business-related tasks. It makes software development, testing, and deployment quicker and easier. It provides a worldwide network of services that can be easily accessed by remote employees.

30. 5. Performance CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 30 Because providing modern IT infrastructure is their business, cloud providers keep data centers updated with the latest high-performance hardware and technologies. This enables better connectivity and performance. Cloud providers aim to deliver faster network bandwidths to multiple users. They do this by adding continuous updates to  reduce latency.   In an  INAP survey,  respondents were asked what influenced their cloud migration. Around 42% of respondents said  improvement in network speed and low latency.   You also get more uptime with  regional data centers  offered by cloud providers. Hardware can quickly become outdated and slow. Cloud providers have  short refresh cycles  for servers. You get better performance with the latest technology due to cloud computing.

31. 6. Security CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 31 Cybersecurity is a big concern of any business. Data breaches can damage an enterprise’s revenue, reputation, and even its clients. Cloud services resolve this by managing permissions and access to the services and resources they provide. Companies want to invest in  better security models  with an increase in cyber threats. Moving to the cloud does not remove security threats, but it reduces the risk of attacks. Cloud providers add  security and compliance measures  to their systems. These reduce the security workloads for your team. You also get low-cost access to  big data for analysis.  Using big data, you can  analyze security and log data  for better insights. These insights provide more visibility into your company’s security posture. You get  faster detection of threats  with automation and recovery tools. Along with that, cloud providers also  lookout for threats.   The threats are removed using the latest security technologies. With cloud computing, these tasks are shifted to the cloud provider's team. The expert team  carefully monitors security  and detects threats. Companies also use  data encryption  and  opt for a private server. They opt for  managed security services  to improve security.

32. 7. Disaster recovery CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 32 Losing data can be just as bad for a business as having a data breach. Storing data on the cloud ensures that it’s always available, even if a laptop or mobile device gets lost or damaged. Cloud providers also provide backup systems for files, databases, source code, and more. In a worst-case scenario, any lost data can be restored from backups in no time. Cloud-native businesses have a faster recovery rate after a data breach. With cloud services, your data is stored in the cloud and backed up on many data centers. Even if one server fails, it can be replaced by other servers without you losing downtime. Continuous uptime is important for any business. Cloud allows easy cloud storage and data restoration after a disaster.  With classic data centers, the recovery process is long and limited. If you don't have backups, you risk losing your data permanently.  With cloud servers, you can create disaster recovery plans and quickly implement them using cloud-based recovery tools.

33. 8. Faster deployment and market release CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 33 With cloud services, you can deploy within days, not months. Cloud computing allows you to integrate and test new technologies quickly. Using end-to-end automation, companies can develop and release code. The code can be shifted into production environments faster. Cloud offers an agile application development environment.  You can quickly analyze customer demands, make updates and deliver products.

34. 9. Ease of Scaling CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 34 Cloud’s flexible infrastructure allows you to scale on-demand. Data centers compel you to estimate IT requirements and buy servers in bulk. With cloud computing, you can scale the resources as per your needs.  The network bandwidths, storage, and processing power are scaled on demand. Auto Scaling enables you to scale resources automatically. You can upscale during high traffic and downscale when the surge ends. Auto Scaling helps reduce management tasks and saves costs. Cloud computing enhances flexibility for your business. You can scale quickly using cloud solutions.

35. 10. Remote Access and Availability CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 35 In-house data centers restrict access to data to a single location. The data is only stored on the on hard drives. Cloud computing offers remote access. Companies have complete control over accessibility. Around 89% of global IT departments allow Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) practices in some form in the workforce. You can test applications and deploy new features through mobile devices. Cloud-based services are made for remote working.  You can hire freelancers remotely with cloud services.

36. 11. Collaboration and Productivity CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 36 Cloud computing enhances collaboration as workers get access to data in real-time.  In a Forbes survey, 87% of business leaders said that the cloud offered a breakthrough in collaboration.  Business managers realize that the IT staff should not lose time taking care of servers. Instead, they need to focus on their unique and core business goals. Cloud computing allows your IT team to solve business issues. You can focus on building new projects that increase consumer satisfaction. Cloud computing also improves productivity as the IT team can collaborate in real-time.  Your team can work remotely and collaborate on projects.

37. 12. Competitive Edge CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 37 Companies that choose cloud early got a significant advantage. They built a cloud strategy, failed fast, and learned from their mistakes. Dell technologies noted that companies investing in the cloud gained 53% faster revenue growth.  Cloud computing is the next step to digital transformation. Companies are moving to the cloud at a fast rate. A Harvard Business Review report states that the cloud has set a new benchmark for business success and high performance. Organizations that do not use cloud services are at a disadvantage. Businesses are asking why to choose cloud computing. The answer is that cloud services are more of a necessity than an option.  The benefits of the cloud are much higher than classic servers.

38. 13. Innovation CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 38 Cloud computing brings faster innovation to companies. Cloud providers are updating their servers and using the latest technology.  Cloud security is also increasing at a rapid pace. Companies can embrace innovative technologies due to the cloud. Using the cloud, you can build better solutions for customers. Cloud computing makes it easy for you to innovate. Insights from big data and automation are the next step. Companies can use these tools to learn more about their consumers. Automation will reduce manual labor and help save costs. With machine learning, you can get better consumer insights. Businesses that opt for the cloud are also reducing the CO2 footprint. With this, they are promoting innovation in sustainable practices. The energy consumption of classic data centers is high. Renting servers decreases energy consumption.

39. Benefits of distributed computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 39 Performance.  Distributed computing can help improve performance by having each computer in a cluster handle different parts of a task simultaneously. Scalability.  Distributed computing clusters are scalable by adding new hardware when needed. Resilience and redundancy.  Multiple computers can provide the same services. This way, if one machine isn't available, others can fill in for the service. Cost-effectiveness.  Distributed computing can use low-cost, off-the-shelf hardware. Efficiency. Complex requests can be broken down into smaller pieces and distributed among different systems. Distributed applications . Unlike traditional applications that run on a single system, distributed applications run on multiple systems simultaneously.

40. Defining Cloud Computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 40 Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. These services typically include storage, processing power, networking, databases, analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and software applications. Cloud computing enables users to access and use these services without the need for owning or managing physical servers and other infrastructure.

41. The key characteristics of cloud computing CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 41 On-Demand Self-Service : Users can provision computing resources, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service provider. Broad Network Access : Services are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations). Resource Pooling : The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. Rapid Elasticity : Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. Measured Service : Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.

42. What is Cloud as a Service? CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 42 Cloud as a Service ( CaaS ) is the utilization of cloud computing services consumed and paid for on a subscription or pay-per-use basis. Although the term usually refers to public cloud computing services such as Software-as-a-Service ( SaaS ), Infrastructure-as-a-Service ( IaaS ) or Platform-as-a-Service ( PaaS ) it can also refer to modernizing an organization’s IT s capabilities to adopt those cloud-like service delivery methodologies on-premises. By creating an abstraction layer between highly automated and standardized service consumption, and those in the organization responsible for managing the underlying infrastructure, Cloud-as-a-Service accelerates the implementation of new applications, on boarding of new employees, and scaling to meet increased demand. Cloud-as-Service providers also offer security and storage as services, eliminating the need for organizations to maintain a security operations center or worry about exceeding the capacity of their storage devices. Many organizations have turned to CaaS to both offload IT maintenance and management chores to a cloud provider and to migrate from a capital expense to operational expense model with predictable monthly fees for various IT services provided by cloud vendors. This increases IT efficiency and enables resources to focus on business tasks instead of ‘firefighting’ server, storage, security, and networking issues.

43. Organizations adopt Cloud-as-a-Service to: CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 43 Standardize and automate service delivery Reduce infrastructure, real estate, and energy costs Accelerate time to value for new projects Modernize applications to achieve better mobility for users Instantly scale to meet changing business demands Improve overall IT security Increase utilization of existing IT infrastructure Improve staff productivity

44. Why is Cloud as a Service important? CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 44 Reduced Expenditures. A pay-per-use consumption of services reduces overprovisioning infrastructure resources, and makes better utilization of capital equipment. Modernization. CaaS eliminates upgrade and end-of-life worries for organizations, and instead frees up developers to work on cloud-native approaches that can become the underpinnings of a digital transformation and code modernization that enables the use of  Microservices  and APIs to take advantage of a world of cloud services offerings. Mobility. The cloud is only as far away as a network connection. CaaS adoption encourages anywhere, anytime, any device access to IT resources, which is beneficial at all times but critically important during a pandemic where employees and customers cannot visit on-premises facilities. Sales and support teams can interact with corporate resources while visiting with clients to ensure information is at the fingertips of those who need it. On-Demand Scalability. Where IT might have to wait weeks or months to procure servers for new projects or support growth, CaaS enables scalability of applications, storage, and bandwidth as needed virtually instantaneously. New users can be onboarded in seconds, and new instances of applications can be provisioned in the cloud in minutes. High Availability and Disaster recovery. Cloud services began with backup and recovery, and cloud providers can provide backup operations in multiple zones to ensure that a disaster in one location does not impact business operations for their clients. CaaS can mean automatic failover and seamless transition foe employees and customers when and if failover is required.

45. What are the Benefits of Cloud as a Service? CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 45 The primary benefit of CaaS is cost savings, as organizations can tailor monthly expenditures to meet exact needs and no longer need to over-purchase infrastructure to handle unforeseen spikes in volume other demands. Here is a list of many reasons why organizations utilize cloud services. Self-service on-demand. Organizations can consume services as needed virtually instantly and stop consumption when no longer needed Resilience. Redundancy of cloud providers can increase uptime for every application, and utilizing SaaS services totally eliminates the need for any infrastructure worries Competitive Advantage. Having access to cloud-native tools and applications can give a leg up versus competition, and adoption of modern application design can help deliver compelling applications and user experience Time to Value. CaaS can speed application development and deployment, and PaaS platforms can provide environments to further simplify development. Entire systems can be provisioned in minutes. Multi-tenancy support. Many organizations require multiple separate IT systems, and multi-tenant hyperscale cloud providers excel in establishing an enterprise cloud presence with multiple accounts that share security and network guiderails. Enhanced Security. Although organizations must adopt a shared security model, cloud providers offer some of the strongest physical security processes in existence. Many organizations will adopt a zero-trust security stance and encrypt all data and API connections to maximize cloud security. Mobility. Cloud services can be accessed from anywhere on virtually any device. All users need is a connection to the internet. Scalability. Cloud providers offer a virtually unlimited amount of storage and compute capacity for companies from start-up to multinational enterprise. Organizations need no longer worry about running out of storage or the need to purchase or upgrade another server. Predictability. Pay-as-you-go pricing models mean that organizations will know what their cloud expenditures will be on a monthly basis, based on volume and number of users. API Access. Modern cloud-native applications are often powered by APIs that are offered by other cloud tenants. Organizations can utilize third party APIs in their cloud applications to take advantage of code unique to their industry or that leverages a unique data set.

46. 3. Defining Cloud Computing Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing: **On-Demand Self-Service**: Users can automatically provision computing resources, such as server time and network storage, without requiring human interaction with each service provider. **Broad Network Access**: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations). **Resource Pooling**: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 46

47. **Rapid Elasticity**: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. **Measured Service**: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 47

48. Cloud Service Models: **Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS )**: Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Users can rent virtual machines, storage, and networks, allowing them to build and manage their infrastructure without physical hardware. **Examples**: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP). **Platform as a Service ( PaaS )**: Offers a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the infrastructure. This includes development tools, database management systems, and middleware. **Examples**: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure PaaS , Heroku .   **Software as a Service ( SaaS )**: Delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. These applications are managed by a third-party provider and are accessible through a web browser. **Examples**: Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce . **Function as a Service ( FaaS )**: A serverless computing model that allows developers to execute code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers. **Examples**: AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 48

49. Cloud Deployment Models **Public Cloud**: Services are offered over the public internet and shared across multiple organizations. The cloud provider owns and manages the data centers , servers, and infrastructure, and customers access these resources remotely. **Examples**: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP). **Private Cloud**: A cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization. The infrastructure may be hosted on-premises or by a third-party provider, but it is not shared with other organizations. **Examples**: VMware Private Cloud, OpenStack . **Hybrid Cloud**: Combines elements of both public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This setup provides greater flexibility and optimization of existing infrastructure, security, and compliance. **Examples**: A company using AWS for scalable computing resources while maintaining sensitive data on a private cloud. **Community Cloud**: Shared by several organizations and supports a specific community with shared concerns, such as mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations. The infrastructure may be managed by the organizations or a third-party provider. **Examples**: Government agencies within a specific jurisdiction sharing resources on a community cloud. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 49

50. 3. Cloud Computing Is a Service Yes, cloud computing is often provided as a service, commonly referred to as "Cloud Computing as a Service" ( CCaaS ). It encompasses a range of services delivered over the internet. Here are the primary models: 1. **Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS )**: Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Users can rent virtual machines, storage, and networks, allowing them to build and manage their infrastructure without physical hardware. 2. **Platform as a Service ( PaaS )**: Provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with the infrastructure. Examples include Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure PaaS , and Heroku .   3. **Software as a Service ( SaaS )**: Delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. Examples include Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365, and Salesforce . 4. **Function as a Service ( FaaS )**: A serverless computing model that allows developers to execute code in response to events without provisioning or managing servers. Examples include AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 50

51. 4. Cloud Computing Is a Platform Cloud computing can also be considered a platform, often referred to as "Cloud Platform" or "Cloud Computing Platform." This perspective emphasizes its role in providing a comprehensive environment for developing, deploying, and managing applications and services. Here’s a breakdown of how cloud computing functions as a platform:   1. **Development Environment**: Cloud platforms provide tools and frameworks for developers to build applications. This includes integrated development environments (IDEs), software development kits (SDKs), and APIs. 2. **Application Deployment**: Cloud platforms offer services for deploying applications. This includes services like load balancing, container orchestration (e.g., Kubernetes ), and serverless computing.   3. **Scalability and Flexibility**: Cloud platforms provide resources that can be scaled up or down based on demand. This allows businesses to efficiently manage workloads and optimize costs.   4. **Management and Monitoring**: Cloud platforms offer tools for managing and monitoring applications and infrastructure. This includes performance monitoring, logging, and alerting systems.   5. **Security and Compliance**: Cloud platforms provide security features and compliance certifications to ensure data protection and regulatory adherence. This includes identity and access management, encryption, and auditing capabilities. 6. **Integration and Ecosystem**: Cloud platforms often support integration with various services and third-party applications. This creates a robust ecosystem where different services can work together seamlessly. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 51

52. Examples of cloud computing platforms include: - **Amazon Web Services (AWS)**: Offers a wide range of cloud services for computing, storage, database, machine learning, and more. - **Microsoft Azure**: Provides a comprehensive set of cloud services, including computing, analytics, storage, and networking. - **Google Cloud Platform (GCP)**: Offers cloud computing services for application development, data storage, machine learning, and more. - **IBM Cloud**: Provides a suite of cloud computing services, including IaaS , PaaS , and SaaS solutions. - **Oracle Cloud**: Offers a range of cloud services for computing, storage, networking, and applications. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 52

53. 5. Principles of Cloud computing 1. **On-Demand Self-Service** Users can provision computing capabilities as needed without requiring human interaction with service providers. This includes computing power, storage, and networking. 2. **Broad Network Access** Cloud services are accessible over the network through standard mechanisms, promoting use by heterogeneous client platforms such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations. 3. **Resource Pooling** The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence, meaning the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 53

54. 4. **Rapid Elasticity** Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. For consumers, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. 5. **Measured Service** Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer. 6. **Multi-Tenancy and Resource Isolation** Multiple users (tenants) share the same physical resources while ensuring their data and activities are isolated from each other. This isolation is crucial for security and privacy. 7. **Cost Efficiency** Cloud computing aims to reduce costs by allowing users to pay for what they use and to benefit from the economies of scale provided by the service provider. 8. **Scalability and Flexibility** Cloud services offer scalability to handle varying loads efficiently. Users can increase or decrease resources based on their needs, ensuring they only use what is necessary. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 54

55. 9. **Security** Cloud providers implement robust security measures to protect data, applications, and infrastructure. This includes encryption, access controls, and regular security audits. 10. **Automation** Automation is key to cloud computing, allowing for efficient management, deployment, and scaling of resources. Automated processes reduce human error and increase reliability and consistency. 11. **Service Models** Cloud computing is delivered through various service models: - **Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS )**: Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. - **Platform as a Service ( PaaS )**: Offers a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications. **Software as a Service ( SaaS )**: Delivers software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. 12. **Deployment Models** There are different deployment models to suit various needs: CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 55

56. **Public Cloud**: Services are offered over the public internet and shared across multiple organizations. **Private Cloud**: Services are maintained on a private network, dedicated to a single organization. **Hybrid Cloud**: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. **Community Cloud**: Shared by several organizations and supports a specific community with shared concerns. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 56

57. 6. Five Essential Characteristics The five essential characteristics of cloud computing, as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), are: 1. **On-Demand Self-Service** - **Description**: Users can provision computing resources, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider. - **Benefit**: This allows for quick and easy access to resources, reducing the time and effort needed to manage them. 2. **Broad Network Access** - **Description**: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).   - **Benefit**: This ensures that services are accessible from any location and on any device with internet connectivity. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 57

58. 3. **Resource Pooling** - **Description**: The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources.   - **Benefit**: This leads to greater efficiency and economies of scale, as resources are used more effectively and costs are shared among multiple users. 4. **Rapid Elasticity** - **Description**: Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time. - **Benefit**: This flexibility allows businesses to handle varying workloads and scale their operations without over-provisioning or under-utilizing resources. 5. **Measured Service** - **Description**: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer. **Benefit**: This ensures that users pay only for what they use, making cloud services cost-effective and providing clear visibility into resource usage and costs. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 58

59. Four Cloud Deployment Models The four primary cloud deployment models are: 1. **Public Cloud** In a public cloud, services and infrastructure are provided over the internet and shared across multiple organizations. The cloud provider owns and manages the data centers, servers, and infrastructure, and customers access these resources remotely. **Examples**: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP). **Benefits**: - **Cost Efficiency**: Economies of scale lower costs for users. - **Scalability**: Easily scalable to meet changing demands. - **Maintenance**: Managed by the cloud provider, reducing the need for in-house IT staff. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 59

60. 2. **Private Cloud** A private cloud is dedicated to a single organization. The infrastructure may be hosted on-premises or by a third-party provider, but it is not shared with other organizations. **Examples**: VMware Private Cloud, OpenStack . **Benefits**: - **Security and Control**: Greater control over resources and enhanced security measures. - **Customization**: Infrastructure can be tailored to meet specific business needs. - **Compliance**: Easier to meet regulatory and compliance requirements. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 60

61. 3. **Hybrid Cloud** A hybrid cloud combines elements of both public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This setup provides greater flexibility and optimization of existing infrastructure, security, and compliance. **Examples**: A company using AWS for scalable computing resources while maintaining sensitive data on a private cloud. **Benefits**: **Flexibility**: Allows for data and applications to be easily moved between public and private clouds. **Cost Management**: Optimal use of existing infrastructure while leveraging the scalability of the public cloud. **Resilience and Continuity**: Improved disaster recovery and business continuity options. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 61

62. 4. **Community Cloud** - **Description**: A community cloud is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community with shared concerns, such as mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations. The infrastructure may be managed by the organizations or a third-party provider. - **Examples**: Government agencies within a specific jurisdiction sharing resources on a community cloud.   **Benefits**: - **Collaboration**: Promotes collaboration among organizations with similar needs. - **Cost Sharing**: Reduces costs by sharing infrastructure among multiple organizations. - **Custom Solutions**: Tailored to meet the specific needs and compliance requirements of the community.  These deployment models provide different levels of control, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, allowing organizations to choose the model that best fits their needs. CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 62

63. Thank You CC(Unit 2): Dr. B.Rajalingam 63