clove cultivation , clove , clove processing

CLOVE
Scientific Name : Syzygium aromaticum
Family : Myrtaceae
Chromosome number :- 22
Origin place :-Molluccas Island of Eastern Indonesia
The clove is one of the important tree spice crop grown in India.
The clove of commerce is the fully grown but unopened aromatic dried flower bud of an evergreen tree syzygium aromaticum.
The term 'clove' is derived from the French word 'cloy' and the English word 'clout', both meaning 'nail.The volatile oil obtained from the clove bud contains mainly (80-90%) and caryophyllene (4-8%).
Area and Production:-
In India the clove is cultivated in an area of 2,600 ha. with annual production of 1,160 tonnes. The productivity is 400 kg/ha.
Botany :-
The clove is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 7-15 m.
It begins to fork near the base, into two or three main erect branches. The smaller branches are semi-erect, the twigs are brittle, smooth and greyish-white in colour, and the whole head is bushy and dense.
The leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate, glabrous and aromatic owing to plenty of oil glands on the lower surface. The new leaves appear in flushes and are bright pink.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne on a terminal, corymbose, trichotomous panicle.

1. CLOVE CULTIVATION By :-SANDEEP YADAV. ID - 731. Degree program :- Bsc .( hons ).horticulture Batch :-2017. Banda University Of Agriculture And Technology , BANDA

2. CLOVE Scientific Name : Syzygium aromaticum Family : Myrtaceae Chromosome number :- 22 Origin place :- Molluccas Island of Eastern Indonesia The clove is one of the important tree spice crop grown in India. The clove of commerce is the fully grown but unopened aromatic dried flower bud of an evergreen tree syzygium aromaticum . The term 'clove' is derived from the French word 'cloy' and the English word 'clout', both meaning 'nail

3. The volatile oil obtained from the clove bud contains mainly (80-90%) and caryophyllene (4-8%). Area and Production :- In India the clove is cultivated in an area of 2,600 ha. with annual production of 1,160 tonnes. The productivity is 400 kg/ha. Botany :- The clove is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 7-15 m. It begins to fork near the base, into two or three main erect branches. The smaller branches are semi-erect, the twigs are brittle, smooth and greyish-white in colour, and the whole head is bushy and dense. The leaves are simple, opposite, exstipulate , glabrous and aromatic owing to plenty of oil glands on the lower surface. The new leaves appear in flushes and are bright pink. The hermaphrodite flowers are borne on a terminal, corymbose , trichotomous panicle.

4. The lower part of the flower along with the calyx develops into a fleshy, dark, one-seeded drupe. The sepals are reduced to triangular projections and this is popularly known as the 'mother of clove'. The fruit (mother-of-clove) is usually a single-seeded drupe, but occasionally contains two seeds also.

5. Climate :- Clove grows well under warm and humid climate. The annual rainfall ranging from 150-300 cm and a relative humidity of 70% and above. It grows well from sea level to an altitude of 700- 900 m and a mean temperature range of 20-32°C. Soil :- Deep red loam, black soil and laterite soils rich in humus, having a pH between 4.0 and 5.6, are found best for clove cultivation. Sandy soils and water-logged conditions are unsuitable for clove cultivation.

6. Varieties :- Clove plantations in India are reported to have originated from a few seedlings obtained originally from Mauritius. Two distinct bud variants were identified :- One is having bolder flower buds (King type) :- KC-1 & KC -2 The other one is smaller than the normal clove ( Liliput clove/mini clove) :- LC -1

7. Cultivation Propagation :- Clove is propagated through seed vegetative means by soft wood cuttings and by buddings . Generally, clove is only propagated through seeds. Seed propagation :- Clove is propagated through seed which is called the mother’s of clove. The seeds are extracted from the ripe fruits (mother-of-clove) obtained from regular bearing trees.

8. Planting :- The area selected for raising the clove plantation should be cleared of wild growth before monsoons. For planting, pits of 60-75 cm 3 are dug 6-7 m apart in rows spaced 6 m apart, about a month or two prior to planting. The pits are filled with a mixture of top soil, burnt earth and FYM or compost. Transplanting should preferably be done during June- August, and in low-lying areas towards the end of the monsoon in September-October. Clove prefers partial shadeIn order to provide a cool, humid micro-climate, intercropping with banana is found to be very good.

9. Mulching :- Mulching the soil around the base of the tree during summer conserves moisture and prevents weed growth. Dry leaves or slashed weeds are used for mulching around the base of the plant. Weeding :- The plot should be kept weed free by regular weeding.

10. Manures and fertilizers :- The organic manure along with a half dose of fertilisers may be applied during May- June and the remaining quantity of fertilisers may be given during September-October, as a top dressing. The plants may be applied with manures and fertilisers as given below. FYM :- 30 kg N :- 20 g P :- 18 g K :- 50 g

11. Irrigation :- In the first 3-4 years, extreme care should be taken especially during the summer months. Plant-based water application has to be very scrupulously followed. Studies indicated that dripping of eight liters of water per plant per day, recorded the highest plant type and number of branches in the juvenile phase. Inter-cropping :- Clove can be inter-cropped in coconut, arecanut , nutmeg and banana plantations of the midlands. In higher elevations, it can be mixed cropped with pepper or coffee.

12. Harvesting and yield :- Though clove trees flower from 4-6 years of their planting, the trees generally start bearing an economic yield 18-20 years from the time of planting and the production continues for 80 years or more. The flowering season varies from September-October in the plains to December-January at high altitudes. The average yield at Burliar is 2 kg per tree (500 kg/ha) per year. About 11,000-15,000 dried cloves weigh one kilogram.

13. The essential oil yield is 17- 19% from clove buds, 6% from the clove stems and 2-3% from the leaves. Grading :- Whole cloves are graded as special (Hand-picked), Grade-2, Grade-3, Ground (powdered) cloves, while the defective cloves are named as Khoker cloves, Headless cloves, Mother cloves, Extraneous matter, etc. Value-added products :- Clove oil, ground clove, oleoresins, clove-stem oil, clove-leaf oil, oil of mother of cloves and clove-root oil are some of the value-added products of clove.

14. THANKS FOR ATTENTION