Cluster bean

Production technology- Cluster bean

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2. Botanical name :   Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Family :   Fabaceae / Leguminoceae Chromosome No.:   2n=14 Origin :   India Common name : Guar Ancestor: Cyamopsis senegalensis Cluster Bean 2

3. It is grown for green pods used as vegetable and dry seeds. It is also grown as forage and green manure crop. Some of the varieties are used for extraction of gum (Guar gum). It is one of the most important vegetable crops in northern India. Among leguminous crops it is comparatively more drought resistant and is cultivated on a large scale as a forage crop in dry regions. The gum obtained from this crop is used in various industries particularly textiles, cosmetics, explosives, paper and food processing industries. Today it is one of the significant foreign exchange earners of the country. Fresh pods contain 82.5% water, 9.9% carbohydrate, 3.7% protein, 0.2% fat, 2.3% fiber and 1.4% mineral matter. Importance 3

4. Cluster bean is a drought resistant crop and can be grown successfully in areas where average rainfall is 30-40 cm. It is cultivated mostly as rainfed crop in semi-arid zones of northern India. It is a warm season crop in semi arid zones of northern India. It is a warm season crop, grows well in summer and rainy seasons. It cannot withstand water logging condition. It is photosensitive crop and comes into flowering and fruiting when sown in kharif season only. All types of soils suitable for growing cluster bean, however, well drained sandy loams are best suited with pH range from 7 to 8.5. Climate and soil 4

5. Season: June-July and Feb-march, some areas September-October Cropping system It is grown as a sole crop, mixed crop and a border crop around the main crop. However it cannot tolerate shade Land preparation 2-3 plougings , clods should be broken and bring the soil to fine tilth   Seed rate 25-30 kg/ha seeds are required for one hectare of area. Seed inoculation with rhizobium helps in nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Sowing : Seeds are dibbled in row or drilled behind the plough sometimes broadcasting is also followed.   Spacing : 45cm X 20-25cm 5

6. Nutrition requirement FYM-25tons is applied to the soil at the time of final preparation. Application of 25:75:60kg NPK is recommended. Half of N along with entire dose of P and K fertilizer should be applied at the time of sowing in bands about 7-8 cm to the side of the seed Irrigation Cluster bean is a hardy crop that comes up well under rainfed conditions. Flowering and pod development periods are the critical stages. For higher yield the cop should be irrigated regularly at 7-10 days interval. 6

7. Weed control A pre sowing application of fluchloralin @ 2 l/ha checks the weed growth. At least two hand weedings are required before earthing up. Shallow cultivation during the early stages of crop is necessary to check the weeds and to facilitate earthing up. At the later stages of the crop growth, the weeds are kept under check due to the thick canopy of the crop. Harvesting and Yield Green pods will be ready for harvest 45 days after sowing. Dry seeds are harvested when a large percentage of pos are full and most of the remaining will turn yellow. Yield is about 3-4t/ha of green pods. 7

8. Plant protection Insects: Pod borers, aphids. Agromyzid fly and plant hoppers. Diseases: Powdery mildew, pytophthora and rust, leaf spot, anthracnose, cowpea mosaic virus.   8 Pod borers Powdery mildew Rust

9. Seed production It is self pollinated crop and only 25-50 meters isolation distance is required for foundation and certified seeds. The crop should be inspected thrice during its growing period. When 60-70% pods change their colour from green to light brown the crop should be harvested and kept on the floor for 8 to 10 days for drying. Later on threshing can be done by sticks or by tractor. 9

10. Description of popular varieties/hybrids Pusa mausami : It is a selection from local cultivar of north India. Plants have densely branching habit. Pods are smooth, bright green and 10-13 cm long. It comes for first picking in 80 days after sowing. Suitable for rainy season. Pusa sadabahar : It is a selection from a local cultivar Jaipuri of Rajasthan. It is non branching type suitable for both rainy and summer seasons. First picking starts 40-50 days after sowing. Pusa navbhar : It combines the good traits of both the above cultivars. Pods are longer(15cm) and of better quality. Susceptible to bacterial blight and lodging. Sharad bahar : It is evolved on the basis of single plant selection from IC11704. It is branching type producing 12-14 branches. Pardeshi : Produces long pubescent pods about 12-15cm long. Mostly grown in Gujarat. 10

11. 11 NBPGR identified the following cultivars P28-1-1: It is developed from cross between pusa Navbahar and IC11521. It is photoinsensitive , high branching can be grown both summer and rainy season. Yield 140-15q/ha. Other varieties are CP 78, S-279, Santa cruz .

12. 12 MCQ’S Origin of cluster bena Africa b. Meditaranian region c. India d. Afghanistan 2. Seed rate (kg/ha) 10-20 b. 25-30 c. 30-40 d. 65 3. Chromosome number of cluster bean 22 b. 14 c. 16 d. 18 5. Ancestor of cluster bean bean a. Cyamopsis senegalensis Descriptive questions Mention few varieties of cluster bean. Discuss in brief about the package of practice of French bean. Mention the scientific name, chromosome number, ancestor and origin of cluster bean.