Coenzymes : Structure and function

Topics included :- coenzymes - examples with it's role in keeping the human body healthy (Biological importance)

1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION COENZYMES :STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION BY: S. DASH

2. WHAT ARE COENZYMES????????? Coenzymes are small molecules. They cannot by themselves catalyze a reaction but they can help enzymes to do so. They are organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme).

3. Most of the B vitamins (see vitamin B complex) are coenzymes and are essential in facilitating the transfer of atoms or groups of atoms between molecules in the formation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They are regarded as coenzymes since they usually bind to the enzyme before the other substrates are bound , since they participate in many reactions and since they maybe reconverted to their original form by any enzymes present within cell.

4. [1]NADH/NADPH(Nicotinamide nucleotides)

5. [2] FAD/FMN(Flavin nucleotides) REACTION MECHANISM FORMATION OF FORMATION OF PRODUCT PRODUCT WITHOUT SEMIQUINONE WITH SEMIQUINONE AS INTERMEDIATE AS INTERMEDIATE

6. REACTION CATALYZED BY GLUCOSE OXIDASE. MECHANISM FOLLOWED BY NADH DEHYDROGENASE

7. [3] COENZYME-A

8. [4] ADENOSINE PHOSPHATES

9. [5] PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATES

10. MECHANISM BY AMINO ACID RACEMASE

11. [6] THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE

12. REACTION CATALYSED BY PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE

13. [7] BIOTIN ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE BCCP BIOTIN CARBOXYLASE CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE

14. [8] TETRAHYDROFOLATE(TH4)

15. REACTION CATALYSED BY SERINE TRANSHYDROXYMETHYLASE

16. [9] VITAMIN-B12

17. FUNCTIONS OF COENZYMES: Energy Production Transferring Groups Redox Reactions Antioxidants

18. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: Nicotinamide nucleotides : Deficiency causes pellagra. Flavin nucleotides : Required for proper eyesight , involved in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Coenzyme A :Deficiency causes dermatitis. Thiamine pyrophosphate: Involved in carbohydrate metabolism

19. Pyridoxal phosphate : Deficiency causes problems in the activity of several hormones like G.H, Thyroid etc. Biotin: Deficiency causes hyperkeratosis Coenzyme B12: Maturation of erythroid cells

20. REFERENCES: Understanding enzymes by Trevor Palmer Advanced textbook of Food and Nutrition by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. Introduction to enzyme and coenzyme chemistry by T.D.H. Bugg.