CO-1_session-1_ANTIBIOTICS.pptx for pharm d studnets

enzymes

1. COURSE NAME: MC-III COURSE CODE: 20PY3227T Topic: ANTIMALARIALS Department of Pharmacy Session - 1

2. AIM OF THE SESSION To familiarize students with the basic concept of malaria and its Nomenclature, stereochemistry. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES This Session is designed to: Demonstrate about the life cycle of malaria Describe about the chemistry of antimalarial drugs List out the drugs used for antimalarial drugs Describe the SAR of different antimalarial drugs LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this session , you should be able to: Define the term antimalarial Describe the chemistry of antimalarial drugs Summarize the chemistry of antimalarial drugs

3. Antimalarials

4. Malaria is also known as ague fever, Periodic fever or Paludism, it is a communicable mosquito borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite belonging to the genus plasmodium. Out of the hundred species of plasmodium available only four are known to show devasting effects on human beings. The three species of plasmodium that cause mild malaria include p.vivax,p.ovale,and plasmodium malariae . They cause malaria by destructing the red blood cells present in the peripheral capillaries.

5. The most complicated species of plasmodium that might even lead to death of an individual is plasmodium falciparum. These species infect red blood cells and makes them sticky , there by arrest the circulation. These parasites undergo asexual phase in man and sexual phase in female anaopheles mosquito, whose bites infect man and transmits malaria.

6. Life cycle of malaria parasite

7. Classification of antimalarials

8. Chinchona Alkaloids 4-Amino quinolines 8-Amino quinolines 9-Amino Acridine Biguanides Pyrimidine analogues Polycyclics Miscellaneous Newer antimalarial agents Combination Anti malarials are divided in to 10 types

9. Site of antimalarial agents Actually there are four sites for drug therapy for anti malarial agents Kill the sporozoites injected by the mosquito Kill the schizonts present in the hepatocytes or prevent them to form merozoites Eg : Quinine, Chloroquine, Amodoquine , Pyremethamine Kill the merozoites in the blood or prevent them from developing in to gametocytes Eg : Chloroquine, Amodoquine . Kill the gametocytes before they enter in to the mosquito and reproduce in to zygote Eg : Primaquine

10. 1. Kill the sporozoites injected by the mosquito

11. 2. Kill the schizonts present in the hepatocytes or prevent them to form merozoites Eg : Quinine, Chloroquine, Amodoquine , Pyremethamine

12. 3. Kill the merozoites in the blood or prevent them from developing in to gametocytes Eg : Chloroquine, Amodoquine .

13. 4. Kill the gametocytes before they enter in to the mosquito and reproduce in to zygote Eg : Primaquine

14. Quinine It is a quinoline derivative What is quinoline : Quinoline is the fusion of two six membered rings. One is benzene ring and the other one is Pyridine ring

15. It also contains another ring called quinclidine What is meant by quiniclidine : It is a bicyclo amine ring or it is also called as 1-aza bicyclo octane ring

16. So quinine is having two rings one is Quinoline ring and the other is quiniclidine ring These both the rings are connected with hydroxy methyl group

17. In the case of quinoline ring it is having methoxy group at 6 th position In the case of Quinuclidine ring there is a vinyl group at 5 th position What is meant by vinyl it means CH=CH 2 Or it is also called as ethenyl. It is called as 4-quinoline methanol derivative.(At 4 th position methanol is attached ) So it is available as salt of HCl Dihydrochloride Sulphate Bisulphate Gluconate

18. Source of Quinine Quinine is an alkaloid and it is obtained from the bark of Chinchona From this cinchona we are getting 4 alkaloids they are Quinine Quinidine Cinchonine Cinchonidine

19. ACTIVITIES/ CASE STUDIES/ IMPORTANT FACTS RELATED TO THE SESSION Prepare and submit a chart by Collecting the pictures of different scientist who involved in antibiotic research

20. EXAMPLES

21. SUMMARY

22. SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 1. Who is the father of Father of Modern Chemotherapy. Paul Ehrlich. Louis Pasture Rene Dubois Abraham …. … … … …

23. TERMINAL QUESTIONS 1. Describe 2. List out 3. Analyze 4. Summarize

24. REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION Reference Books: 1. 2. 3. Sites and Web links: 1. 2. 3.

25. THANK YOU Team – Course Name