CMAA-74.pdf

‘CRANE MANUFACTURERS.
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC.

@®eman

Prepared by
The Crane Manufacturers Association
of America, Inc.

'CMAA Specification #74, Revised 2010
‘Supersedes Specification #74, Revised 2004

Fe nn pm
à of America division of Material Handling Industry

Sa or AMERICAS

CMAA SPECIFICATION NO. 74.2010
‘SPECIFICATIONS FOR TOP RUNNING AND UNDER RUNNING SINGLE GIRDER
ELECTRIC TRAVELING CRANES UTILIZING UNDER RUNNING TROLLEY HOIST

INTRODUCTION

‘This Specification has been developed by the Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc. (MAA), an
organization of leading electric overhead traveling crane manufacturers in ne Uned Sates, for bre purpose of
promoting standardization and providing a bass for aquipment selection. The use ofthis Spectication should
‘ot Hint the Ingenuity of the individual manufacturer but should provide guidelines for technical procedure.

In adalton to Specifications, the publication contains information which shouldbe helpful tothe purchasers
and users of cranes and fo the engineering and architectural professions. While much of his information must
be ofa general nature, the items listed may be checked with individual manufactures and comparisons made
leading to optimum selection of equipment.

‘These Specications consis of eight sections,
74-1 General Spectications

74-2 Crane Classification

74.3 Structural Design

74-4 Mechanical Design

74-5 Electrical Equipment

74-8 Inquiry Data Shoot and Speeds

7-7 Glossary

74-8 Index

38 follows:

CMAA SPECIFICATION INTERPRETATION REQUEST PROCEDURE
(CHAN designates a request for interpretation os specifications ae an Action Ale Inquiry.

‘Only writen inquires on interpretation and applcabiliy of CMAA Specifications 70, 74 and 78 will bo given a
response by the CMAA Engineoring and Safety Advocary Workgroup. CMAA does net provide design guidance,

design rique, advice, comments on non-CMAA documents eto. nquiies ofthis nature, #f recelved, will bo
Sectned,

‘Send all written requests for interpretation of Speciation 70, 74 and 7, identiying the Specification and the
section numbers in queston vis email to [email protected] or via Fax to 704-678-1108, Altenton: Cathy Moose,

Interpretation requests must identfy the sender name, tie, company name, address and telephone number
and be on company letterhead. They should also be specific and corcis,
‘The folowing outines the CMAA procedure for precessing and respondio interpretation requests.

OMA assigns an Acton ler Inquiy numbor to each wrllen inquiry. The AA number consists ofthe Ist

‘wo digits ofthe year and sequental numbers. For example, AM102.05 is Un fit action guy recelved

in 2002

2. CMAA immediately forwards the inguiy to the CMAA Engineering Vice President, Based on the nature and
substance ofthe inquiy, the Vice President selects eher a non-paloid or baled response, Non-ballled

responses generaly al be selected for simple obvious regles and for inquires fo be declined inquiñes for

interpretation of CMAA Specifications 70, 74 and 78 must be oaleted

3. Response time forinques typical range from one week, up to one month bate.

No part ofthese Speccalions may be reproduced in any form without
the prior wien permission of MAA,

Copyright ©2010 by Grane Manufacturers Association of America, In. lights reserved.

DISCLAIMERS AND INDEMNITY
CRANE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC. (CMA)

‘Tho Grane Manufacturers Associaton of America, Inc. (CMA) I an Inependr!inororaes tado accion fated

vw The Nate Handing aust of Arena Dion of Mote Handing Indus A),

MATERIAL HANDLING INDUSTRY AND ITS MATERIAL HANDLING INDUSTRY OF AMERICA DIVISION
on)

Not provides CHA ih cri ares and pect in connection wi hse Sacs anges for ar proton and
non Nether e cor, dream ar ley ave any or pacto a cealoerow end preparate a
Inemaben conned mite Boston

AN nie concern tase Spanne shuld bo deat in wig 1 the Chaman ofthe CMAA Erglnsrng Comite,
Lo Sian Hana Aer of Aca In, 829 Red Oak Bird, Sian 207, haci, NC 20217.

Fora response 1 icons queens ue he CHAR wab ato wi nti lors or rie dost o ho CMAA Eng
Cm atthe ave assess (8009 9)

[SPECIFICATIONS

Usar of thse Speceatone must rly on thr un engineridesrer oF a manıfasurer reprecataivo D spi or
‘desgn aptlenone or una. Those Spctcavens are Gard as Im at and guides which a uso’ may of may NA
hacelo adopte aly or ee. user rel o, mamie employs "any par of tose Space, ne wot
ls agro toto flat tms of Inde, waranty dsc mer a camer abi

“The use ofthese Speclatons le nernisve and advisory ni and nal rancor. Voluntary us is wit ne contol and
ren of tho usar and ls ne tae 1, aná dove not any way Ent the Pgenuty,resgonbly or erregte of
idéal mansfacuers to design or produen ace a Tavalng css which co na: comply win these
pocitos. CMAA ha vo age author fo rulo oc enforce complanta Win tue Spcceaiens Theap advo
‘Specieatone provide techrial gucotnes forte ser D spel his aspicaen. Flowing hese Specticaons does nt
‘ssurecorolanes wi sopica e ferai, ie, and aca fw or roglaione nd codes, Those Spectealons zo ne.
binging n any person nd donot have ba efecto aw.

‘CAA and MH do nt approve, ae. r andare hase Speicatons. Thay do ot ake ary poston regarding any patent
fats or copyighe wich coli be aan wh regado too Spoctioaone and do no undetae lo entre Anyone
na these Spscticalons agen! Lab ty for niet any appteabe Lore Pate coprah! aby, nor assume
any sich laity. Users of these Speclcatene am expressly are that ceteminalon & I valchy any such
ops, alent gh, and he sk ningomant of such "ss any Inc ur FO.

DISCLAIMERS AND INDEMNITY

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: CMAA AND MH! MAKE NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH
THESE ‘SPECIFICATIONS. CMAA AND MHI ‘SPECIFICALLY “DISCLAIM ALL. IVPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTIES (EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR.
STATUTORY) ARE MADE IN CONNECTION WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS.

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: BY REFERRING TO OR OTHERWISE EMPLOYING THESE SPECIFICATIONS USER
SPECIFICALLY UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT CHAR, MHL, THEIR OFFICERS, AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES
SHALL NOT BE LIAGLE IN TORT AND IN CONTRACT - WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LABILITY, OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY FOR ANY ACTION OR FAILURE TO ACT IN RESPECT TO THE
DESIGN, ERECTION, INSTALLATION, MANUFACTURER, PREPARATION FOR SALE, SALE, CHARACTERISTICS,
FEATURES, OR DELIVERY OF ANYTHING COVERED BY THESE SPECIFICATIONS. BY REFERRING TO, OR
OTHERWISE EMPLOYING, THESE SPECIFICATIONS, IT IS. THE USERS INTENT AND UNDERSTANDING TO
RBSOLVE AND PROTECT CMAA, MI, THEIR SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES
FROM ANY AND ALL TORT, CONTRACT, OR OTHER LIABILITY.

INDEMNITY: BY REFERRING TO, OR OTHERWISE EMPLOYING, THESE SPECIFICATIONS, THE USER AGREES TO
DEFEND, PROTECT, NDEMNIFY, AND HOLD CMAA, MH, THEIR SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, OFFICERS, AGENTS,
AND EMPLOYEES HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, EXPENSES, DAMAGES. AND
UiaBiLimes, DIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL, ARISING FROM ACCEPTANCE OR USE OF THESE
SPECIFICATIONS INCLUDING LOSS OR PROFITS AND REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S FEES, WHICH MAY ARISE
UT OF THE ACCEPTANCE OR USE OR ALLEGED USE OF THESE SPECIFICATIONS, Ir BEING THE INTENT OF
THIS PROVISION AND OF THE USER TO ABSOLVE AND PROTECT CMA, Mil, THEIR SUCCESSORS, ASSIGN:
OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES FROM ANY AND ALL LOSS RELATING IN ANYWAY TO THESE
SPECIFICATIONS INCLUDING THOSE RESULTING FROM THEIR OWN NEGLIGENCE:

aa

m2

743

‘TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Specifications 744
11 Scope
12. Bulking Design
13° Clearance
14 Runway
13 Runway Conductors
118 Rated Capacity
17 Design Strosses
18 General
19 Painting
1:10 Assembly and Preparation for Shipment 745
411 Testing
1:12 Drawings and Manuals
118 Erection
118 Lubrenton
1:15 Inspection, Maintenance and Crane
Operator
rane Classifications
21 Genera
22 CasA
23 Gus
24 Class
25 GasD
28 Crane Sonico Class in Terms of Load
Class and Load Cycles,
Structural Design
31 Material 188
32 Welding 747
33 Sincure
34 Alowable Stressos +
35 Desgn Limitations
38 Bridge End Truck
37 Operators Cab
38 Structural Boting

Mechanical Design

41 Bridge Divos

42 Gearing

43 Bearings

44 Bridge Brakes

345 Shafts

38 Coupings

37 Vies

48 Bumpers and Stops

Electrical Equipment

51 General

52 Motore—AC and OC

53 Brakes

54 Controers, AC and DC

55 Resisors

58 Protecve and Safety Features

57 Master Switches

58 Floor Operated Pendant Pushbutton
Stations

59 Limit Switches

5.10 Instala

5.11. Bridge Conductor System

512 Runway Conductor Systom

513 Voltage Drop

514 Inveners

515 Remote Contol

Inquiry Data Shoot and Speeds

Glossary

Index

74: GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

11 SCOPE

‘These Specictions shall be known as the Specifications for Top Running and Under Running
Single Grder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes Ulizing Under Running Troley Hoist. CMAA
Specifications No, 74 - Revised 2010,

‘The Specifications and information contained in this publcaton apply to top running and under
running single gider electric overhead traveling cranes ulizng under running Foly holst
‘xcept patented track. should be understood that the Specicaons aro general in nature and
‘ther Specifications may be agrees upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer to suit
tach specific nstalation. Those Specifications do not cover equipment used to ft lower or
Transport personnel suspended from the holst rope system.

“These Specifcatons outine, in Section 74-2, four diferent classes of crane service as a guide
for detemining the service requirements ofthe individual applcaton, In mary cases, there is no
clear category of service in which a particular crane opertion may fl, andthe proper selection
fa crane can be made only tau a discussion of service requreménts and the crane des
‘th the crane manufacturer rather qualified persons,

Service conditions have an important influence on the ie of the wearing pars ofa crane such
95 wheels, gear, bewrings, ard electrical equipment, and must be considered in speeying a
‘rane o assure maximum ifé and minimum maintenance.

In selecting overhead crane equipment is important hal no only present but future operations
be considered which may increaso Toacing and service recuirements and that equioment bo
selected which wl sey future Increased sendco conditions, thereby minimizing the possibly
‘of overtoading or placing na duty cassficatien higher than intended,

Part ofthese Specifications refer to cen porons of other appleable Specifications, codes or

‘standards. Where interrelations ir, CMAA recommends that these Specifcaions be used
she guideline, Mentioned in Ih ext ar publications of he folowing organization.

ABMA American Bearing Manufacturers Association
2025 M Street, NL, Sulo 800
‘Washington, DO 20036

AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association
1500 King Street, Sue 201
Alexandra, Vigia 22314-2720

2001-096: Fundamental Rating Factors
‘Spur ane Heical Goa: Teeth

4 Caloulation Methods for Involute

AISC American Insituto Steel Construction
(One East Wacker Drive, Sule 700
Chicago, nos 60607-1802

ANSI American National Standards Institute
11 West 42nd Steet
Now York, New York 10086

ASCE The American Society of Gvi Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20181

[ASCE 7-98 - Minimum Design Loads for Bulings and Other Structures

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
‘Taree Park Avenue
Now York, NY. 10016-5990

ASME B30,11-2004 - Monorail and Underhung Granes

[ASME B90.18-2007 - Overhead Host (Underhung)
‘ASME B30.17-2006 - Overhead and Ganty Cranes (Top Running, Single
Giréor, Underhung Holst)

ASTM American Socely of Testing and Materials
100 Bare Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428

AWS American Welding Society
550 NW. LeJeune Road, P.O. Box 361040
Mari, Florida 33126

014.1-97- Specifications for Welding Industial and Mil Cranes and Other
Matoriatanding Equipment

CMA Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc
8720 Red Oak Blvd, Sue 201
Charote, Noth Careina 28217-3062
(Overhead Crane Inspection and Maintenance Checkist
‘Grane Operators Manual
Crane Operators Training Video.

NEC National Electric Code

NEPA National Fire Protection Association
1 Ballrymarch Park, P.O, Box 9101
‘Quincy, Massachuschs 02268-9101

NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code, 2008 Eton
NEMA Nationa’ Electrical Manufacturers Assocation

100 North 171 Steel, Sue 1847
Rossiyn, Virginia 22209

101-2001 - Industrial Cortal Systems and Elctical Requirements

OSHA US, Department of Labor
Directorate of Safely Standards Program
200 Gonatuion Avenue, NW.
Washington, DO 20210

28 OFR Par 1910 - Occupational Safety & Health Standards for General

Industy (Revised 7/1/97)
Peterson's Stress Concentration Factors

‘Walter D. Pikey ‘OR WaïorD. Pikey & Doborah F Pikey
2 Editon: 1897 "Eaton; 2008

‘Copyright John Woy & Sor

Data vias utlized from (FEM) Federation Europeonne De La Manutentio, Section IX
Series Lifing Equipment

Local Gider Stresses
FEM 9.241 ‘st Edilon (E) 10.1083

“The heist and troley may be supplied by the crane manufacturer or by the purchaser. In ether
case, the heist and toley shall comply with ASME E,30.162007, Overhead “Hoists
(Undorhung) ithe noist andor trolley are supplied by the purchaser, the cane buldorshal be
provided with card dimensional drawings witha rogured data, including wring diagrams,
'roley connector locations, and rally nost wolgh. This CAN Spocifcaion 474 does not apply
{othe host andlor olay.

42 BUILDING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

124

1244

1212

1243

1214

12:15
1216

“The bula in which an overhead crane sto be installed must bo designed with consideration
given the flowing pots:

“The distance ‘rom the floor tothe lowest overhead obstructon must bo such as to allow forthe
require hook I, pus he distance rom the sado or palm of tre hook I ts ignesi postion 10
{he high paint onthe crane, plus clearance 1 tho lowest overhead obstrucion

In aston, the distance from the floor fo the lowest overhead obstruction must be such tht the
lowest point on the crane vil dear all mactinery or when necessary provide rairoad or tuck
clearance under the cane.

‘Alter determination ofthe bung height, based on the factors above, the crane runway must be
located with tho top ofthe runway ral at a distance below the owest overhead absiructon equal
to tne height ofthe crane pls clearance

Liga, pipes, or any other object projecting below ho lowest pont on Ihe building truss must
e conedered in the detorminaton ofthe iowest overhead abstructon.

“The building knee braces must be designed to permit the required hook approaches.

{Access tothe cab or bridge walkway should be a fixed ladder, sta, er platform requiring no
‘Slop over any gap excesdng 12 inches, Fixed ‘adders shall bo in accordance wah ANSI ATS 3,
Salely Roguroments for Fed Ladcers

13 CLEARANCE

131

132

133

‘Clearance shaï be maintained between the crane and the bug, as wel as cranes operating
al ifferen! elevations, under all normal operating condiions. In he design of new cranes, all
factors that infuence earanos, such as root celing deflection, gar camber, rey postions
‘and configuraons shall be considered,

‘As a minimum, the clearance betwoen the highest pola of the crane and the lowest overhead
‘cbstuction shall not be less than 3 inches wilh Ine rane unloaded. | Pipes, conduls, igh,
‘te, must not reduce this Cearance

Clearance shall be maintained between the crane and the building, as well as parallel runing
Cranes, under al normal operalng conditions. Inthe design of new cranes, al factors that
Intuence clearance, such as whee! fal, bridge skewing, or trolls posilons and configurations
shall bo considered.

As a minimum, tre clearance between the end of the crane and the closest side obstruction
Shall not be loss than 2 inches with cane centered on runway rals. Pipes, conduls lights, et,
must no reduce this cearanes,

Were passageways or walkways are provided on the siucture supporing the ane.
‘obstructions on the supporing structure shall not bo placed so tha porsonnol wil be struck by
movement ofthe cane, The accuracy of DuIding dimensions is tho responsaty of tre over or
specifier ofthe equipment,

14 RUNWAY

144

14:44

14414

14142

14148

Tho crane rurway,runway ral, and crane stops are typically furnished by the purchaser unless
olheruise specited. The crane stops fumished by the purchaser are Lo ba designed to sul the
Specie gra Lo be installed

‘Top Running Runway

Rails shal be staight, parallel ove, at the samo elevation and atthe specified center to canter
ditanco, within the tolerances given in Table 14.11.

‘The runway ral should be standard ral sections, or other commercial rolled section with
‘equivalent Spoctcations and ofa proper size forthe crane to be installed.

(Crane ral spies shal be bolted or welded. Rall joints on opposite side ofthe runway should
be staggered. Property selectod holddown devices shall bo used to anchor the ral to the
runway. Lateral “ating” typo ra fastoning 's not recommended,

14114

14415

14123

Ral joint misalignment can be a signicant factor In wheel, axle, and bearing falures, is
recommended that horizontal rol separation at john not exceed 1/18 ich. Vorl and
horzonial alignment a ons should bo maintained as closely as possible. Ral jontsshoul be
ground Aush as necessary lo provide a smooth transition from each ral segment othe next.

The crane runway shall be designed wih sufíciont stength and rg to prevent cetimental
lateral or vertical defection,

The lateral deflection should not exceed L/400 based on 10% of maximum whee loac(s)
without VIF. Unless olherwise specie, Ihe vertcal dolaclon should not exceed L600 based
‘on maximum whe lads) shout VIF, Gantry and otr iypes of speci cranes may requre
‘addtional considerations.

Li = Runway girder span boing evaluated

Undor-Running Runways

Undersunning runray beams shall be straight, paral, level, atthe same elevation and
soeciid center to center distance, wihin te tolerances give in Table 1.4.1.1

‘Runway joint misalignment can be a significar factor In wheel, axle, and bearing failures, Its
recommended thal horizontal ral separaton at runway Joris not exceed 4/16 inch, Vertical,
Horizontal and ransvorso tt ofthe wheal running surfa a ins shal be algned as ciosoly as
possible. Runway joints shoulé be ground Mush as necessary to provide a'sinosthtranstion
from each runway beam segment to he nex.

“The crane runway shall bo designed with suffcent strength and rg to prevent detimontal
lateral or verical cefecton, The design shall provide forth effects of beam loading and local
flange leading. The vertical delschen should not exceed 1/480 based on maximum wheel
Foals) without VIF.

the

115 RUNWAY CONDUCTORS

154

154

155

"The runway condustors may be bare hard drawn copper wie, hard copper, aluminum or ste in
the form of st shapes, Insulated cable, cable reel pickup or oher suitable means to meet Ihe
particular application and shall bo install In accordance with Arie 610 ofthe National Elecirio
Code and comply vith all applcabi codes,

Contact conductors shall be guarded in a manner that persons cannot inadvertently touch
energized curtentcarrying pars. Fexibie conductor sysioms shall be designed and inetd in a
‘manner to iniize tho effects of eng, cable tension, and abrasion,

Runway conductors are normaly furnished and insiaed by the purchaser unless otherwise
species

The conductors shall be properly supported and algned horizontally and vertically withthe
runway ral,

‘The conductors shall have sufficient ampaciy to carry the required eurent to the crane, or
cranes, when operating wh rated load. The conductor ratings sha be selected in accordance
wih Article 610 of the National Electrica! Code. For manufactured conductor systems win
published ampacties, tho intermittent ratings may be Used, The ampacties of ned loads such
as heating, lighing, and alr condoning, may be computed as 2.25 tines thelr sum taal which
wi per tne application ofthe intermittent ampaciy ratings or use with continuous fixed fonds,

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156 The nominal runway conductor supply system voltago, actual input tab voltage, and runway
conductor voltage dreps shall result In crane motor votage tolerances per ‘Section 5.13
Voltage Drops.

157 In à crane inquiy, the runway conductor system type should be spocifed and whether the
system wil be supplied by tho purchaser or crane manufacturer. Suppled by the Purchase,

‘the locali should be stated,

16 RATED CAPACITY

464° The rated capaciy of a crane bridge is specified by the manufacture. This capacity shal be
‘marked on gach sie of te crane bridge and shal b leia from the operating oor

1.62 Individual hoist units shall have thelr rated capacity marked on their bottom Bock, In aditon,
‘capacity abel should be marked on the holst body.

1.83 Thetotal ited load shal not exosed the rated capaci ofthe crane bridge: Load on individual
hoists or nooks shall not exceed ther rates capac.

1.64 When determining the rated capacity ofa crane, al accessories below the nook, such as lad

Bars, magnets, grabs, ec, shal be Included as par ofthe load to be handled
17 DESIGN STRESSES

1.71 Mates shal be propery solocted forthe srasans and work cyclos to which they are
subjected
172 Structure pats shall be designed according tothe appropriate lnits 98 por Chapter 74-3 of

this Specficaton. Mechanical parts shall be designed according to Chapter 744 of this
Specification. all tne load camying parts shal be designed eo that the calculated static stress
in the matoría, based on rated crane capacty, shall not exoeed 20 percent ofthe published
average male swengih ofthe materi,

173. The mia of stress provides a margin of strength to allow for variations in hs properties of
‘materials, manufacturing and operating coneiione, and design assumptions, and under no
condo should imply auhorizaton or protection for users loading te crane beyond Ne ated

‘capac.
1.8 GENERAL
184 Allapparaius covered by tis Speciicaton shall bo constructed in a thorough and workmanle
manner, Due regard shall bo gen inthe design for operation, access, interchangeabity
‘and durabliy of pars.
182 This Specifcation includes al applicable features of OSHA Section 1910.179 Overhead and

Gantry Cranes; ASME 830.11, Monorals and Underhung Cranes: ASME 830.16, Overhead
Hosts (Underhung); and ASME 630.17, Ovorhead and Gantıy Cranes (Top Running. Single
Ge, Undernung Host),

18 PAINTING
1.91 Before shipment, the crane shall be cleaned and given a protective coating

192 The coating may consist of any number ol cons of primer and finish paint according to the
manufacturer standard or as otherwise species,

140 ASSEMBLY AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT

1.10.1 The crane should be assembled in Ihe manufactorer' plant according to te manufacturers
standard. When feasible, the troloy should be placed on the assembles crane bg Ihe
hoisting rope l not normaly reeved unless olhenvise specifi

1402 Allpars ofthe crane should be carefuty match-marked,

1.403 Al exposed finished parts and lectrice equipment are to bo protected for shipment. I storage
ls required, arrangements should be made th the manutacurer or extra protection,

141 TESTING

1114 Testing in the manufaclrers plant is conducted accorolng to the manuiacturers testing
procedure, uniess otherwise speciied
412 Any documentation of nondestructive testing of material such as X-ay, ultrasonic, magnetic

parle, ei. should be considered as an extra em andis normaly dono only specified

1:12 DRAWINGS AND MANUALS
Normal two (2) copes of Ihe manufacturer's eearance diagrams are submit for approval,
fone of whichis approved and vetumad lo the crane manufacturer. Also, two (2) eale of
operating instructions and spare pars Information are typically fuished. Detail drawings aro
normal not furnished,

143. ERECTION
To crane erection (including assombiy, eld wiring, installation and stating) Is normally
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the oviner or specifier. Supervision of feld
assembly andlor final checkout may also be agreed upon Separately belweon the
manufacturer and the ouner or specie.

4.44 LUBRICATION
‘The cane shal be provided with al he necessary lubrication ftings. Before puting the crane
in operation, the eroctor ofthe crane sal assure that al bearings, gears, ete are lubricatod In
accordance wih the rane manufactures recommendations.

4.15 _ INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE AND CRANE OPERATOR TRAINING
1451 — For inspection and maintenance of cranes, sefer to applicable section of ASME 830.11
Chapter 11:2, ASME 890.17 Chapter 17:2, CMAA-Specifcaton #78, and CMAA Overhead
Crane Inspection and Maintenance Checklist
1.452 For operator responsibly and training, refer lo aopllablo secon ASME 820.11 Chapter 11-
3, ASME 890.17 Chapter 17-2, CMAA-Crane Operalars Training Video and CMAA Crane
Operators Manu

10

742 CRANE CLASSIFICATIONS.
21 GENERAL

244 Sonico classes have been established so that the most economical crane for tr installation
may be specified in accordance wth this Speciation

242 The crane service ciassifiaton Is based on the load spectrum reflecting the actual service
condhions as closely as possible.

243 Load spectrum is a mean effect loa, which is unlarny dstibuted over a probably scale

and applied to the equipment at a specified froquoncy. The selection of the propedy sized
crane component to perform a given function is determined by the varying load magntuces
and given load ejes his can be expressedin toms ofthe mean lec load factor

AS
where: W = Load magnitude; expressed as a ratio ofeach ed load tothe rate

‘capacity. Operation with noted load and the weight of any allachment must
be incised.

= Load probably expressed asa rato of cycle under each load magnitude
Condition fo te total cytes. The sum tota of to load probables P must
equal 10.
k= Mean effective iad actor. (Used to esabish crane service clas only)
2.44 All casses of cranes are affected by the operalng conditions, therefore for the purpose ofthe

Classifcatons, lis assumed thatthe rane wil be operating in normal ambien temperature 0°
lo 104°F (-17.8" to 40°C) and nomal atmospheric conditons (lee ‘rom excessive dust,
‘Moisture and corrosve fumes).

218 The cranes can be classified into loading groups according to the service conditions of the
most severely loaded part ofthe rane, The individual parta which are clear seperate rom
the rest, or forming a sel-contained Structural uni, can be classed into diferent loading
groups tne sendos conditions are ful known,

22 CLASS A STANDBY OR INFREQUENT SERVICE)

‘This service class covers cranes which may be used in insallatons such as powernouses,
pubic ules turbine rooms, mato rooms and transformar stalons where precise handing of
equipment at slow speeds with ong, ke periods between Mis are required. Capac loads
may be hanclod orinal instalation of equipment and for infequent maintenance

23 CLASS B(LIGHT SERVICE)

This service covers cranes which may be used in repair shops, Eght assembly operations,
service buildings, light warehousing, etc, where servico requirements are ight and the Speed!
ls slow. Loads may vary from no load to occasiona ul rated loads wth 210 8 is per our,
‘averaging 10 feet per I.

24 CLASS C (MODERATE SERVICE)

“This service covers cranos which may be used in machine shops or papermil machine rooms,
te, whore service requirements are moderate. In this ype of sendos the crane wil handle
loas which average 50 perosnt ofthe rated capacity with 5 to 10 Is per hour, averaging 15
feet, not over 50 percent ofthe ie trated capacity.

25 CLASS D (HEAVY SERVICE)

‘This service covers cranas which may be used in heavy machine shops, foundres, fabricating
plants, steel warehouses, cortaner yards, lumber mlls, ae. and standard dısy bucket and
magnet operations where heavy duly production Is required. In this ‘ype of serie, loads
Approaching 80 percent ofthe fated capacity wit be handied constantly during the working
period. High speeds are desirable fr this typeof service with 101020 Ms per hour averaging
15 foe, not over 65 percent of tho lite st rated capo,

"

26 CRANE SERVICE CLASS IN TERMS OF LOAD CLASS AND LOAD CYCLES
“The defino CMAA crane envio class In terms lod dass and load eyes shown ln Table 26.
TABLE 264

DEFINITION OF CMAA CRANE SERVICE CLASS
IN TERMS OF LOAD CLASS AND LOAD CYCLES:

or ne ErFESINELOAO
cuss I Ns Me FACTOR
u 8 e [e 035-053
u © » 0531-067
fr > 9671-085
u 0ast-1 |
Roger | regar
intent | continous
‘operation. | operation.
LOAD CLASSES

Cranes which hist the rated load excepionaly and normally, very ght loads.
Cranes whlch rarely hoist the rated load, and normal load of about 13 ofthe rated load.

Cranes which holst the rated lad fai frequent and normal, loads between Ys and % ofthe
rated load.

Lu= Cranes which are regulaty loaded close to the ated loa.

LOAD CYCLES
20,000 10 100,000 cycles
100,000 to 500,000 cycles
500,000 lo 2,000,000 eyes
Over 2,000,000 cycles

2

1743 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

31 MATERIAL

‘All structural steel shouls conform to ASTN-ASB or A992 Specifcaions, or shall be an
‘accepted type fr the purpose for which the so! ' o be used and forthe operations to bo
performed on . Other sulable materials may be used provided that the pars are proportioned
lo comparable design factors

52 WELDING

All welding designs and procedures shall conform to AWS D141, “Speciation for Welding
Industrial and Mi Cranes Weld stesses determined by load combination Case 1, Sectone
33254 and 34.4.3, shall not oxceed that shown in the appleaale Section 34.1 of Table
3.47-1 Allowable wols stresses fr load combination Cases 2 and 3, Sections 3.3 2.52 and
3.32.53 are to be proporioned In accordance with Sactons 3.42 and 34.3

33 STRUCTURE

334

332

3324
33244

33242

33243

General

“The crane girder shall bo welded structural steel box section, wide flange beam, standard |
beam, reinforced beam or a section fabricated from sttuctural plates and shapes. The
monulociurer shall pci tho type aná ho construción to be furnished. Camber and sweep
Should be measured by te manufacturer prior to shipment.

Loadings.

‘The crane structures are subjected, in senico, to repeated loading varying wth timo which
induces variable stresses In members and connections trough the teraction of tho etui
system and the cross-sectional shapes. The loads acting on Ihe stucturo aro divided into
loo diferent categories. Al the loads having an Iluence on erginaering strength analyele
are regarded as principal loads, namely the dead loads, which aro always present tho hola
load, acting during each eye; andthe inertia forces acing during the movements of cranes,
rane components, and hoist leads. Load effects, such as operating wind loads, skewing
forces, snow loads, temporaturo effects, are classified as adelonal Toads. and ave only

sidered for the gonorl strong analysis and in siabliy analysis. Other lande such as
ison, ut of service wind loads, and tes loads apples during the load test are regarded as
extraordiary loads and except or colision and out of service wind loads are not part ofthe
Spocilcaon. Seismic focos aro not considered in the design Speciation. However, 1
required, accelerations shal be specified a the crane ral elovation By the ower of specter.
“The allowable svess levels undor ths conalion of lading shall bo agreed upon wit he crane
manufacture.

Principal Loads
Dead Load (OL)

‘The welght of all effective parts of the bridge structure, the machinery parts and the fed
equipment supported byte structure.

‘Trolley Load (TL)
“The weight ofthe trolley and ne equipment attache to the trolley
Lifted Los (LL)

“The ed load consists of the working load and the weight of the iting devices used for
handing and hoicing the working load such as the load block, ing beam, bucket, magne,
gab and the other supplemental devices.

1

33244

232444

332442

33245

Vertical Inertia Forces (VIF)

The vertical noria forces include those due to the motion of the cranes or the crane
components and those due to Ing or lowering of the holst load. These acdlcnal¡oacings
‘may be Included in a smpified manner by the application of a separato factor for Ihe dead
load (DLF) an forthe hole load (HLF) by which Bie verical acing load, the member forces
or the sressos duo to them must be mil.

Dead Load Factor (DLF)

This factor covers only the dead loads of the crane, trolley and its associated equipment and
shall be taken according o:

‘Travel Speed (EPM)
2000

(DLE)=1.151.05+ sı2

Holst Load Factor (HLF)

“The hoist load factor shall bo app tothe ited load (LL) in the vertical direction, and is the
result of normal operating inert forces, loads due to the sudden iting of the load, and other
loading uncertainties that occur during normal crane operat.

‘The HLF for normal operating cranes, including cranes using permanent magnets or other
devices that do not result in abrupt handing of tre load, shal be 0.5 percer ofthe hosting
speed in feet por minute, but rot ess tan 18 percent nor more than 50 porcent.

(HLF) = 0.15 <0.005 Host Speed (FPM) < 0.5

“The HLF for cranes used or loads that ae abruptly engaged shall be at last 50% ofthe ted
load (LL). Examples of such appeations include (Put are not limited to) cranes usod wih
buckets, elecremagnels, or grappes.

Inertia Forces From Drives (IFO)

"Travel deve Ine force result fom the acceleration or deceleration ofthe crane bridge or
ol, and depend on the magnitide of torque applies to Ino drive wheels. This force shal
be delorined by appijing an IFD facto to the ed load and weight of the crane
components, incluing attachments, and shal be imposed on the crane in the direction of
bridge and ‘oly travel. The resuling nera oreo, in the drection of bridge ave that
corresponds tothe troy weight ana ited load, may be equally divided betwoun the two
bridge ors.
“The IF factor shall bo 7 8% ofthe acceleration or decelerain rate (sec), but not less than
25%. ho resuling die inertia force is based on 260% of the nominal acceleration or
‘decoration rate producos by ether the dive motor cr brake. Adaliona consideration should
be given to a cab operated crane which is equipped with a pedal operated or power assist
braking system. Due othe nature of these braking systems, the deceleration rates are ited
by the fiona force between Ihe breked whoo's and ral (Le: maximum force when Sing,
u)
IFD Factor = (2.50/32.2)x Acceleration or Deceleraton Rato acc‘) > 0.025

= 0.078 x Acceleration or Decsleaton Rate (/sec) > 0.025

For polar eranes, the IFD factor corresponding fo the troll ad ed Ion hat results fom.
father the accolralon or deceleration of the bridge, may bo adjusted by the rato of the
location of te role and Med oad tot radius ofthe crano runway ral, Dot relative o the
center of bridge rotation. However, in order to account for possible load swing, the ner
force that coresponds 6 the Ptas load and weight o he load block, shall not bo less than
115% of these loads. Furter, the nel fore that corresponde to bridge component woigts,
including dstibutve weight ofthe girders, may be adjusted by the rao of the location of the
component relative to tha conter of bridge rotation, to he ads of the crane runway ral. The
resulting forces al each end ofthe polar rare bridge ar in opposte directions.

3322

33224

33222

3323

33234

33232

Additional Loads

‘Operating Wind Load (WLO)

Uniess otherwise specified, te ateral operational oad due to wind on outdoor cranes shall be
considered as 5 pounds per square foot of projected area exposed tothe wird. Whore muliple
‘surfaces aro exposed to the wind, and ho horizontal distance between the surfaces ls greater
than the depth of Ue largest surface, the wind area shall bo considered o be 1.6 Limes the
projected area of the largest surface. For single surfaces, such as cabs or machinery
rcosures, the wind area shal be considered to bo 12 (or Mal appicablo shape factor
‘ectied by ASCE 7 mes the projecod area.

Forces due to Skewing (SK)

Wen eos ol along a ral, the horizontal forces normal fo the ra, and tending to skew the
‘Structure shall be taken Info consideration. The horontal forces shall bo obtained by
mutphng the veta! toad exerted on each wheel by coefficient Su which depends upon the

‘aii ofthe span lo te wheel base. The whee! base is the distance between the outermost
‘wheels

as

Extraordinary Loads

‘Stored Wind Load (WLS)
This the maximum win that a crane is designed to withstand during out of service condition
‘The speed and test pressure varies wi the Height ofthe crane above tho surrounding ground.

level, geographical ocaion and degree of exposure to prevaling winds (See ASCE Tas
anpicabie).

Collision Forces (CF)

‘Special leading ofthe crane structure rosuting from the bumper stops, shal be calculated wit»
‘he rane at 0, times the rated speed assuming ne bumpor system is capable of absorbing
the energy within is design stoke. Load suspended from the Lung equipment and free
cscilating load need not be takon Into consideration, Where the lead cannot swing, the
bumper effect shall bo calculated in the same manner taking into account the value ofthe
loas. Tho Kinetic energy released on he colision of te cranes with ho moving masses of My,
Ma, and a 40 percent maximum traveling speed of Vi and Vex shal be dolemined fom ths
folowing equation:

MMO, +04V,
20M, + Mi)

‘The bumper forces shall bo distbuted in accordance with the bumper characteristics and the

{freedom ofthe mation ofthe structure with the Wolly in ts worst poston,

‘Should the crane application require that maximum deceleration rates andor stopping forces
be limited due to suspended load or building structure considerations, of If bumper impact
veloctles greater tian 40% of maximum crane velocty are to be provided or, such conditions
Shoué be defined al the time ofthe erane purchase

6

16

3324

33244

33242

33243

3325

23251

33252

33253
332531

332532

332533

3326
33261

‘Torsional Forces and Momente

Duo to the Starting and Stopping ofthe Bridge Motors

‘The twisting moment due tothe starting and stopping of bridge motors shall be considered as
the stating torque ofthe bridge moto at 200 percent of fl load torque mulled by the gear
rao between the motor and cross shat

Duo to Vertical Load

Torsional moment due to vertical forces acting eccontc tothe vertical neutral axis ofthe
der shall bo considered as those verical forces. multiplied by the horizontal distance
Betwaen the contorno ofthe frees andthe shear conte of he girder

Due to Lateral Loads

‘The torsional moment due to the lateral forces actng cocenti1o tha horizontal neutral a of
the oder shal be considered as those horizontal forces mulipled by the vertical distance
between the contorno ofthe forces andthe shear center ofthe ide.

Load Combination

‘The combined tresses shal be calculated forthe flowing design cases:
Case 1: Crane In regular use under principal loading (Stress Level 1)

OL (OLEA) + TL (OLE) + LL (1 + HLF) + FD

Case 2: Crane In regular use under pricipal and ational loading (Stress Level 2)
OL (OLFa) + TL (OLF) + LL (1 + HLF) + FD + WLO + SK

Case 3: Extraordinary Loads (Stress Level 3)

Crane subjected lo out of service wind

DL +TL+ is

Crane in colision

DL+TL+LL+CF

Test Loads

CCMAA recommends test load nat exceed 125 percent of rated loa.

Local Bending of Flanges Due to Wheel Loads

Each wee load shall be considered as a concentrated load applied atthe center of whe!
contact with the flange (Figure 3.3.2.6-1). Local flange bending stresses in the lateral x) and
Tengitiina ( draclon at certain crea penis may be calculates from the folowing formulas

‘Underside of ange al lange-toweb trantion—Point 0:

it =

ay ay
Undorie of ange direct banda he! contact pon--Poi

a

x Fy = Cy

ay

“Topside of lange at lange-to-web transtion-Point 2:

Ham Harn

For tapered flange sections (Figure 3326-2)
Cho = ~1.096+ 1.096 + 0.1026
Cu = 3905-4085. - 30850 20
yo = 0.881 ~ 14782 + 1.120812
Gui = 1.810 1.1500. + 100007

212] Moins
Lt ss
ee = pub tage en rtd" nn rc)

For parallel fango section (Figure 3.3 2.63 & 4)
Oz -2110+ 1.977 + 0.007608"
x= 10.108. 7.408%.~ 10.1086"
Cro = 0.050--0.580%.+-0.1460°2
Cu = 2230-148 + 1.3006"

For single web symmotical ectons (Figure 3.2.26.2.&3)1

à er a

6
D. = section width across anges (inches)
For other cases (Figure 23.2.4)

E
aie)

islance from centerino of web o edge of ange (inches)

Load per whee! ncusing HLF (pounds)

Flange thicknoss at poit of lead application (inches)

Web thickness aches)

Distance trom edge of lange to point of whee! load application

{inchos) (Centr of wheel contact)

Napierian base = 2.71826.

33262 Tne localized stresses due to local bending ofecis imposed by whee! loads calculated at
points O and 1 ae to be combined withthe stresses due to the Case 2 loading spoctied in
paragraph 33.252 of the Speciicaton.

‘Wen calculating the combined stress, the lange bonding stress for single web girders are
to be ciminshed to 75% ofthe vale calculated per paragraph 3.3.2.6.1,

The combined stress, as determined In 2.44.1, shall not exooed the Load Case 2 alowable
Stress in able 3.4

where:

47

|
P | P P
| Point 2- Point 1
Ham SH
Pt GE Point T ale
Le in yt /2at

bY

Lower Chord of a Box Girder
Figure 3.3.2.6-3 Figure 3.32.54

332.63 Adlionaly in the case of welded plate girders only, te localized stresses on tho topside of

{he fange at the fenge-to-web transtion (Point 2) ae o be combined vith the stresses dus €
the Case 2 long specific in paragraph 3 32.52 ofthe Specification.
‘The combined stresses, In both the base metal ofthe walded ont andthe weló metal at Point
2, as determined in 24.42 ard 3.4.43, shall not exceed to allowable stresses spectieg In
Table 34-1 and Section 32, respectively. Nor shal the stress range exceed the alowadlo
show In Table 3.4.71 for joint category &

33264 The local fange bending cera per section 3.328 I lo be met In accion tothe general
tri of paragraphs 3.325 ans section 34.

33205 — Atload transfer points, consideration shoud be given to lower flange sresses wich are not
calculable by the formulas prosoriedin secon 3.3.26,

34 ALLOWABLE STRESSES

TABLE SAA
LOAD, ALLOWABLE | ALLOWABLE | ALLOWABLE | ALLOWABLE
COMBINATION | COMPRESSION | “TENSION SHEAR ‘BEARING
STRESS" STRESS STRESS" ‘STRESS
Seat CM vas Coat
341 Case 1 0806, 0600 0280, 0806,
342 case2 0686, 068 040» 2800
343 cases 07809 750% 0450 1.000

"For componoats sujet o bucking, See paragraph 348 and 948
344 Combined Stresses
Wien loading conditions ofa componen or weld produce bot tel and compressive
Strosces int arhogonal decor, cases shal be combined per 44 1. 344201
3.243 as appropriate, and tho resulting sees med tothe reepoctve allowable sess
Not hat standard sign convention ofsrsses must be vse
i 344.1 Combined avons within a component:
Team = KO (0, Y 0,0, +314) < Ou (Rok Table 24-1)
3442 — Combined arosses win te base metal ofa welded joint
One = Mo, +0,14 4 fo 0 FMI SO. ma Tess)
8443 Combinad stresse vino wold meta
Sean = lo, +0,14 fo.) +, Sm. ol anse

345 Buckling Analysis

| Local bucking, lateral and torsional bucking of Ihe web plate and loca! buckling of the
rectangular plates ferming part ofthe compression member, shall be made n accordance with
‘a generaly accepted theory ofthe svength of materias. (See Section 3.4 8).

19

2

348
3461

3462

3483

Compression Member

‘The average alle comoression stress on the cross section arca of axially loaded
Compression members svecepibe to bucking shall be caletted whon KL (he largest
‘ocive slendorness rato of any segment loss than Ce:
Cara
BE EC
MERE TAN
3" 8, 80)

te

“The average allowable compression sress on the cross section area of axially loaded
compression members suscopibla o ducking shal bo calculated when KL (he largest
‘fective slendemess ratio of any segment) cxoeeds Cs

9, RE
A 23KLTAEN

Members subjected to both axial compression and bending stesses shall be proportioned to
satis, the folowing requirements:

where: ©,

ur Cae 4 Onn 540

aber

0.15 the folowing formula may be used

rin deso
vs
K = fee nah factor
L= und length of compression member
(ads oran of member (minimum)
= mods of estity
Yl pom
the computed ai! stress
computed compressive ending rss at the point under constrain

Gh = sal evose that wil be period If all force alone existed
08 = compressive bending sess hal wil be permite if bending moment alone existed
08x = _ allowable compression stress from Section 3.4

nave
RN
N= 14Caset
N = 10022

N= 0890263
Gand Guy = a coofcent whose value Is taken tobe:
41. For compression members in frames subject o jin translation (sideway), a

2. For restrained compression members in ramos braced against join Transition and not
subject to transverse loading betwoen thelr suppor in Ih pane of bending

©.

M,
6-04[ M Joutnatessttenos
(it

here Mut isthe ratio of the smaler to larger moments at the ends ofthat porton ofthe
member unbraced in the plane of bonding under consideation. My, is postive when the
member is bent in reverse curvature, negative wen bent in single ouvre

3. For compression members in frames braced against joint translation In the plano of
loading and subjected to transverse loading between thelr suppor, the value of C may
be determined by rational analysis. However, n eu of such anayais, the folowing Values
may be used:

For membors whose ends are restrained Cn = 0.85

b. For member whose ends are unrestrained Gm = 1.0
Allowable Stress Rango - Repeated Load

Members and fasteners subject to repeated load shall be designed so thatthe maximum
¡ess does not excoed that shown in Sections 34.1 tr 3.46, nor shall the sess range
(maximum stress minus minimum svess) exceed allowable values or various categories as
listed in Table 34.7-1. The miimum stress ig considered to be negative I tis opposite in sign
to the maximum stress. The categories are described in Table 3.47-2A wilh sketches shown
in Fig. 34728, The alowable stress range ls to be based on tho condition most neatly
‘approximated bythe descrip and sketch. Seo Figure 3.4.7.3 fr typical box gréers.

TABLE 5474
ALLOWABLE STRESS RANGE - kei

CMA. JOINT CATEGORY

Service —

Class afelcl[ofele
A e | «| «|» | x | i
8 wo »| 2 2 | | uw
e aaa [soe
A al=|vjein|n

Stress range values are independent of material yield strength

a

TABLE SATA

FATIGUE STRESS PROVISIONS - TENSION (M, REVERSAL (REV) OR SHEAR (5) 5

SES

senerar

srruxron

soeur
catecoRe

oor
‘ees

‘oat

Bas tlh ond core maes Oo wap wi NT
Seuss are, om

ewe tla wa tal 1 an bod OT bal op oF
Baie ape corny conc pe at Ps
Sere esa ero ie

sr

aad ovr os tn ares Sara den ger
ES

lt dt pia ig wld ce ats Fang are
{oped enh sth or ol mens aes Be aa

Tone

‘Base ard ui mia em or panda m mes
Sr are yee scr ng sa ein m
oso ad ml seras sand by vera ag,

Tamm

Gen on neath o a owes
‘Found proves open 1 Zaapa ar 28 403) on wos
cat astas by nee wire

‘il ia i pri poston var gem ws uncon
anta eo me"

ase tan wed ae TE
(Pov wie apical erg van cr en are ih
Fn te onen guar van 12 COL) arden meee
Later come nl nd our nl ey
oracion ir

A
EZ
Ben
ee
BE

“ie perl ren ea ars

Vile prendo o econo be a

umn

CHE

020

esol ea aay lea Cd po SE

enor oni ag, ra wher o aro

rare ee recon of sets aaron y ron esting
a ot eri i a baw er

‘eal ag

Dr

Tor

CEDE

COLES

CALE

me

uo X08 1voraı Nos
LP LON Bands

348 BUCKLING

3.4.81 Local Buckling or Crippling of Flat Plates

‘The structural design of the crane must guard against local bucking and lateral torsional
bucking of the web platos and cover plates ofthe girder. For purposes of assessing buckling,
the platos are sub. into rectangular panels of length "a" and width "D." The length ol
those panels corresponds to the center distance of the ful depth diaphragms or waneveree
silfeners welded tothe panes,

In he case of compression flanges the length " of the panel Incicatos the distance between
‘web plates or the distance between web plates andor longitudinal sfeners. In the case 0!
‘web plates, the length "6" of the panel indicate the depth of the gtder or the dance
between compression flanges or tension fangos andiorhonzontal tener,

3482 Creal bucking stross shall be assumed Lo be a multiple ofthe Euler Stress 0,

Ke = bucking costicent compression
Ke = bucking coefficient shear

“The buckling costcient K, and K are dented fora few simple cases for plates with simply
supported edges In Table 3 4 8.2 and depend on:

= (aio a = a of the wo sides of tho plate
manner in whic the plato ls supported along the edges
typeof lading sustained by the plate.

Its not the intention of this Specification to enter into futher detal ofthis problem. For a
mare detaled and complex analysis such as evaluation of clasicaly restraned edges,
continuity of plate, and dotorminalon ofthe cooffcin! of resrist, rference should be made
lo specialized iterature.

‘0. Euler buckling stress which can be determined fom the following formula:

re [tT suso]

Farle.
whore:

Poisson's rato for steel = 0.3)
ickness of plate (nches)
ñ b= width of pat

If compression and shear stresses occur simultanacusly, the individual erteal buckling
‘esses 0, and 1. and he calculated stess values © and are Used to determine the Gel

Comparison stress.
Loar

2

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PTLYE'ON TIL

where: 9 = actual compression stress
T= actual shear stress
O, = cca compression stress.
1, = citical shear sess
Y= stress aio (see Table No. 34.82-1)
Inthe special case where =0 Its simply ox = 0 and in the special case where o = then

neu

tthe resulting orticl stress is below the proportona mi 0, bucking is sad to be elastic I
the resulting value is above the proportional Imit 0, , bucking is sald to be inelastic. For
inelastic buckig, the erica stress shal be reduced to

eg Salón
‘ux ~ 9.1836(6,,)' + Qu.)
where: ip =i point
In
Ge = proporonaim (assumed at 2.

3483 Design Factors
“The safety factors calculated with the ad ofthe formulas:

Inca ac tung 0,220
Int insg. 0, = Je re

‘The design factor DFB requirements of busting areas follows:

TABLES.48.34

LOAD COMBINATION. DESIGN FACTOR DFE
Ey EAN)
caso? FETTE
cased 138+ 005 = 1)

35 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
3.94 Proportions for Welded Box Girders
‘The span to section cloment ratios anal no exceed the flowing
asas
ses

nts 1000 / Jer, : when longitudinal stifeners aro rot provided

012000! Ja, : when engine ner re provided

2

30

352
352.1

3522

3523

353
3534

33311

span (nenes)
stance between web plates
(opt of beam (inches)

Web height; depth oF web pate (inches)
thickness of web plate (noes)

minimum yi strength of web plates (ki)

the compresion ange (inches)

Longitudinal Suffeners.
‘when one longitudinal stfoner ls used, it should be placed so that its centertine is
‘approximately 0.4 mes the dstanco from the inner surface ofthe compression fange plate to
the reutal ax. Il shal have a moment of inca no les than:

Mer
2 0.4+00(2\+0.9(2) a8 he
b 0850 ae)
Min two longitudinal sens are used, hey shoud e placed o tha thei colons are

‘approximately 025 and 0.55 Umes the distance, respectively, from the inner surface ofthe
‘compression ange pate fo the neutral axis. They shall each have a moment of ner no less

z[oacoa{2}s19(2} et oe

were: @ = longitudinal distance between ful doptn dlaphragms or transverse

k

stifeners (inches)
= web height: depth of web plate inches)
1 = thickness of web (inches)

A = ares ofone stttener (in?)
la. required momento ineria of one stfenos (1)

tthe stress within ho platos predominately compressive (Table 34.21; Caso 2) no depth
‘of the web shal be considered as twice the distance from tho inner surface of the
‘compression flange fo the noua axis of tne secon, when determining te required moment
‘of neta ofthe sono.

‘Tho moment of inaria of longitudinal stifeners welded to one side of a plate shall be
calculated about the interface of the plato adjacent to the siffener. For elements of the
‘tffeners supported along one edge, the maximum vet to thickness rao shall not be greater
than 127, and for elements supported long both edges. he maximum width o thickness ratio
‘hall not be gretor than 422 If he rao of 12.7 s exceeded fr tha element cine sUffener
‘Supported along ore edge, but a porton of the sener clement conforms to te maximum
widi-hiekness rato and meets the stress requirements with the excess considered as
removed, Ihe members considered acceptable.

‘Stifened Plates in Compression

en one, two or tres longitudinal ilfeners are added toa pate in compression, dviding kt
Into sogments having equal unsupported wide, ul edge support wil be provided by tne
longitudinal sffeners, and the provisions of Section 35.2.3 may be applied fo the design of
the plato when stffoners mee! minimum requirements as follows:

For ane longitudinal sifener at the center of the compression plate, where b/2 is the
Lnstifened width, Ine momon of neta ofthe sffener shal be no loss than

«= [asgeaa(2) +o( 8) be

35312

353.13

354

3541

35411

35412

‘The moment af neta need nat be greater In any case than as gen by he folowing equation:

(eze

A,
* bt

For two longtuna stifeners, each one athe td points ofthe compression plate, where 1/3

is the unstifened width, the moment of ri of each of the two silences shal be no less
than

v-[aagoas(2

Te manent ra an ce gern any o on
A, AY

-|ovse(*:)+00(4.)' be

LOC

Forte rt tore ach ee soc out oe aut with cates

here bid isthe unsifenod width, ard ited to arb<3, the moment of nara of each ef the
tres stifenere shal be no les than

4 COR ae ‘pe

longitudinal distance between diaphragms or ransuersesteners (inches)
total wits ofstifened plate; stance botween we plates (inches)
thickness of stifened pate (chos)

As area of one stifens: (m)

la = required moment olineria of one sitener (In)

Stoner shal also moot the slenderes requirements of para 352.3
Diaphragms, Transverse Stffeners, and Longitudinal Stiffeners used for shear buckling
stability of web

‘Suara box members shall have at least one full dopth daphragm at each end. When the
‘web height to thickness ratio o any structural member excoeds the otpwing, or when required
for plate bucking stably requirements per section 3.4.8, addlional ful depth diaphragms or
transverse sifenore shall be uted

hit > 24014 ty: oF > 160

When adtionel ful deoth diaphragms or transverse sttfeners are required, they shall be
spaced so tal al web panels ae in compliance with the plate Buckling stay requirements
per section 3.4, Also, the spacing shall not excood 1% Imes the web helghtor 72 inches,
\Whichevers greater, nor the distance established bythe following

BETT

Furthermore, the spacing of hese stifener at each end, and in locations where the web plate
panels contain large holes, shal not exceed the depth of the web, mr the distance establsned
by the folowing

a < 350t/V ty
were: h = web height dopth of web (inches)
a = spacing of ul dpth daphragms or transverse sffeners (Inches)
= thickness of web (inches)
Ty = nominal shear sess in web, por Load Case 1 (ki)

a

3542

3543

3544

355
3551

3552

3553

356

Eher fl depth diaphragns or transverse stiffeners may be used to meet the spacing
requirements.
“The moment of neta, about the interface ofthe web plato, of a transverse or longitudinal
‚Siffener whan used forte purpose of shear bucking tani requirements, hal not be less
tran
AS
where: h = web height depth of web, for ransverse sffeners (inches) or
length ofthe stifened pane! edge, for longtusinalstifeners (inches)
a = spacing of transverse stiffeners, fr transverse stiffeners (inches) -or

= average wid of adjacent panel o be stiffened, but no grealer than 125%

‘ofthe smaller panel with, or longitudinal stifeners inches)

thielness of web (nenes)
minimum moment of inertia of tarsverse sifener (in)
Sllfeners shall aso mee! te sendemess requirements of para, 35.23,
Wen acáiiona loading conditions exist. localized loads imposed by dive units, motor
‘supports, walk supports, ec.) special design considerations may be needed for sizing the
required stfener

‘Webs shall be reinforced wi ul depth diaphragms, transverse sífeners, or ar suitable
means, at ations of major load attachment,

Detection and Camber
‘The maximum vertical deletion of uncamberedgirders producod by the dead lad, the weight
‘of has, Valley and the rated load shall nat exceed 11600 of the span. Vertical inert forces
‘hall noi be considered in determining celecon,

“The maximum vertical deflection of cambered giders produced by the weight of the cist,
‘woley and the rated load shall ot excood 1/888 of the span. Verical nor forces shal not be
Gonaieredin determining deflection.

Box grdere and singe web grders should bo cambores an amount equal lo the dead load
<dfletion plus ono alle Ive load deflection.

Single Wob Girders.
Single web girdere include wide flange beams, standard 1 beams, or beams reinforced with
plato, or other structural confgurations having a single web. Where necessary, an auxlary
der or other suitable means should be provided lo support overhanging loads to prevent
{Und torsional and lateral deflections,

In asciton to tner applicable design ctra for structural members (Le: loadings, allowable
‘tresses, fatigue, Bucking and deflection) the maximum compression siress shall ot exceed
the following

Sone si) ER Kr eeu. (rt Tate 241)
À
Wero span (rdc ing eo arg) (chos)
= capot (che)
À = ra of enpresson argo a)
Fie = Madcon acer
= 101 Les case +
‘or toad Case 2
2 125 trans Case 3

357

36
361

362

563

364

365

37
ars

372

373
374

315

38
381

382

383

Box Section Girder Bult of Two Beams

‘Box section grder but up of two beams, either with or without reinforcing ange plate, shall
bbe designed according to the same design data as for box section girder cranes Tor stress and
eflecton values only

BRIDGE END TRUCK

‘The craro bridge shall be cared on end tucks designed o cary the rated load wen td at
fone end of the crane bridge. The whee! base of he and tuck shal be 18 of the span or
greater

End trucks may be of the rotating axle or fixed axle type as specified by the crane
manutacurer

‘Tho bridge end trucks should be constructed of structural steel or other stable materia
Provision shal be made to prevent the end Buck from dropping more than one inch In caso of
axe falle. Ral sweeps shall bo provided In front of each outside wheel and shall project
Dotow the top ofthe runway ral

Load combinations and basic alowable stresses are tobe in accordance wth Sections 3.325
and 3.4

nen appropriate, equalizer bridge trucks ar tobe incorporated to promate sharing of bridge
‘wee loads. Equalizing pins ae 1 bo provided between equalzor tuck and equalzer bears
“andor ld bridge structures.

‘OPERATOR'S CAB

“The standard location ofthe operators cab is at ane end ofthe crane bridge unless otherwise
species. shal be so located as not to interfere with the hook approach. The operators cab
‘hall be open type for indoor service unless lheruise specified. The cab shal be adoquataly
braced 19 prevent swaying or vibration, but not so as to Interere with acosss to the cab or the
vision ofthe operator. Al bots for supporting member connections should be in shear. Cab
Shallbe provided win an audible war ng douco and fre extinguisher

Provisions shall be made In the operator's cab for placement of te nocessary equipment,
‘wring and figs. AI cabs shoud be provided witha eat unless otherwise specie,

For allowable sresses, use stress level 2, Section 8.4.2.

‘The controles or their operating handles aro located ns shown in Section 5.7. or the cab
locaton, unless otherwise specified

The means of accoss and egress tothe cab should conform to ASME Standards 830.17,

‘STRUCTURAL BOLTING

Structural connections In the primary load path shall conform to AISC "Specicaton for
Structural Jos Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bols” Including tensile fatigue loading
requirements as applicable. (Cyclo shear need not be considered). Provision should be
made in stuctural connections for maintlring structural and machinery alignment. Zine
(galvanizing) causes stress corrosion in A480 bots and therefore galvanized M90 bolis shall
rot be used,

ASTM A307 bolts shall aot be used for structural connections In the main load path. A307
bolts used or ether connections sal conform to the AISC Manual of Sol Construction.

The nominal allowable bot stesses in accordance vith Sections 3.8.1 and 382 may be
increased by 25% for Load Case 3 (elorenee Section 3.328)

ss

39
308

392

GANTRY CRANES.

Design of ep, end te, knee brace, and sil members shall conform to applicable sections of
this Speciation.

Lateral detection of gantry lags defined as horizontal displacement o he ganty sbucture In
‘a drecion perpendicular o the runway ral ale, Ganty structure and legs shall be designed
lo have adequate stifness to Hit defecion that adversely affects the intended use and
performance of te crane. Detection during normal operations under principal and adaltional
Icacing (332.5, Load Case 2), shall nt result in violation ofthe minimum clearances required
between the crane and obstructions.

74-4 MECHANICAL DESIGN

41 BRIDGE DRIVES

41.1 The bridge dive wil consist of mor or motors diving Ihreugh a suable reduction unit oF
Units he wheels located at each ond ol the bridge.
44.4.1 When called for onthe information sheets, a cushioned drive may be provided for starting the
bridge
42 GEARING
425 The types of gearing shall be specified by the crane manufacturer. When worm gearing is
used fr travel dives, consideran should be given 1 ts oackariving characteristics
422 Al goars and pinions shall be constructed of material of adequate strength and durabit to

meet the requirements forthe intended class of service, and manufactured to American Gear
Manufacturers Associaton (AGMA) qual class 5 or bltr.
For the purpose of this Specification, alt gearing strength and durabaty shall be based on
{he horsepower required to it the rated load. Travel gearing strength and durabilty shall be
based onthe motor name pate rating. Due consideration shall be given tothe maximum brake
torque which can be appled o the dive. Alo, consideration shall bo glvon Lo te Tact that
‘gearing for travel dives transmit a larger porton ofthe avaiable motor torguo than gearing for
hist aves.

423 The horsepower rating for al spur and helical gearing shall be based upon AGMA Standard
2001.C05 (Furdamental Rating Factors and Calevation Methods for Invoute Spur and Helles
Gear Tea) Forte purpose ofthis Speciation, te horsepower formula may bo wien:

ALLOWABLE STRENGTH HORSEPOWER—

(ai. [er]

ALLOWABLE DURABILITY HORSEPOWER—

a

126000 KS,
where: Pa = allowable strength horsepower

Pa. = allowable duabity horsepower

N, = pinion speed (rpm)

6 = pitch diameter of pinion (inches)

K, = Gynamie factor strength and durabilty)

F = not face width of the narrowest of the mating gears

Ka. load dstibuton factor (strong and durability)

Ge = elastic ooffeent

© = hardnoss factor (durability)

3° = geometry factor (streng)

= geometry factor (dual)

Ps = dameralpich

Ka = rim nicknessfacor

Su = allowable bending stros for material (ps) (strength)
lowab contact ross for material (psi) (urabity)

crane class facto (trent)

Sa = crane cass factor (duraity)

Vales for ky Ka, Gp, Cn JI, Ke, Sa and Su can be determined fom the tables and cures in
AGMA Standard 2001-695. Crane dass factor Sq is tabulated in Table 42.3.2 and Sy shall
be the product ofthe machinery service factor (C) and the load factor (Ky). Su = Ca x Ky). For
Cs, tear to Table 423-1 and for, refer 1 the equation below. The remaining values Brain
10 gear size and speed.

(Maximus lod) + (Minimum ond)

TABLE 42.34

MACHINERY SERVICE
FACTORS.

“Crane Class
a

issue

©
o

‘These factors are not to be used in sizing any
TABLE 42.34
CRANELIASS FACTORS FOR “Mme al goabores. A comercial gearboxes
STRENGTH HORSEPOWER RATING 27°, O, De, Soi according to goa

Crane Class] Sa
EA
[3 =
©. E
[3 63
424 Meansshalbo provided to Insure adequate and proper breation on al gearing
42.8 Al geming not enciosed in gear cases which may constiute a hazard under normal aperaing
cordiions shal be guarded with provision for lubrication and inspection.
425.1 Guards shall bo securely fastened.
4252 Ench guare shall be capable of supporting the weight of a 200 pound person wihout
permanent eistorton, unless te guard located were is Impossible te stop on.
43 BEARINGS
43:1 The typo of bearing shall be specifed by the crane manufacturer.
432

96

‘Action bearings shall be selected to give a minimum fe expectancy based on ful rated
speed as folows:

TABLE 4324
AFBMA Lu BEARING LIFE
CREER [oso
ess 8 | 2500 Hou
CC | sooo Hous
‘Glass 0 | 10000 Haus

Use K loa factor fra appatons

Due consideration shal be given tothe selection ofthe bearing inthe event a crane ls used for
almed Ime at an Ineroasod service dass such as

EXAMPLE ‘during a construction phase"

433

434

Sleeve bearing shal have a minimum allowable unt bearing pressure as recommended by the
bearing manufacturer

Al bearings shall b provided with proper Iubricaon, Bearing enclosures should be designed
as far as practicable to exclude cit and prevent leakage o olor grease.

44 BRIDGE BRAKES

444

442

443

4431

A badge brake or non sreocoasting mechanical ve shall be provided capable of stopping the
‘mation of tho bridge within a eitanco in feat equal to 10% of ho ful load speod In foot por
minute when traveling at ful ose wth afl load,

Bridge braking means shall have thermal capacity fr the frequency o operation required by
the sence.

I bridge parking brake(s) are provided on an indoor crane, It should have a torque rating of at
least 80 percent ofthe rated motor torque, Bridge parking brake(s) provided on outdoor cranes
‘hall have a orgue rating fat east 100 percant of ho rated motor org

I parking brakes are provided they shall not prohb the use of a dit pont in the control
coat.

45 SHAFTS

454

452

453

JAI shatts, except the bridge crass-shat sectons which do not cary gears, shoul be colt
role ehafng quay or batter. Th shaft élamelr and method of support shall be as spoctiog
by te crane manufacturer.

“The bering spacing fr org shat ss than 400 rm sha ot xcees 1
= 32,0 0°

à caleuate per

where 1. = Distance betwoon boaring centers (inches)
D = Shattclameter inches)

When the shat epeed exceeds 400 rpm, the bearing spacing shall not exceed that determined
by the following formula, or the preceding formula whichever ls less In order lo avoid
objectionable vation at rca shat epoode:

(3,760,000
12N
where: Distance between bearing centers (nches)

LES
D = Shattclameter ches)
N = Maximum shaft speed (om)

“The torsional deflection ofthe bridge cross shaft shall not exceed 0:10 degreelont when 50%
ful load bridge drive rate motor torque, increased by any gear reduction between the motor
and the shaft, is apple In addon, his applied torque shal rosu in a bridge crve whee!
movement no greler than 1% ofthe wheel creurference or 1/2 inch, whichever Is less,

‘Stross Calculations

AM shating shal ba designed to most the stresses oncounterd in actual operation. Due
Consideration shall be given o the maximum brake torque which may be applied t this shat.
‘Wen signiicant stresses are produced by olner forces, those forces shal be positoned to
provide the maximum siresses at the section under ‘consideration, Impact shall not be
included

a

se

4534

Static Stress Check for Normal Operating Conditions.

AL For shafing subjected to axial loads, the siress shall be calculated as follows (for
shafing not lite by buckling)

were: {ota ai toad (pounds)

A = cross sectional area of shaft (in?)
This ail ares i ot ross +
8, Forahtinglenet bong, vo on tal be clad a fo:

bending moment at pont of examination (inch pounds)
= outside radius of shaft al point of examinaton (ches)
|= bending moment of neta at point of examination (in)

This bending stress shall not exceed ©

©. Forshafing loadin torque, the shear stress shal be calulatod as follows

Ir

whore: T = torque at pointof examination (inch pounds)
F = outside raus of shat a point of examination (inches)
J = polar momento neta of shat a pont of examination (in

This shear stress shall not exceed +

Transverse shear stress In shafing shal bo calculated as follows
For sold shat:

For holow shat:

here: V = shear load at pont of examination (pounds)
À = cross sectional area at poil of examination (in)
Ni
E. When combinations of stresses are present on the same element, they should be
combined a follows:
Axial and bending tresses.

‘These shear tresses shall not exoned

ants ected

‘Shear stresses:

and shall ot exoaed Le
E

Aal and bending with torsional shear:

CERTES]

“This stress shall not exceed

5

‘Note: For simply loaded shaftng, bending and torsional stresses are maximum on the outer
ers of te shal and must bo combined. The transverse shear stresses are maximum on ho
neural axis of Ihe shat and combine wi he Torsional slrsses but nat win the bending

2. (not

K,

Ks

Ses.
4532 Fatigue Stress Check or Normal Operating Conditions
ny shing sibjected to Ausg sesses such as tho bending in ring shits or the
Aaron n rover dives must be ecke fr fatigue, Tis checks an ano Socken,
‘1557 ond ood only be poromed ot pants ef geomevis dasontnaty where. erese
Coreentnlens exh, such sol, holes, hej, prone Mo, ic, Pre sess,
Comi) we 1 Do caldaed as in Secton 2.551 except mud By De appropriate
Stexssmpicaonacor. The alone stresses area ala:
a Droste and bending: = Km 099 Ko 0
Teena and trans shear: f= Ka tk SE
For combined stresses viven cho drct al and bending sense are combined ih
thotorsonal arsenal ae cuatro
cam = on) A Ke) Se
ve (Ky) K
&. Forcombined tensile and shear senses when ory parto hese sinus aro Busta
|+Kyo, | #317, | arr, | se
) j | (=) | K

0 = endranc seng ot sh mas 9028 Gn Ke

1 = marge aia senil na mata

im = rian tana eng of ha ata

Gp minum ik engin hat mali

fon, = tte fe beng tra nd 1 ct ade

“a = rat pat ft sear sts no ue o Mota onde
at porto soning trend o Mang nade

TABLE 45324

23 SURFACE CONDITION FACTOR
14 | Palos Hoa esd nd npocis sa
10 | For seh Has estes and speed sng
D Fo Mach nes Garra usage nat |

Ta. = that pret the sear sess cue to huang loads

Koa = tal os ampácaton etter bonding

In © sre amlficato ar for rt union

Kor = sro amoifetonfecorfortrsoal haat

Koy = eves ream acter or arsvrc soar
roe oe car

ee autos conden tocar

46

ar

“0

454

464

462

ara
4714

4712

4743

Shating in bearing must bo checked for operating condilons. The bearing sess le calculated
by dvding the recia! load by the projected area, Le, PI = L), where sto shat daar and
Us the length in bearing. This bearing stress must not exceed SO percent of the minimum ya
fornonotating satin

This bearing stress must nat excoed 20 percent of the minimum yield for oscilaing shaflng
‘when nt limited by the bushing mater

‘COUPLINGS

(Cross shaft couplings other than fexble type, shall be steel or minimum ASTM AME, latest
tion, Class 40 astron or equal materia

"The type of coupling (other than exe) may be compression, sleeve or fangos type. Fleibie
coupling shal be the crane manufacturers standard type.

Motor couplings shal be the crane manufactures slandar type,

WHEELS

Top Running Bridge Wheels

{less other means of restrcinglaera movement are povided, wheels skal be double flanged
wih treacs accurately machined. Bridge wheels may have ether sight reads or tapered
‘reads assembled wit Ihe large diameter towards the center of te span. Drive whools shal bo
‘machined in pas vthn 0.001 ches per inch of glamor su a maximum of 0.010 inches on
the diameter, whichever case is smaller. When fargeless wheel and sido roller assemblies are
Provided, they shal be of aie and design racommenced by the crane manufacturer

‘Wheels shal be constructed of sulablo material, Wheels shall ba heat treted oni specified,
Due consideration shall be given to Ih bitoness and impact strength of ne material used
‘Sizing of Wheels and Ralls,

Wheels shall be designed to carry the maximum wheel load under normal condlions without
nds wear. The maximum wheel loads that wheel oad produced with trolley handing the rated
load in the poston to produce the maximum reaction al the wheel, not including VIF. When
‘sizing wheels and rl, the following parameters shal be considered:

wea diameter = Dénches)

tocive rat head with Winchos)

hardness coefficient ofthe wheal = K

BHN XS (for wheal wth BHN 5200)
1300 (BHN/280) (fr winees with BHN > 260)

‘The basic bridge and Loley recommended durabiliy wheel loadng for ciferent whee!
haranesses and sizes In combination with diferent fal sizes are shown in Table 47.1-4 The
values Inthe table aro established by the product af D x W x Kn action, the load acer, Kame.
the speed factor Cs, and the crane service las shol be cons dered

ere K

TSW) FLD) + SCI) SECFW)

se TAB) SID
where: BW = bridgeweight LL = trolley weight + rated load
TW = roloyweight 1 = Xispan

TABLE 47.44
‘TYPICAL BRIDGE LOAD FACTORS Kun

= CAPACITY INTONS

seanrt.[~3 Ts | 7%] wo | us Jo | 2 |
Be 2 ne nr net

a er ee ME MR ME M
CR SE SLR SR ME ME I

EE CR CI E ME WERE
Ts ro a a Tarzan
Dar fa SR EN SN ER NE NE)
Ba as 1 Me M MEME

47.14 The speed facior ©, depends on te rolalional speed ofthe wheel and is ste in Table 7:12.
‘These factors ae oblaned rom the following formulas

for RPM S315 Ge [te
360
forRPM>31.5 ALS
3285
TABLE 47.42
SPEED FACTOR Os
WHEEL ‘SPEED IN FEET PER MINUTE
DÍA IN
inches 50 100 | 15 zu | 25
5
8
3—
E
0
42
6

m

2

4745

4718

azar

‘The wheel service factor S's equal to 125 Emos the machinory sonic far Ca, and is shown
in Tabla 47.13 for the diferent service cinssifeatons. Tia factor recognizes hal rs interaction
betwoor rl and wheel is more demanding in terms of durabity tot wel signed and bre
interaction of machined parts.

‘The whee load serve cosclent Ku = Kase Cy x Sn wth the following limitations:
Ku may not be smaller than Ky min. shown in Table 47.13

“The equivalent durabilty wheel load Py shall be determined as follows:
Po = Maximum Whee load «Ky

‘The eauvalent durailty whoa load P, shal not exceed the whee! load P liste in Table 4.7.14

TABLE 47.13
WHEEL SERVICE FACTOR Sq AND MINIMUM.
LOAD SERVICE FACTOR Ka MINIMUM

[ass or
me | a | 8 | c | 0
service |”
Keun, | 76 Ts | was
Ss Tajo jiji;

TABLE 47.1.4
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE BRIDGE WHEEL LOADING (POUNDS)

T ‘ASCE
wheel | Mel | ASCE | ASCE | ASCE | ASCE | ARA- | pg yy E eee | PE
el, | aia coy | ASE | ASCE aa] obras | apna soos | ASCE | aus

inches ARAB 108 | “BETH 104" ass
A ss 1058
3 | 4200 | 5005 |
50-6600 ==
‘reo | 0000 = |
20 7600 | 000 visto | tores ==
on so 10000 16580] 17500. =
sl 8000 | 19850 | —21000 500
24880 | 20250. S1050
| 25600 | _s1800 ‘e280 | 40600
Sn sm E
Goo | 7800 E
2200 10800 =
zu $850.) 11700 | =
EN 050 | 3000 250 | 22750 =
15000 ‘25060 |_ 21800 | 220 Fasz
S 3200 | 34100 | 26880 | as
‘ered | acoso | ame | Aura | 52880
= 1
oso T
500
En 10650 aa! 6
EN 1780 Zs0s0 | — 24950 ==
= [reso | 20250 —| SM | 3550
oo | 600 asien” | anos
arsoo | 9680 | 47000 — | 5280 | 66100
7300 | en
Ds] em (Hu = =
mr nn be
9 [ramo 13560 7
H Wien | so [icono 1250 aeaso | 21000 | 28000 | 2020
121 | zon | 22080] 25800 | s4soo | Gui | sesso | 40080
5 Press | 32400 42000] ae | — 48850 | esto
E Amen | 38650 1600! em | 6600 Tannen | 59950 |

f ‘evo Wa a Ral
Hesse (ro a | ase | 1000 | 1083 | 1250 1650) 1780 us | 2125 | 2280
end nn come red) 1

on: Aono ad fr hordas whe eu Gt cs ur nd rc a re.

À rela ote edo ung se sei Nose). be wens ao ci
3. The em corner ba rn AM EAS angen ae bal,
À neral may bo octal posse

Proper Clearance for Bridge Whocls

A total of approximately 34 nen to one Inch wider than rail head, Tapered read wheels may
have a clearance over the ral head of 150 percent of he clearance provided for straight tread
‘whol as recommended by the crane manufacturer.

4.74.9 When rolling axes aro used, whoe's should be mounted on the axle with press fit alone, or
press and Keyed,

47.2 Under Running Bridge Wheels
47.21 Wheels shal bo constuciod of sulable materia, Wheels shall be heat treated only if specified,
‘All under running bridge buck wheels shal be designed to ul ne surface on whieh they un.
Drive wheels shal bo tho same diameter wihn a tolerance of 010 Inch.
4722 Wien fangeless whools aro used they and the side roer arrangement shall bo the crane
manufacturers standard
47.23 Wheols shail bo designed to cary the maximum wheel load under normal condilons, The
recommended wheel load shown on Table 4.7.23-1 i (ha load produced with the tally
handing the rated loadin a poston to exert the maximum load and may be used as a guido
for wheel sizes. It should be noted that impact is not considered in these fgures and for
‘unusual conditions consideration should be given to othe factors which are no included nthe
smoke formula on which Tabl 4.723-1 is based, Li also important to note that a reduction
in the allowable wheel load may be necessary lo sally the runway lower fange stress
requirements.
TABLE 47234
GUIDE FOR MAXIMUM WHEEL LOADS FOR UNDER RUNNING CRANES
For Contour Treas For Convex Tread
Maximum Load (P) = 1000 WD (Pounde) ‘Maximum Load (P)
Where: W= Width of wheel toad exclusive of lange (inches)
D = Diameter of whoo! (nenes)
‘Whew Dia Contour Tea
(inches [y xx Wai [wer [Wage
32000 emo | emo) enon | 800 —
5 | ~2s00—| 000 | 7500 —| 10000 | 1600 on
8 1 300016000 | sone 12090 | eve | ~ 3600 | 6400 —|— 200
7 [3600| 7000| 40500 | ao | 2100 | 4200 | ~ 300 [Bine
8 20001 000 | “12000 | 1e000 | — 2200 | 800 | — F200 | 5600
14000 | 9000| “13800 —|—teo0o | 2700 | 500 | ei 1 10800]
40] 3000 1 100001 13000 | 20000 "soon 1 ano | 0600 | 12600

“where wee! tread matches tho rollng surface o the lower flange ofthe track beam.

Note #1: Chart values are bssed on whnol wi Gina! hardnass of 200. Larger whee! oad aro
obtainale wih stable materia and with groter Banal hardnoss.

se
481

482

483
434
ass

485

[BUMPERS AND STOPS
hen provided, bridge bumpers shal be rigidly mounted in such a manner that he ataching
bols are not In shear and hey shall e designed and natniod to minimize part fling from
the crane in tre event of breakage, Bumpers and the mourtings shall be of suficient length
thal no other parts of ler crane shal come I contact when th two cranes come logelher
Bumpers stall have the energy absorbing (or dissipating) capacity to stop the crane when.
traveling wth power off in ether drecton ata spood of at least 40% ofthe raid load speed,
{The bumpers shal also be capable o stepping the crane (not inclucing load block and ited
load) at a rate of deceleration rot to exceed. an average of treo (3 feet per second por
second) when traveling wi power ff in ether direcion at 20% of rated load speed.

‘The size and location of the bridge bumpers shall be specitied by the crane manufactur.
Runway stops engaging top runing wheels are not recommended

Runway stops are normally designed and provided by owner or specifer and are located at
holis ofthe brag tava.

Runway stops sha be alached o resist Ihe force applied when contacted.

745 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
5 GENERAL

511 The etoctrcat equipment section of this Speciation is intended to cover top running and
under running badge type siglo girder electric overhead Travolng cranes for oporation with
‘akemating current or rect current power supplies.

512 The proposal ofthe crane manufacturer shall Include the rating and description of all motors,
brakes, control and protecive and safety features.
543 Tho crone manufacturer shall fumish and mount al electrical equioment, conduit and wing,

unless otherwise specie. I tis necessary to parlaly dsassemble the crane for shipment, al
nd and wiring affected shal be cut 1 engih and identified to faciale reassembly. Bdge
Conductor, runuay colectors and other accessory equipment may be removed or shipment.

54.4 Wing and equipment shall comply with Ati 610 of the National Electrical Code.

5:15 Electrical equipment ahall comply with ASME 830.11 Monoral and Underhung Cranes, ASME
1830.16 Safety Standard for Overhead Hoists, and ASME 890.17 Overwad and Gantry
Cranes (op running bridge, single leer, undorhurg host}

52 MOTORS-AC AND DC

52.1 Motors shall be designed specially for crane and hoist duty and shall conform to NEMA
Standard NG1 or AISE Standard No. 1 or 1A, whore applicable, Designs notin accordance
‘wth these standards may be specie

52.1.1 AG inducion motors may be wound olor (ep ring) or squivel cage (single speed or
‘mulispeed) types.

52.12 DG motors may be of series, shunt, compound wound or permanent magnet type.
5213 AC Motors used with Invortors:
52.1.1 Motors shall be AC Induction (ow slp) type.

2.1.82 — Motor construcion shal be TENV, TEFC, motor with independent blower or open dtp proof
‘ype

52.133 _ Motor Insulation should be Class F rated and should be Mhermaiy protected with sensor
‘embeddod in the motor wining.

521.34 | Motor selection shall be based on proper horsepower calculation for Ihe ive ofthe required
‘sence css. The motors duly rating should be based onthe service class and on the speed

range required for Ihe appicatos.
522 Motorinsulations
Unless otherwise specified by the crane manufactures, the insulation rating shall be in
accordance wth Table 52.21.
TABLE 5224
[NEMA Permissible Motor Winding Temperature Riso, Above 40 Degrees C Ambient, Measured by Resistance"+
AC. Motors DC. Motors
Trauer Cass | Open Diproot& TFC | TENV Open Diopreat | TEFCRTENV
© Ema ET 100Deg.C | 11005.
F 108 Dep. © 10 Deg. © 150 eg. 6 | MODeg ©
EE 125089. € 135009. © 185 Deg € | 165009. ©

“ambient temperatures exceed 40 Dog. C, the permissole winding temperature rise must bo decreased
by the same amount, or may be decreased per ho applicable NENA Standards.

The crane manufacturer vil assume 40 Deg. C. ambient temperature unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser.

4

528 Motors shallbe provided with anton bearings.

524 Voltage
[Motor rated voltage and corresponding nominal system voltage shal be in accordance vith
Table 52.4-1 (References: AC-ANSI CB4.1-1977, Appendix and Table CS; also NEMA MG 1

1082).
TABLE 5244
NOMINAL SYSTEM AND MOTOR RATED VOLTAGE
Nominal eter
System Rated
SOURCE | DESCRIPTION Voie Voñage
| BE | 06 TT
o en
nn a Ea]
E 60 =
aan 8 =
E 400 EN =
ASS Vene
ao Sor Compound
E
ae OT — 206)
cies aso 1
tulo EEE
©,
500 Nan
co | A = 250 23007240 (98)
Eat

(1) Arplca to a nominal system votages coraing hie vag,

(2) Fer nominal system vokagos other han areum above tho malo rated vokage shoud be eine the
ame the nominal system vag or related o ro nominal yam vonage bythe apport,
"al of 118 to 120, Catan ds of equ pent havea maximum vage ln f 600 vl the
‘anufaitr andr power supsiar should be conos aseo proper space.

(8) Petommanen w et necessary equal ated pavomarca uhen apprecable role = present.

(@) ASE Sid No 1. Rev. 63 Eecical2 (nl motor)

(©) ASE Sts No. 1 Rev. 968 Elsa! (m! motos.

(©) NEWANG 1.106228 Tab 109 (nent motor),

(7) NEMA NG 110822 8 Table 10.10 fun motor).

(8) Motor ral votag may be 250 vets for largo ame matos 300 hp and ge,

(9) Maximum motor pal vage

6244 Varlations—AC

5.2.6.1 Variation from Rated Voltage, .
‘All AC induction motors wi rad frequency and balanced voltage appied shal be capable of
‘accelerating and running vith rated hook load at plus or minus 10 percent of rated motor
voltage, but not necessary at rated voltage performance values. (Reference NEMA MG 1.
1245),

52442 Vatogo Unbalance
AAC polyphase motors shall be capable of accelerating and running with rated hook load when
the voltage unbalance atthe motor terminals does not exoeed 1 percent. Performance wil not
necessary be the same as when the motor fs oporaling witha Balanced voltage a he motor
leminals. (Reference NEMA MG 1-12.46)

5242

525

526

s27

5274

5272

528
5284

52841

Variations -DC

DC motors shal be capable of accelerating and running wih ratod hook load wit applied
‘armature and foi votages upto and ncuding 110 percent ofthe rated values ofthe selected
Adjustable vorage power supply. With rectfied power supales Successful operation shall
resul when AC Ene votago variation is plus or minus 10 percent of rated voltage Performance
‘anol necessary be In accordance with the standards for operation al rated voltage.
(Reference NEMA MG 1-12.68).

Operation with voltage variatons beyond those shown in Secions 5241 and 5242.
‘Operational reduced voltage may resul in unsalisfaciory divo perfomance with rated hook
load such as reduced speed, slower acceleration, creas. motor current, noise and heating.
Protective devices may operate stopping the dive in order to protect the equipment. Operation
Al elevated volages may resul In unsalelsclry operation, such as, excessive “orques.
Prompt corrective action I recommended the urgency for such acton depends upon many
factors such as the location and nature of the ead and crete involved and the magnitude
and curation ofthe deviation of the volage. (References ANSI C84.1.2.4.3 range, B also IEEE
Standard 141)

Deviations from rated ins frequency andlor combinations of deviations of Ine frequency and

voltage may resut in unsatisfactory dive operation. These conditons should be reviewes
based onthe type o chive used

‘Motor Time Ratings

‘Single speed motors shal bo rated on no less than a 30 minute bass with tomperatur is in
‘accordance wih Ihe latest NEMA standards for the class of insulation and enciosure used,
unless cheruise spect.

Mulispeed motors may be rated ess Ihan 30 minutes on the lw speed winding so long as the
‘rane bulider data sheets so indicate,

{Under unusual conditions, such as long Is at reduced speeds, abnormal inching or Jogging
requrements, short repeated travel drive movements, alles over 3,300 fet abave sea
level, aonormal ambient temperatures, ete, the motor tie rating must be increased
‘coringy

Bridge Motor Size Selection

“The bridge motor rating using other AC ar DO power. Is basically the mechanical horsepower
with considerations fr th affect of corto, and ambient temperature

Indoor biége motor required horsepower

Required Motor Horsepower:

“The bridge motor shall be selected so hal the horsepower rating s nt les than that given by
‘the fling formula:

HP KW VI
where: = accoeration factor for type of
serie factor which accounts fo the typo of drive and duty cyte

K used
Ko
K, = 1.0for AC magnetic and DC adjustable voltage contol. For other
w
v

‘pas of control consul control manufacturer.
= total weigh to be moved including al dead and Ive loads (tons)
fated dive speed (FPM)

a

“

For the general caso of bridge dives:
2000

DK, “Ny
where: = rolingfécton of dive (nctuding transmission losses) in pounds
per ton
(Ref, Table 5281.40).
= average or ocuaan uno Belege rat in feat por second por

second upto rates mate rpm. For guider, ane Tale 828 1-4 and Taie
Serre

Gi = etalon! neta ator,

WK’ of erate ood + WK? ofr
= "WE oferane & Toad

1.05 + (75) MR is known

9 = 322 fosas second per second
E = mosranal alley of deve machinery expressed as a per un

decimal For guidance seo Table 28.11
N. = ated sp06d of motrin om at fotos,
Me = tros ing rpm of moor whan vig al spon V (se seo Section 5.2.1).
= courant inc sat torque relive lated moor ogo wich resi

in accelerating upto tae motor cpm (N) Inthe samo Une as Io seu
arabe torque spesd characte of tho roto and core characte
‘see Soo Table 82.811 for pi values of

TABLE 52844
‘Typical Efficiency Values

Ús | +
a =
ES oa
D an tia Sh no vn nde
e a
TABLE 5241-4
cui oro ston
reteset a
r Free Running a = Acceleration
a Sa Son
Foot SS.
+ ee
= ern
we Pan
ale eat
E E e

‘Tae acta action aes shal be anced to ascot or proper pofrance cg such tor as
clin ne fs nnn ie, moi an rear hear, ay ico, nd sit copan, ar Pook,
“ving (The acsealon ale anal rt excad vos shown iba 82811) To mad Wheat
‘Scag scan rt nou not raed ne vss shou Tae 828.1.

* ForDG amies motos o acen to eva caiga on seas eis Ti woud be
ino argo 01501 0 ron fie un tum ape

TABLE 523.148
Guido For
Maximum Acceleration Rate to Prevent Wheel Skidding

Percent of ven Wheels | 100] 50 [3935] 25 [1607
es Rezoraton Rao Feet

ea | 26] 18 | 12 | 08

-WotRale-tacesen | 29 [15 | 10 | o7 | os
¿2 Contient afro

‘The values in tho above table are based upon the peak acceleration torque being equal to
1.33 mgs the average scceleraton torque

TABLE 52814
Recommended Values of K,

(Gecelorting Torque Factor)
[Tipe titer Type of Coal Ki
[viana Rae Conso nor Ent
[Eke Wena er Sa Si EXE]
[ese cone alee Resto “2
AS ver a is
DES Mom ‘jae Vago 18
De Series Wound Contactor Resser 20

“KI a funtion of control andlor resistor des.
Low end of range I recommended when permanent ip resistance l used.

TABLE 529410

Suggested Values for f Frition Factor) for Bridges
‘with Metals Wheols & Anti-Friction Bearings.
Wheel Dia. Inches sw || ml s|o|s5|a
Fision [ms is | 16 | 8 | 8 | te | we | ve | zo
Lan) [Unser Running | — [ie | 18 | 18 | 20 | ao | 2

Note 1 - Forerane equipped wit sleeve bearings of noral proportions, a een factor of 24 pounds porton may
Buse

Noto 2 Tno above tito ‘ators ra toque medicos fr cor varie such a ow li} worm
ag, ron more wha, spac bomtrgs, and ra al condon.

52812 Latiude is parmited In selecting. the nearest rated motor horsepower over or under
the requited horsepower to ulllzo commerdaly avalable motors. In either case,
conaideration must be given lo proper perfomance of the dive

528.3 Outdoor Cranes: Bridge drive motor horsepower for outdoor cranes.

“

528.134

528.132

528133

5281.34

529

Corpo ie rar ia no ronca at ddr po,
‘dingy din ae loa eas
are
zoo
ste! Wood ac ono)
V = fullload speed (pm)
1 = hoon aero prt pe Tete 528-10
Cone ne te rin rg mot spon od ec ony (1, a
Ben
un, nd
Some
r= vind see né pr ag cop mul
Ve = vin (e
ven Ve neti P= 8 panes par eur sou be usd
Wind ae = te cra aut: men eg id in sire fc a amp
ats
fullload speed (tpm).
= ge din mostra no
Tne teo at abe ed e a oporto hante
ine tran iy S28 a O Dels o
pee
Sra Fake
Ug hr sto
vin
375" crio cs al one eaten, or aan plats
ger stare beso kita jo bo e ae
ECS
tec isa Tate 529416
Ice wes hn vd td ao or aig noms str
aa one e ación nd Sh DD
maniac
To Flo tr mst econo he rt Ego dive design fare paper
pois
SEES pa ws ow on
a. Pe een nn ano wt wh
5. Alam ch ps de puta gi vi
€ Brigade ny cnt cl un ver eh xs o amant
man spd ea an matey
Auen of whe sed wich Mal ac ua ar en
‘est nd nse
©. Smen rag anno nine ap gee
Beige ive Guar Raton
cn gr = Mr

where: Nr = fre running rpm ofthe motor, after the drive has acclerated, wih ated load
tothe steady State speed Y,

02ER

‘The value of N ie established fom the molor-conrol speed-iorque curves at free
running horsepower (HP).

wxvxr Winer:
W = total load (one)

{religion (pounds per on) por Table 52.8.1
= specified ful load travel ve speed (pm)

Dy, = wheel read clameter (inches)

Fa

5294 Varisions from the calculated gear rao ie pomissblo to facitate Ihe use of standard
‘avaiable ralos, provided that motor heating and operalonal performance is not adversaly
affected. The actual fl load drive speed may vary a maximum 0 10 percent ofthe speciied
fullioad speed.

52 BRAKES

531 Types of electrical brakes for the bridge when provided shall be specified by the crane
rmanutocturer

5.32 Refer to section 44 of his Spoclcalon for bridge brake selection and rating.

53.3 Holding brakes if provided shall be applied automatically when power to the brake is remove.

53.4 On direct current shunt brakes lt may be desirable Lo Incude a forcing cc to provide rapid
‘setting and release,

535 Brakecaltmerating shall be selected for no duration and frequency of operation required by
the serie.

53:8 Broke for the volley is recommonded wth use ofan inverter when proper braking and three

phase monitoring 1 not provided In the VED.

5.4 CONTROLLERS, ALTERNATING AND DIRECT CURRENT

541

542

543

544

5441

5442

‘Scope - This secton covers requirements fr soloting and controling the direction, speed,
ccaeralon and electrical broking ofthe bridge and travel motors. Other conil requirements
Such as protection and master swlches are covered In other sections, This section also
‘covers the requirements for hoist and trolley travel controls if not supplied as an
Integral part of the monorall hoist.

On cranes with a combination of cab with master switches, and pendant foor conto, the
applicable Speciicatons fr cab controled eranes shal apaly. On for oporaed cranes were
the pendant master is also used In a skeleton’ cab, the applicable Specifications for oor
controlled cranes shal apply.

On remota controled cranes, such as by rado or carter signal the applicable flor conto!
Specifications shall app}, unless otherwise specified,

Control systems may be manual, magnetic, ati, variable frequency or variable voltage DC or
in combination as spectied,

Hosts shall be fumishod wih a contol braking means, other machanical or power. Typical
mechanical means include mechanical load brakes or selFiocking werm dives. Typical power
means include dynamic lowedng, eddy-current braking, countertorque, rogeneralve braking,

Bridge and Trolley Travel
Va the exception of oor operated pandant contol class A, B & C cranes, all bridges and
trolleys shall be furnished wth reversing contol systems incorporating plugging protection.

Typcal plusging protecton includes a magnotc plugging contactor, ballast resistors, sip
duping, motor characteristics, or stale controles orquo.

st

52

545
5454

5452

Magnetic Control

Each magnetic control shal have contactors o a size and quanliy for stating, accelerating,
reversing, and slopping. and for the specified CMAA crane Servico clase. Al reversing
Contactos shall be mechanicaly and electrical interocked,

‘The minimum NEMA size of magnetic contactors shall bein accordance with Tables 5.4.8.2-1
‘AC Wound Rotor, 5.452-2 AC Squirel Cage, 5.4.52-3 DC, and Tables 566-1 and 5662
Mainline Service. Deinite purpose contactors spectially rated for orane and hoist day
‘Service may be used for CMAA crane service classes A, B, and C provided the applcation
‘does not excaed the contactor manulacirefs published ratings. IEC Contactors may be used
for Crane and Hoist duty service proved the application does not exceod the contactor
manufacturers published AGS ratings at minimum.

TABLE 54524
{AC CONTACTOR RATINGS FOR WOUND ROTOR MOTORS

A Maximum intermittent Rating"

So | re [ Horsepower at
A || dan
CRE

5 = FE Ban er

n > 2 ut
= = e
B te ir

‘wound rotor miner contcor shal be ete 1 be nt es than Ia caret and Dre range
loud oto secondary canins sha bo slt als than he moto Rod matar Sate
‘ang coacior meri ain. The ampere emo ring la tee pu secan) Coco wih
Solos deta al ba 1% tos wound rr name ng

TABLE 5452.2
AC CONTACTOR RATINGS FOR SQUIRREL CAGE MOTORS
MAXIMUM INTERMITTENT HORSEPOWER RATING

Size of] 20 | Hands
Coniactor| Vals | "Vois
0 ni a
E 7 [10
7 % 27
Sm 507

“Sout age motor ove 20 hrsepeun ar et ny van freee tons

TABLE 54529
DC CONTACTOR RATINGS FOR 230 VOLT CONTROLS"

our Open | Maximum termin Rating
Stef | Peur O7 | Macmum nieritentRaing |
comicios | ‚ME, | ampores | Horepower

7 = E TE

2 Fi # 1

3 ES E

For constan pte OS es or han 25016 250 vo, fora NEMA CS O pst 3 Tae 24,

Foc auna otage DO are al volge ehr han 239 von he contact capomar singe bo
roc ropotona ls vaga 1 mate 00 vee,

5453 The minimum number of esatr stepping contactors, ime delay devices and speed ponts for
AC wound rotor motors ana DC motors shal be as shown in Table 6.1.31.

TABLE 54534
MINIMUM NUMBER OF RESISTOR STEPPING CONTACTORS,
‘TIME DELAY DEVICES AND SPEED POINTS FOR MAGNETIC CONTROL

[ Hin,
RESISTOR | MIN.NO.OFTIME | MIN.NO.OF
STEPPING DELAY DEVICES | SPEED POINTS
Horsepower | CONTACTORS (Ses Note2) (Se Note 3)
(See Note 1)
MAA CLASS. CURA CLASS ‘GHAR CLASS

RELEASES LAS ol ©
‘AC WOUND ROTOR SECONDARY RESISTORS

‘GAB CONTROL CRANES.
Less than AHHHHHHHE
sme | sa lala)ıl2)2Jjalalı
simo | x | 4 | 4 |i | 3 | 3a al 5 | s
AG WOUND ROTOR SECONDARY RESISTORS:
FLOOR CONTROL CRANES
tester [ATT TA tit 2s. 3 TT

Grater han 30. | Some a8 fo cab cont canes
DC MOTOR SERIES RESISTORS (9230 VOLTS

(GAB CONTROL CRANES.

tests [STATS] I 2] 2 47a] s

sme | a fa} ala toe} | as | s

16 tra 35 3 La La Vs ls | | 4 | sis}
DC MOTOR SERIES RESISTORS @ 230 VOLTS ]

FLOOR CONTROL CRANES
ems PTIT |: 1312131713
wie [313131212 151<14 0105

¡Greater han 20 | Same as or eb conte canos

10 percent lp estanca or ne (1) atonal contactor sal previas on Bdge and oy ves

“Numbers show apply to be and wee dives. or hil, a minimum cto (2) me delay des ae
‘eater he holt rection

Noe: One (1) contactor af the number shown maybe uses fr pigalng on ie a lly cools or kw
torque on hast coros.

mer than no (1) luggng sp ued, ational contactors may be required

Note 2: Puga detection means en be eo 1 prevent laure tho plugin contactors unl the bridge ar
‘olay eve has reached approximately zero apoco

Note 3:A speea point may be mansa hand console, er automaticas required.

‘The minimum umber a operator salon hand cototed speed ports sal be tro 2) in each ion esca
ole

(8) Class © and D cab operated host contol wi fur (8) e moro resist stepping contactors sal have
Timm five (6) and contol speed poi in cn dracon,

(9) Clas A and B, controlar for AC wound rolor motors ls tan 8 horsepower shahave miimum a tw (2)
Rand convoled spa ports loach doctor

(6) Conroler tr or operated ridge and oly motions shal havo a minimum af are (1) hard controlo
Speed ponts In cn rec

(6) Win specie, ai pin (m meto power, ra release) al be Included as a hand conteo speed
Pantin adótn to ho ao minimum requzamants for ego and le mesons.

5454

545
5451

5462

5463

5464

5405

5468

5487
5468

5489

547
sara

‘On mattemotor drives, the contactor requirements of his section apply o sach motor
Inavdualy, excep I one set of ino rovereing contactors is used for al motors in paral, thon
the Ine contactors shal be sized for ho sum of th individual horsepowers, The resistor
stepping contactors may be common multpl devices, i desired. An Individual set of
Acceleration resistors for each mola shall e provided unless olherwise spec. Timing
shall bo done win one (1) se of Ime dolay devices.

Stat Control

State power components such as rectifiers, fonts, resistors, ele, as required shall be sized
ri due consideration of the motor ratings, drive requirements, service class, dy cycle, and
application inthe conto

Magnetic conacios i used shall be ated In accordance with Section 54.52.

Static contol systems may be regulated or romregulated, providing stepped or stopiess
‘control using AG or DC motors, a specified

Travel Drive Systems may be speed andlor torque regulated, as specifed. It a spocd
regula system is selected the method of deceleration to a slower speed may be by deve
fiion or drive torque reversal, as specie, Holt drives are assumed lo be inherent speed
‘regulated and due consideration shall be gon to the avalable speed range, the degree of
speed regulation, and optional and foal,

Primary reversing of AC motor dives shal be accompllhod wth magneti contactors or static
components as spectied. When State components are used, a line contactor anal be
furnished forthe drive.

Current and torque ting provisions shall be included not to exceed the motor design
limitatons, and with consideration for desired aceuaration,

Control torque plugging provisions shal be Included for bridge ar wally dives,

Permanent sip resistance may be included providing due consideration is given tothe actual
motor speeds underrated conditions

‘The crane Specifcatons shal state whether the holst motor horsepower used with state
Cantal is onthe bass of average hoising and lowering speed with rated load or on In basis
‘factual olstg speed to

Enclosures

Control panels should be enclosed and shall be suitable for te environment and type of
control. The Hype of enclosure shall be determined by agreement between the purchaser ana.
the crane manufacturer. A typical non-ventiated enclosure may be In accordant one of
the folowing NEMA Standards publication ICSE classieations:

ENCLOSURES FOR NON-HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
Typot - General purpose Indoor.
Type +A + General purpose Indoor - Gasket.

(Note: Type 1-A enclosure is not curently recognized by NEMA)
Type2 Dépproof- Indoor.
‘Type 3 - Dustsightralmight and soot resistant, lo-rsistant- Outdoor,
Type IR - Rain-proof and sleot-esitan, ico esistant - Outdoor.
Type 8S - Dust ralnight and soa (oe) pr00f - Outdoor.
Type 4 - Wateright and dustght - Indoor and Outdoor.
Type AX > Wateraight, dust ight and corosiomresistant - Indoor and Outdoor,
Type 12. = Industial Use- Dust-ight and drp-ight- Indoor.
Typo13 - Ollght and dustsight- Indoor.

5472

5473

ENCLOSURES FOR HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

Type7 - lass, Division and, Group A, B,C, ar D - Indoor Hazardous Locations - Ar
break Equipment

“Type 9 - Class IL Division | and il, Group EF, or G-IndoorMazardows Locations Al
break Equipment

Enclosures containing devices that produce excessive heat or ozone or devices that require
tooling for proper operation, may require vertiatio means. These enclosures shall be
{equipped wih the necessary ventiaton such 8 louvers or forced cooing. Al Mers or sinlar
‘vices may be necessary depending on the environment. Since the orginal denon of ne
fencosire per is species ype may be somowhat altered by the nature of the ventlaion
‘means, the final design shall meet he functional intent,

Unless ohenwise specified, onclosures for electrical equipment other than controls shall be
Stable forthe envionment, and in accordance wit the lolouing practices:

(2) Auzlary devices such as safety ste, junction boxes, transformers, pendant masters,
Tightng panels, main Ine disconnects, accessory drive control, brake reculer panes
limit sutlches, ele, may be suppl In enciosures other han specified for the control
panel

(©) Resistor covers for indoor eranes, required to prevent accidental contact under normal
‘operating conditons shal include necessary screening and vontiaton. Resistor covers
{or outdoor cranes shal bo adequatay ventiated.

(6) Brako covers:
1. Brakes, for Indoor cranes, may be supplied without covers.
2. Brakes, for outdoor cranes, shall be supplied with covers.

55 RESISTORS

551

552

553

554

Resistors (except those in permanent sections) shall have a thermal capacity of not les than
NEMA Class 190 series for CMAA crane service classes A,B and C and not less than NEMA
Clas 160 series for CMAA sence dass D.

Resistors used with power slectical braking systems on AC hoists not equipped wit
mechanical load brakes shal have a tema capacity of not ess than NEMA Class 160 sees.

Resistors shal be designed to provide the proper speed and torque as required by the contol
system used.

Resistors shall be installed with adequate ventilation, and with proper supports to witstand
Vibration and to prevent broken pars or molten meta fling om the crane.

56 PROTECTION AND SAFETY FEATURES

561

582

, 583

564

AA crane ciscomectirg means, ether à cumen-rated cicut breaker or motor rated such,
Jociatle in the open poston, shall be provided in the leads from the runway contact
‘conductors or oer power supply.

“The continuous current rating ofthe sich or crei broaker in Section 5.8.1 shall no be ess
than SO percent ofthe combined short ine moto ful load currents, nor ess than 75 percent of
the sum ofthe short me fl ad currents ofthe motors required for any single crane motion,
plus any alone! loads fed by the device.

“The disconnecting means in Section 5.6.1 shall have an opening means located where i is
ready accossioo o the operators slalion, ora mainline contactor connected afer he device.
In Section 6.6.1 may be fumished and shall bo operable from the operators station.

Power cuit faut protection devices shal be fund in accordance with NEC Sections 110-
9 nterupirg Rating. The user shall state the avalaolo faut current o the crane manufacturer
shal salen the Specification the inter ping rating being fumished

55

588 Enrehctu PONS pr MEC Exton 1042 Bach Cre Pte,
a8 ‘Seg és ai sn wets ul i mann Tones EEA cic
abate at Sec ate e Sect ne
EL
&-hour Os ‘Maximum | Maximum Total Motor Maximum Horsepower
sire ot | QU OPE” | imemient Horsepower ‘or any Motion |
cate] rae | Bulag EE ars
as | O | es | ORES | nv | 0
> ee ee
== 3 Te Fa bt
me RSS me;
RS mm mm mm
raser
armes are ne BEER pe conragrons
ETS HE
sa [ee | theron e azine
Contactor | Open Rating Duty Ratır ‘Horsepower: rey
Ampores pré) e Motion
mr 5 = 7
z A z 2 =
a — 2 a
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‘he folowing apo

(a) Power is supplied from the craneo: contro system, and the supply voltage is greater
than 20VAC RMS, 42VAC peak, or 60 VOC relative to ground.

(©) The groundng conductor shal be provided in accordance with Asilo 610 of NFPA 70:
National Eletial Codo.

56-18 An emergency stop / stop such shall be provided on each operator control device and shall
‘oe within reach ofthe operator in any operating positon. The stop such shall open or de-
úenergizo a power device (Le. mainline contactor thal is not required to open and cose during
Formal run stop operations. A fal-saí rout shal bo lized to implement this provision.
Except fr wireless control dewoes (such as radio or infrared remote conta), the stop culty
shal be harcurred and not dependant on programmable logic douces. Al equipment notion
‘stopped by the stop controle shal be capable of boing re-started only by delberate action or
Sequence of actions by the operator

57 MASTER SWITCHES

57.4 Cab controlled cranes shall be furnished wih master switches for his, Voley and bridge
motions, ss applicable, Uist are located win aca ofthe operator

87.2 Cabmaster swehas shall be provided with a noch, or spring rotum arrangement iach, which,
inthe off postion prevents the hand rom being nadvertony moved to the on” postion

5:73 Tho movement of each master such handle should be in the same general drecton as Ihe
resutant movement of the lead, excapl as shown in Figures 5.7.34 and 57.30, unless
cthervise specified.

574 The arrangement of master aves should conform to Figures 5.7.30 and 6.7.9, unless
‘otherwise specified.

57.5 The arrangement of other master switches, lover suites or pushbutons for controller, other
than hai, trotey or bridge, (euch as grabs, magnetic disconnecs, tumiables, ete.) are
rormaly specified by the manufacturer

57.6 Ia master snitch is provided for a megnel controle, the "it drection shal be toward the
‘operator and the "drop direction away rem the operator.

57.7 Craresfumished with skeloton (dumany) cabs are to be operated via he pendant pushoutton
Station and thereby do not require mastor svitches unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser.

57.8 Master sufiches sal be clearly labeled o indicate thelr functions

58 FLOOR OPERATED PENDANT PUSHBUTTON STATIONS

58.1 The arrangement of pendant pushbuton stations should conform to Figure 5.4.1 unless
‘otherwise agreed between ho manufacturer and over.

582 Pushbutlone hal etum lo he of positon when pressure is released by the crane operator.

583 Pencant pushbutton salons shall have a grounding conductor between a ground terminal in
the sion and the crane.

5.84 Thomeximum voltage in pendant pushbutton stalons shal be 150 Vols AC or 300 Vois DC.

585 Pusibutons shall be guarded or ehyoudes to prevent accidental actuation of crane mations,

sr

tel
JE WW] ES
= EST E oo 1]
cy = 0 t=
DES mer

RECOMMENDED ARRANGEMENT OF CONTROLLERS.

Fig. 6708

OZ
th
9 ke y tunes
a RH! A
0 t= —
‘atta Gab West] Tight Gab
conte,
atte rane

RECOMMENDED ARRANGEMENT OF CONTROLLERS.

Fig. 87:30

586

587
588

589

“Stop pushbuftons hal be colored red.

Pendant pushbutton station enclosures shall be as defined in Section 54.7 32.

Pendant pushbulon stabons shal be supported in a manner that wil protect the
conductors agains san

Minimum wire size of muticonductor fesible cords for pendant pushbutton stations shall be
#16 ANG unless otherwise permed by Ace 610 ofthe National Electrical Codo.

Joctical

59 LIMIT SWITCHES

EN

592

503

584

595

598

‘The hoist motion of al ranes shall be equipped with an overtravel mi switch inthe raising
rection to stop hosting motion. If a geared or olhor limit switch or device that operates in
felation to drum tums is used, an adiigral mi switch or device that operates Independent of
rum turns shall bo provided,

Interupton of the raising motion shal not itefer wit the lowering malon. Lowering of the
Bock sal automatcaly reset the mit Sich unless olnenwise specified

“The upper limit such shall be power eu type, contol Cru type or as specified by the
purchaser The manufacturer proposal hal state which types being fumished,

Lower Fit switches shall be provided where the hook can be lowered beyond the rata hook
travel under normal operating condiions and shall be of ne control cuit ype.

“Trolley travel and bridge travel imi sulicnes, when spocifed shall be of the control circuit
type.

“The to point of lit switches shal be located to allow for maximum runout distance ofthe
‘motion boing stopped for the braking system being used,

540 INSTALLATION

5101

5402

Electrical equipment shal be so located or enclosed to provent the operator from accidental
‘contact wih iva parts under normal eporating condons,

Electrical equipment shal be installed in accessible locations and protected against ambient
environmental condiions as agree toby the purchaser and the crane manufacurer

5.41 BRIDGE CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

11

512
sns
sata

“The bridge conductors may be bare hard drawn copper wire, hard copper, aluminum or steel
Inthe form of st shapes, suite cables, cabo reel pickup or other suitable means to meet
the particular appeation and shall be sized and installed in accordance with Ale 610 ofthe
NatonalElectcal Code,

‘local conditions require enclosed conductor, they must bo specified by aumer or spect.
“The crane manufacturer hal state Ihe po conductors tebe furished,

“The published crane intermittent ratings of manufactured conductor systems shal not be les
than the ampaciy required forthe crultn which they are used.

so

so

FIGURE 524
PENDANT PUSHBUTTON STATION ARRANGEMENT

In each user location the relative arrangement of uit on crave Pendant pushbuton stations should be
Standardized. In the absence of such standardization, suggested arangement is shown in Figure 5.8.1

3
Kon
Q

autour |

Q

ende

sms

sms

Curent colector, I used, shall bo compatible withthe typeof contact conductors fumished
and shal bo rated for the ampacty of tha cult in weich they are used. Two (2) sels of
Current collectors shall be fumisted or all contact conductors that supply Current to a iting
magnet,

For grounding purposes, a separate grounding conductor shout be provided.

512 RUNWAY CONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

5:24
5422

5123

Ror to Secton 1.8 of 74-1 General Specifications fo information on runway conductors,
Current colectrs, if used, shall be compatible with tho type of contact conductors fumished.
‘The colector rating shall be sized for no crano ampaciy as computed by Ace 610 of the
¡National Electrical Code. À minimum of wo (2) colector for each runway conductor shal be
furrished wen tho crane Is used witha Hing magnet. Refer to section 5.147 for addtional
requirements and recommendations when using inverters.

For grounding purposes, a separate grounding conductor should bo provided

543 VOLTAGE DROP

5:34

5132

5.133

5134

515

"The purchaser shall fumish actual vllage at he runway conductor supply taps not more than
105 percent and not les than 98 percent ofthe nominal system votage, and shall define the
requirements of he runway conductor system to achleve an input voltage not less than 93
percent ofthe nominal system valnge ofthe crane atthe paint of rurway conductor colton
farthest from the runway conductor supply tps,

‘The crane manufacture shall mit the votage drops within the crane to the motors and other
electrical lads o approximately 2 percent of tre nominal system voltage

Al voltage arops in Section 5.13.1 and 5.132 shal be computed by using main feoder
‘currents, nidual motor curents, fixed load current, and demand factors of mulipl cranos
‘onthe same runvay as defines by Article 610 ofthe National Electrical Gode.

Voltage drops shall be calculated during maximum inrush (starting) conditions fo insure that
motor terminal volages are not less than 90 percent of rated motor voltage, and control and
brake votiages are no less than 85 percent of device rated voltages.

“Tho operating votages atthe crane metor terminal shall not exceed 110 percent or not drop
below 95 percent af moter ratings, for rated running conditions, o achieve the results defined
In Seaton 524 (voltage)

5.14 INVERTERS (VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES)

5:44

5142

513
5.144

5145

5148

5147

Inverter selection shall be based on inverter manufactures recommendation given due
Consideration of the folowing: Crane class of sence, application, operating environment,
power supply and ful load motor current. Inverter continuous current must be equal to of
¡greater than ful load motor cunert. Overload capacity = 1.5X ul load motor current for 60
Seconds.

Inverter vos shal be provided with dynamic bring funcion or fly rogeneratve capability.
“The dynamic braking and inverter duty shall meet the requirements of Ve drives sorvico class,

Inverters shall be provided wit proper branch cut protection on the ine side.

Distorted waveforms on tho line end short eut curent may require the use of isolation
transformers, or or In reactors

Line contactors) should be used with inverters for Polsing applications to disconnect power
from dive In case of overspeed or fault.

Hoist and traversing inverters shall have overspeed protection, A mechanical load brake may
be considered as overspeed protection for Fasting mation.

‘Dynamic braking resistors may be considered as overspeed protection for traversing drives.
A minimum of tw collectors for each runway conductor hal be furished with inverter use,

e

515

e

5454
5152
5153

5154

5155

5150

5157
5158

REMOTE CONTROL

Remote control may be by means of radio or infared transmission or an offcrane contol

sation comected fo the crane through wiring, The cont) station may consit of pushbuttons,

‘masterswtes, computer keyboards or combinalen Iherec, For defntion of remote Cool.

see the applicable ANSUAGME standard,

‘The selection and application of the remete contol system should be dono to assure

compatiblity betwoon the remole control and the crane contol system and eiminate

interterencs.

Vinon more than one control sion Is provided, electrical intañocks shall be included in tho

system lo permit operation from only ono station al a timo. Eietical nterock i defined as

effective isolation ofthe contol cris with tie use of rotary swich oonlacs, relay contact or

‘withthe use ofa programmable logic controller and its inpuloutput modules,

Due consideration should be given to elimination of interference between electronic signals

and power ru. Tis includes physical and electrical separation sing ete.

Duo consideration shouldbe given to the folowing:

(a) Operating range of the remate contro equipment

(©) Operating speeds of the crane.

(6) Application of end travel limit switches.

(6) Wiring of magnet and vacuum cuits to the tne side ofthe ciscomecting means and use
latching controls.

See Figure 5156 for tational rado transmitter lever arrangement. Transmitter

arrangements other han as shown (bey box syle} may be used,

Powor dsconnecling cicuts and warning device shall be provid

For cable loss contol, systems shall be provided In accordance with ECMA Speciation
Naf.

FIGURE 5.15.6

RADIO CONTROL TRANSMITTER LEVER ARRANGEMENT

4 Motion

Main Au
Bridge Trolley Hoist

3f

E

3 Motion

Main,
Bridge Trolley Hoist

ê
sl
ES

NOTE:

Madirg a cara, i fo a tan, sane ho tn of de noto Foe
‘seapandng tothe WX Y and 2 desgnalons onthe area.

‘The letors used ae nly ended or ih papes fluo.
Decigratons shouldbe selected as appropiate to ach sale.

74-8 CRANE INQUIRY DATA SHEET
(Figure 64)

‘Customer

‘Spec. No.

Dato

os

1
"
42
1

4,

Number of Cranes Requires
Te A rom
Required Hock Lit (Max. ne Pis or Weis Bei For Elia)

Host a
Agproxmat Long of Runway Ft

Number of Cranes on Runny:

See norman: (Deseralon of Use)

Hot

Numer of Lite per Hour Heure pes Day,

Het of it =

Hea age ote.

(lve Ste Vil of Magnet or any Atachmen

Troy

Number Moves pe: Hour _Hours par Day Speed em.

Auge Movement a

age.

Number ves pee Hour Hous por Day _ Avg, Movement a

Fumsh completa infornaon regarding special condone au as aci fumes, steam, hi fomporaues, Nah
tudes, excuse dar or mettre, very Seve dy poca or no bad rad,

Amber Temperature Bula: Max nan.
atl Hand

Seeds Required: Holt fom. Bridge tem roto, pm.

‘Crane te Operate: Indoor outdoor Son

ment Vet Phase Hers AC Vos po
Malos ef Conuat: Cad Foot Remote
ooaton of Conral End of rane Genet On Try,

Oo.

“Typo of Conti (Ga compieeifrmaton inclui No. of sad pon).

Ful Magnetic Sat oe,

1

a.

so

2

2

“Typo of Control Enclosure:

“ype of Motor: (Ge complet information)

‘Must wing compl nn Special Conitons or Codes
Describe tif (See tems 7 an 8)

‘Ao Runway Conductors to be inde
Type: Loose Wes Fld vies
Insulate (ne) Omer
Lt of Special Equpmen i Accsssodes Desed

‘Spal unen dolo hack eranes, double oa canos or special rane ae required gun deals information
‘neck sponta, et

Compete atachosbuiding dearancedraving, making spoca noto of any ostueons whit may iter wh
‘he cano, red spa! ceararca cordons underneath Ie gers or ab

ss

CRANE INQUIRY DATA SHEET

a preci

rs pa:
LIA NE

ELEVATION

réa Ve ét picas
Aopen enn tote

CRANE INQUIRY DATA SHEET

ULONG CLEARANCES FOR UNDER RUNNING SINGLE GROER CRANES

org kr rc pls
escri ny ete Pee
Ing pc nung.

ELEVATION

Inte Na dain ola
eect sete te

Es]
vos
num ANGER PORTS u

RUNWAY PLAN

ao Ips wen v
w
x
Y

FIGURE 62

SUGGESTED OPERATING SPEEDS
FEET PER MINUTE,
FLOOR CONTROLLED CRANES

ET Host TROUEY BRIDGE

rows_| suow | menum | rasr | stow] meo] rast | stow | moron | rast
sw | | ms | ns | ae
SL [7 | | so | oo | as [so | ns | as
ts CC fn ue | so | w | | so | ns | ws
wo a | as | so | oo | us | eo fus | vs
wf | wf | so | eo | os | | us| vs

| [#5 O jene
zw | 8 | ue | 2 | 5 | Js | so | ns | as
wo | 7 | | 2 | 6 |e) as | so | 15 | 150

FIGURE 63
RADIO CONTROLLED CRANES

caacry Hoist TROLLEY BRIDGE
rows "stow | meow | rast | stow | meoum | rast | stow | meow | east
3 m | ss [aja] em | mo | He | | 2
5 20 | 0 | a0 || eo | 190 | 0 | 150 | 20
ms Ts [es | #0 | s0 | 60 [aso 100 | 150 | 220
1 us fs | ss [so | oo | 130 | 100) 10 | o
as [is | zo | 30 | so | eo | ns | 100 | 160 | 220
20 0 20 30 | so | oo | 125 | 100 | 150 | 220
25 | 1) | 2 | 6 | ww | ms | 7 | 10 | 20
| w|i] as [so || as | 75 | ve | ve
35 8 jus [as | | [ms | rs | 120 | 10

[Tu e [as [as Pao [0 | 100 | so | 100 | ren
EJ sn EI | «|e | 100 | 50 | 100 | 100
o s | 9 [ue | [6e | 0 | « | o | 550
mL 4 | se | | | |e | sw | 0 | #0
ww 4 |e | ss [so | 6 |e | 2 | so | ns
EC AE IRC AC CO EIC ICE

NOTE: Considoration must bo given to length of runway for the bridge speed, span of bridge
{forthe trolley speed, distance average travel, and spotting characteristics required.

74.7 GLOSSARY

AUXILIARY GIRDER (OUTRIGGER): A girder
arranged paral to tre main grde for supporting
the platform motor base, operator's cab, control
panels, ete, to reduce the torsional forces such
ood would ctionsise impose onthe main geder.

AUTOMATIC CRANE: A crane which when
‘activated operates through a preset cycle or
Oydes,

BEARING LIFE EXPECTANCY: Tho 1-10 life of
‘an artifcion bearing isthe minimum expected
Fe, hours, of 90 percont of group ef boarings
hic are operating ata given speed and loading,
The average expected le of the bearings ls
approximately five mes the 1-10 I.

BHN: Brinell hardness number, measurement of
material hardness.

[BOX SECTION: The rectangular cross section of
‘Siders, tucks or other members enclosed on four
Ses.

BRAKE: A device, olher than a motor, used for
retarding or stopping motion by ficion or power

BRIDGE: That part of an overhead crane
‘consisting of girders), trucks, end tes, walkway
nd drive mechanism which caries th Lally and
travels in a direcion parallel to the runway.

BRIDGE CONDUCTORS: The alectical
conductors located along the bridge structure of à
‘crane lo provide power 1 the tole.

[BUMPER (BUFFER): An energy absorbing device
for redueing Impact when à moving rane ortroley
‘aches the end of tis permited rave, or when tuo,
moving cranes ortrlleys come into contact

CAB-OPERATED CRANE: A crane controled by
an operator in a cab located on the bridge oF
tole,

(CAMBER: Tho sight upward vertical cure given
to girders to compensate part for defection due
10 hook load ard weight ofthe crane.

CAPACITY: The maximum rated load (In tons)
‘which a crane is designed to cary.

CLEARANCE: Minimum distance trom the
extremly of crane lo the nearest cbsbucton.

CHAR: Grane Manufacturers Associaton of
America, Inc. (ormerly EOCI—Electic Overhead

Crane Instito)

COLLECTORS: Contacting devices for colectng
curent tom the runway or bridge conductor, The
mainine colecto's are mounted on the bridge lo
“ranami curent from the funway conductors, and
the trolley callectors are mounted on the trolley 12
transmit current rom the bridge conductors.

CONTACTOR, MAGNETIC: An electro=magnetio
device for opening and closing an electric power
Gui.

CONTROLLER: A device for regulating In a pre-
determined way the power delerod tothe motor
or cer equipment.

COVER PLATE; The op or btiom pate of a box
girder.

CRANE: À machine for ing or lowering a toad
and moving it horizontally, with the hosting or
‘mechanism being an integral par ofthe macrine.

CROSS SHAFT: Tho shaft extending across the
bridge, used to transmit torque from motor to
bridge erve wheels

DEAD LOADS: The leads on a structure which
remain in a fixed postion relative o the suche.
‘On a crane bridge such toads include the gidera,
octal, cross shaft, dive uns, panels, ec

DEFLECTION: Displacomert due to bending or
sing in a vertical or ltoral plone, caused by the
imposes Ive and dead los,

DIAPHRAGM: A plate or partion between
opposie parts of a member, serving a definite
purpose in he structural design o he member,

DUMMY CAB: An operators compartment. or
platform on a pendant or radio contraled cane,
having no permanently mounte electcal controls
in which an operator may ride while cortoling the

ELECTRICAL BRAKING SYSTEM: A method of
contling cane motor speed when in an
overmauing condtion, without the uso of fiction
braking

ENCLOSED CONDUCTOR(S): A conductor or
group of conductora substantially enciosod 10
Provont accidental contact

ENCLOSURE: A housing to contain electrical
components, usualy specified by a NEMA
assiation number

END APPROACH: The minimum horizontal
stance, parallel to Ihe runway. between he
outermost oxremiles of the crane and the
entering ofthe hook.

END TRUCK: Tho unit consisting of tick frame,
‘wheels, boarings, aves, ec, which supports the
bridge giders.

FIELD WIRING: The wiing required ater erection
ofthe eran,

FIXED AXLE: An axle which is fed in the tuck
and on which the wheel revolves.

FLOOR-OPERATED CRANE: A crane which is
pendant controlled by an operator on the lor or
En Independent platform.

FOOTWALK: Tho walkway with handral and
losboards, attached to the bridge or foley for
access purposes.

GANTRY CRANE: A crane similar to an overhead
except thal the bridge Is rigidly supported on
Sucia columns referred o as legs.

GIRDER: Tho gfindpal horizontal oeam of the
rane bridge which supports the Holly and is
‘supported By the ond ucks.

GROUND FAULT: An accidental conducting
‘connection ‘between the electrical iru Dr
‘equipment ad the earth or some conductng body
{hat serves in place ofthe earth

HOIST: A machinery uni thal is uted for ting and
lowering 21004.

HOLDING BRAKE: A brake that eutomaticaly
prevents motion on power is of

HOOK APPROACH: Tha minimum horizontal
stance between the center of the runway ral a
he hook

INTERLOCKING CRANE: A crane equipped with
a device to hold algnment between the crane
¡der and a spur or another crane der.

INVERTER (VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE): A
method of conta by which the fixed line voltage
“aná frequency is changes lo a Iee-phaso aysom
‘wilh infitely variable volage and frequency,

KK: Kips por square inch, measurement of
sess intensity,

IP: A unit of free, aquivaient o 1000 pour.

KNEE BRACE: The diagonal structural member
Jeining the bling column and roof rus

LIFT: Maximum safe vertical distance through
ich the ook, magnet, or Auckel can move,

LIFT CYCLE: Single ting and lowering motion
(uth or without oad),

LIFTING DEVICES: Buckets, magnets, grabs and
her supplemental devices, the weight ol wich
lo be considered part of the rated load, used for
caso In handling certain types of loads,

LIMIT SWITCH: A device designed to cut ef tho
power automaticaly at or near the mi of travel or
{he crane motion.

LINE CONTACTOR: A contactor to dsoomect
Power from the suppy ines.

LIVE LOAD: A load which moves relative to the
Stuctue under consideraton.

LOAD CARRYING PART: Any part of the cane in
‘whieh the induced stress is infuonced by the load
‘onthe hook

LOAD CYCLE: One lit cyte with load plus one It
‘yee witout load.

MAGNETIC CONTROL: A means of controling
rection and speed by using magnetic contactors
and relays.

MAIN LINE CONTACTOR: A magnolis contactor
used in the Incoming power cul rom the main
line collectors

MAIN LINE DISCONNECT SWITCH: A manual
‘itch which breaks the powerlines leacng fom
‘he main in colector.

MANUAL-MAGNETIC DISCONNECT SWITCH: À
Power dscomeciing means consising of a
‘magnetic contactor that can bo operate by remota
pushbution and can be manually operated by a
Rand on the ston

MANUALLY-OPERATED CRANE: A care whose
holst mechaniem is drwen by pullng an endless
chain, or whose travel mechanism is driven in ho
Same manner of oy manually moving the load or
hook

MASTER SWITCH: A manuel operated device
which serves fo gover the operallon of contactors
‘and aullary devices of an elctc control.

MATCH MARKING: Identifcaton of non-
interchangeable parts for reassembly after
himen

MEAN EFFECTIVE LOAD: A load used in
durabity | caleuatons accounting for both
maximum and minimum loads

MOLTENMATERIAL HANDLING CRANE: A
crane used for tranepoting or pouring malten
matara,

‘OPERATOR'S CAB: The operators compartment
{tom wich movements of the crane are controlled
To be specfied by the manufacturer as open,
having only sides ora raling around the operator,
‘or enclosed, completo wth rot, windows, el.

OUTDOOR CRANE: An overhead or ganty crane
that operates outdoors and for which provisions aro
nai avalabie for storage In an area trat provides.
Preclon to the crane from weather conditions. A
rane that may operate outdoors. on a periodo
basis is not cassied as an outdoor cane,

OVERHEAD CRANE: A crane with a single or
mul girder movable bridge carrying a movable
or fixed noisüng mechanism, and traveling on an
‘overhead fixe runway structure,

OVERLOAD: Any load greater than the rated loa.

‘OVERLOAD PROTECTION (OVERCURRENT): A
ovice operative on excessive current to cause
and mania the interupton or seduction of
‘current Row to he equipment governed.

PATENTED TRACK: A generic term refering to
‘ane and monora equipment but in accordance
with the MMA specification ultzing a composts
Wack section Incorporating a proprietary ballom
flange shape,

PENDANT PUSHBUTTON STATION: Means
suspended from the crane operating the contraer
From the Noor or ether level beveath the crane.

PLAIN REVERSING CONTROL: A reversing
control which has identical characteristic for both
Giretions of motor tation

PLUGGING: A control funcion wich
ecomplishes braking by reversing the motor line
‘voltage polar or phase sequence,

POLAR CRANE: An overhead or ganty ‘ype
‘rane that rotates ona crear runway

PROTECTIVE PANEL: An assembly containing
‘overload and undervollage protection for al crane
‘motions.

PULPIT-OPERATED CRANE: A crano whose
‘movements are controlled by an operator trough
Use of controle located in a contol room or a
‘xed or movable cab or platform that ls
Independent ofthe crane.

‘QUALIFIED: A person who, by possession of a
recognizes degree, Ceficate ‘of professional
Standing or who by extensive knowledge, taining,
and experence, has successfully demonstrated
the ably o solve or resovo problems relating to
‘the subject mater and work.

RAIL SWEEP: A devise attached tothe tuck and
located in front of the tucks leading wheels to
remove abetllone,

RATED LOAD: The maximum load which the
crane is designed to handle safely as dosignated
by the manufacturer.

REMOTE OPERATED CRANE: A crane whose
movement are controled by an oporaor through
the use of controllers contained in an oporating
Station not alachod to the crane or by moans of a
race tanemiter,

RESISTOR RATING: Rating established by NEMA
which classifies resistors according to porcant of
load curent on fst point and duty cycle

ROTATING AXLE: An axle which roles with the
wheel

RUNWAY: Tho rails, beams, brackets and
Framework on which the crane operates,

RUNWAY CONDUCTORS: The main conductors
‘mounted on or peralel to the runway. wich
supplies cure othe rane.

RUNWAY RAIL: The ral supported by the way
beams on which the bridge travel.

“S” SECTION: A standard beam shape as

defined by the American Insituto of Steel
(Construction,

n

SEMIGANTRY CRANE: A vadant of the ganty
crane where one end of the brig fs supported on
tuctural columns referred to as logs, and the
‘other end travels on an overhead runway structure.

SAFETY LUG: A mechanical doviee fixed
securely fo the end truck or troey yore which wil,
limit the fal of the crane or carr In case of wheel
rane aur,

SHALL: This wor ineleates that adherence to the
Particular requirement is necessary in order to
‘conform to the specticaton

‘SHOULD: This word indicates tha he requroment
is a recommendation, the. advieabilty of which
depends onthe fats in each salon.

SILL: Horizontal structural mombers that connect
the lower ends of two oF more fogs of a gantıy
‘rane on one runway.

SINGLE GIRDER CRANE: An electric overnead
traveling crane having one main girder whica
‘supports a fied host or a host mounted on an
under runing Woy. An audlay gider may bo.
provided to reduce In torsional stresses on the
main girder

‘SKEWING FORCES: Lateral forces on the bridge
luck wheels caused by the bridge girders not
running perpendicular lo the runways. Some
normal skewing occurs inal bridges.

SPAN: The horizontal distance centerto-centor of
runway al,

STANDBY CRANE: A crane notin regula service
that is used occasionally or intermittently as.
required.

STATIC CONTROL: A method of svitching
loctical cute without the use of contacta.

STEPLESS CONTROL: A type of conto! system
with ininte speed contol between minimum speed
and fll speed.

STEPPED CONTROL: A ‘ype of contol system
with food speed pains

STOP: A device o mit rave ofa Holey or rane
bridge. This device normally is attached 10 a 1308
sucre and normaly does not have energy
absorbing abi.

STRENGTH, AVERAGE ULTIMATE: The average
tensle force per unit of cross sectional roa
requies fo rupture the material as determined by
to

72

STRESS: Load or force per uni area tending to
delorm tho matoril usually exoresced in pound
por square inch,

SWEEP: Maximum lateral devialon tom
straightness of a aura member, measured al
Fight angles o the Y-¥ ais.

TEFC: Totaly enclosed fan covied
TTENV: Totaly enclosed nor-ventlates,

TOP-RUNNING CRANE: An overhosd or ganty
crane having ond trucks that travel on the top

surface or als altached tothe runway’ or una.
Structure

TORQUE, FULL LOAD (MOTOR): Tho torque
produced by a molor operating at ls rated
horsepower and speed.

UNDER RUNNING CRANE: An electro overhead
{raveing crane having the end trucks supported on
tracks attached lo te bottom flanges. of the
‘beams; or supported on bottom flanges oF beams,
‘These beams make up the crane uray,

TWO BLOCKING: Condition under which the load
lock or load suspended fom the hook becomes
jammed against the crane Structure reverting
further winding up ofthe hais drum,

UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION: Advice
‘parative on the reduction or falure of votage to
Cause and maintain the interruption of power inthe
main huit

VARIABLE FREQUENCY: A method of conto! by
which the motor supply vago and frequency can
bo adjusted,

VOLTAGE DROP: The loss of voltage in an
electric conductor between supply tap and load
tap.

W SECTION: A wide fango beam shape as
detnod” by the American Instluie of Stoel
Construcion

ES PLATE: The vertical plato connecting the
upper and lower langes or cover plates ofa grder

WHEELBASE: Distance from conterto-center of
‘outermost wheels

WHEEL LOAD: The load without vertical inertia
force on any whoo! withthe trolley and ited load
(ated capacity) positioned on the bridge lo give
resending

748 INDEX

Acceleralion Torque ...... FatorsTable 5281-10
Acceleration Rate Guide. Table 528114
Acoolerabon Rate - Maximum … Table 528.118
Acooseibliy - Control. 5.02
Alowablo Stress - Structural 34
‘Alowable Stress: Shats. “453

‘Allowable Stress „Genre. = 223
Assembly. 1:10
43

‘isa

1432

38

Box ler Prop. 351
Brake - BAI << : ‘4a ana 53
Brake Call Tme Rating 2.0595
reko -DO Shunt z 534
Briige Acceleration Fable.
Bridge Conductor... En
Bridge Drives 4
Bridge Motors... z 528
Bridge Wheels Top Run 47
Brisge Wheels Under Running 472
Bucking 348
abs 34824

3323200448

21200013

= Dias

Capacty Rated 16
Ciassitcation of Cranes... Ziim26
BAER ns 13
Codes Referenced... as
Collector a ENS and 5.122
Colision Loads. 332532
olson Forces - Bumpers. 33232
Compression Member 348

Contactor Rating AC Squirel Cage .. Table 54.522
Contacter Rating AC Wound Rotor... Table 5.4 5.2.1

Contacte Rating -DG 230 Vol... Table 54.523
Control - Magnetic 545
Control Remote 543
Control. State 546

‘Controllers -Arrangement.- Figures 5 7 da and 5.7.3b

Contrllre-AC and DC, EN
Controle - Bridge 442
Coun 48
Gross Shalt” BAG nn LAS
Deflection 355
Diaphragms. 354
Diam Pago2
Disconnect “Drive. 36
Drawings. . Ta
Drives - Bridge. mer)
Emicioney - Gear Table 838.05
Electical Equipment 5101
Enclosure - Brake. 5473)
Enlosure - Cont 547

Enclosure -Resistor
Enclosure - Types.
Enclosure - Ventialed
End Trucks - Bridge.
Equalizer Trucks

54730)
5474

Erection.
Ever Ste."

Fatigue - Suuctual Stes ‘Tabie 347-1
Friction „Travel Vies! ‘Table 5.28.1.1-0

Gears. 42
Gear Ratio Travel z 529
Gear Servico Factors “Table 423-4
Girder- Box - Proportions 351

Giger" Beam Box 357
Girdor Single Web, 350
der org Fü Bars
Glossary... anes A
Holst Load Fact N3azıaz
Impact. ‘See VIF
Inspection 2145
Inner (Vari Frohe Bes) 514
Ute Beating, 2 432
Lit Svatehe 5
Load. 332
Losa Combination 3325
Load Factor- Dead 332141
Load Factor - Hos. 332142
Load - Mean Efecivo „423
Load Principal 3321
Load Spectrum. 21
Longitudinal Stress. 352
bration. 1a
Machinery Service Factors. Table 4234
Magnet Control 578
Magnetic Conta 545
Main Line Contactar. 566
Maintenance. 245
Master Sites en = 187
Matera = Structural cesa]
Motors 52
alor Travel Sat
Operator. 135
‘Operators Cab... 37
Outdoor - ge Drive Power. 52813
Pant 19
Protection "Eisen 58
Pushbutton Pendant. EEE Figure 881
Proportions -Box Gider hr)
Radio Cortral.....56.11, 88 1. Figura 681-0863
Remote Control 543
Ross …… mo 858483
Resistor Enclosure. A7 A0)
Runway. 14
Runway Conductor. 15,512
Runway Tolerances. Table 14.41

7

‘Service Class. Tobie 264

Shating 45
Shatirg-Bidgo Gross Shall di
‘Shaft Angular Delction. ás
Skewing Forces... z 33222
Speed = Floor Con SFR Fawe62
Standares - Referenced 148
Stability Analysis Cea
Sitfoned Plates = 353
Stoner - Longitudinal Web. 352
Sonor Vertical. 354
Stress» Alowabie Structural Dan
SS AS Shane d63
Stress -Allowable Range... 347
Stross- Combined caco 344 and 483.16
Stress Concentration Factors. 4532
Testing. 11
Torsion“ Grass Shan 7482
Truck. 38
VIF (Vera mera Forces 41.14, 14123 47.13
Votage Drop. 513
Waming Devices Bera
Weld Svess = "3442
Vieidg. Sara sir 2 oni 3473
Whoo's- Top Running. 471
Viroels- Under Running. 472
Vinos! Loads Top Running. 4713
Vihoel Loads - Under Running. 3723
‘Wheel Sizing Top Running. 4713

23

Who! Sizing - Under Running.
Wheel Stidaing - Maximum Ac rain Rate
Table §:2.8.1.1-8

"3322143234,
528.13

‘ind Load

7»

NOTES

15

NOTES.

© 2010 by Crane Manufacturers Association
of America, Ine.

@®cmaan

CRANE MANUFACTURERS
AS

An flat of Material Handing Industry of America
A Division of Material Handing Industry

8720 Red Oak Blvd, Sute 201

Charite, NC 28217-3992

Telephone: (704) 676-1180 m anopam
FAX: (704) 676-1199 su rom
‘Website: warumbia.orgemaa. u arepa

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