Cold chain And Vaccination

Cold chain And Vaccination

1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD

2. ColdChain
The ‘cold chain’ is the system of
transporting and storing vaccines at
recommended temperature from the
point of manufacture to the point ofuse.
Manufacturer
Distributor
Vaccine
Depots
Provider
office
Client

3. Why is the cold chain important?
1.Vaccinesare:
Biologicalproducts
lose potency withtime
Process irreversible and
accelerated if proper storage
conditions are not adheredto.
3. Ensuring maximum benefit
fromimmunisations
Responsibility not towaste
scarceNHSresources
Reduce wastage fromerrors
2. Assurance in potent
product andvaccine
programmes
Professionalresponsibility
Confident the vaccines yougive
will beeffective
Public Healthresponsibility
Public confidence in
immunisationprogrammes
4.Compliance with
SPC/Manufacturer
Any vaccine that has not been
stored at a temperature of 2-8ºCas
per its licensing conditions is no
longer a licensedproduct

4. • Cold chainstorage equipment
Walk in
coldrooms
Deep
freezers
Ice lined
refrigerators

5. 1.Walk in coldrooms(WIC)
At district & PHClevels
Temp :--15
oc to-25
oc
At PHC, used only forthe
preparation of icepacks
At regionallevel
Storage up to 3months
2.Deepfreezers

6. 3.Ice linedrefrigerators(ILR)
Both at district andPHC
levels
Temp :-+2
oc to+8
oc
ILR’s are top opening,
can hold cold air inside
better than frontopening
refrigerators

7. VaccineStability
Sensitivity toHEAT
BCG
Varicella
MMR
MenC
HepatitisB
DT and/oraP/IPV/HIB
HepBandcombination
DTand/oraP/IPV/HIB
Influenza
MenC
*MMR
*Varicella
*BCG
(*Freezedried)
MOST
SENSITIVE
Sensitivity toCOLD
Temperature mustbe
dialthermometer
LEAST
recorded twice in a day with
SENSITIVE

8. Immunisation Department, Centre forInfections
LightSensitive
Sensitive to strong light, sunlight,ultraviolet,
fluorescents (neon)
BCG
MMR
Varicella
Meningococcal C Conjugate
MostDTaPcontainingvaccines
Vaccines should
always be stored
in their original
packaging until
point of use to
protect themfrom
light

9. VaccineStorage
Use a dedicated vaccinefridge
Safeguard electricitysupply
No more than 50%full
Place vaccines inclearly
labelled plastic meshbaskets
Group vaccines by type
(Paediatric, Adult,Adolescent)
Defrost/calibrate fridgeregularly
Ensurebackupfacilitiesare
availableintheeventoffridge
failing
X Do not place fridge in
direct sunlight or near heat
source
X Do not store vaccines for
more than 1 month atPHC.
X Do not store vaccines in
fridge doors or in solid
plastic trays/containers
within thefridge
X Keep vaccines away from
fridge walls and cold air
vents
Picture taken fromwww.medisave.co.uk
DO’sDON’T’s
X No food ormedical
specimens

10. TransportingEquipment
Cold
boxes
Vaccine
carriers
Day
carriers

11. 1.Coldboxes
Used for transport ofvaccines
Fully frozen ice packsplaced
at the bottom andsides
DPT, TT, DT should not be kept
in directcontact
2.Vaccine
carriers
Used to carry small quantityof
vaccines(16 to 20vials)
For out of reachsessions
4 icepacks areused

12. 3.Daycarriers
Used to carry very small quantities
of vaccines(6 to 8vials)
For a near bysession
2 icepacks areused
For only 2 hoursperiod

13. Use ofdiluents
Specifically designed toreconstitute
the vaccines with respect to volume,
pH and other chemicalproperties
Store at +2
oc to +8
oc inILR
Only use vaccines suppled and
packaged by manufacturer

14. Vaccine VialMonitor(VVM)
VVMisalabelcontainingheatsensitive
materialthatisplacedonavaccinevial
toregisterheatexposureovertime
Vaccinevial
monitor

15. Stage1
•Innersquare
lighter than
outercircle
Stage2
•Inner square
still lighterthan
outercircle
Stage3
•Color of inner
squarematches
the outercircle
Stage4
•Color of inner
square darker
than outercircle
Combined effects of time and
temperature cause the inner square
to darken gradually andirreversibly
VVMdoesnotdirectlymeasurethe
vaccinepotencybutgivesinfoabout
themainfactorthataffectspotency

16. Immunization isthe
process whereby a
person is made
immune to an
infectious disease,
typically by the
administration of a
vaccine.
Controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases
Estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths eachyear.
One of the most cost-effective healthinvestments
Accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable
populations.
Immunization
schedule

17. Strengthenroutine
immunizationto
meetvaccination
coveragetargets
andimproved
vaccines
Spur researchand
developmentfor
thenextgeneration
ofvaccinesand
technologies
Acceleratecontrol
of vaccine-
preventable
diseases
Objectives of
WHO in
immunization
Introducenew
Active immunization/vaccination
has been named one ofthe
"Ten Great Public Health
Achievements in the 20thCentury"

18. Immunization
Schedule