coloniasm.pptx

coloniasm

1. WELCOME TO THE PRESENTATION ON Colonialism, its types, characteristics or nature. Causes/ aims of colonialism Md . Firoz Al Mamun Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Islamic University, Kushtia Bangladesh

2. Introduction Colonialism, as a historical pheno­menon, refers to foreign domination which implies that the colonised area is regulated in a manner known as ‘unequal exchange’. Colonised societies are intended to serve the interests of the ruling country. Thus, by colonialism, we mean a system of political and social relations between two countries—of which one is the ruler and the other is its colony. So colonialism refers to foreign domination in social, economic, and political policies of the colony countries. Obviously, the destiny of the colony is governed by the policies of the foreign country so as to sub-serve the interests of the ruling country.

3. What is Colonialism? Colonialism is a policy where one country seeks to extend political or economic authority over the people and physical territory of another country. Generally, economic dominance and exploitation of resources is the primary aim of a country indulging in colonialism. Etymologically, the word " colony " comes from the Latin  colōnia —"a place for agriculture".

4. Colonialism  is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing  colonies  and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of  colonisation , colonisers may impose their religion, language, economics, and other cultural practices. The foreign administrators rule the territory in pursuit of their interests, seeking to benefit from the colonised region's people and resources. It is associated with but distinct from  imperialism

5. Collins English Dictionary  defines colonialism as "the practice by which a powerful country directly controls less powerful countries and uses their resources to increase its own power and wealth". Webster's Encyclopedic Dictionary  defines colonialism as "the system or policy of a nation seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories". The  Merriam-Webster  Dictionary  offers four definitions, including "something characteristic of a colony" and "control by one power over a dependent area or people".

6. The  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy  uses the term "to describe the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including the Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia". 

7. Types of Colonialism Colonies

8. Colonies Point Colony Territorial Colony Settlement Colony Exploitation Colony

9. The Times  once quipped that there were three types of colonial empire: "The English, which consists in making colonies with colonists; the German, which collects colonists without colonies; the French, which sets up colonies without colonists." Modern studies of colonialism have often distinguished between various overlapping categories of colonialism, broadly classified into four types:  settler colonialism ,  exploitation colonialism ,  surrogate colonialism , and  internal colonialism . Some historians have identified other forms of colonialism, including national and trade forms.

10. Settler colonialism  involves large-scale  immigration  by  settlers  to colonies, often motivated by religious, political, or economic reasons. This form of colonialism aims largely to supplant prior existing populations with a settler one, and involves large number of settlers emigrating to colonies for the purpose of settling down and establishing settlements.   Argentina ,  Australia ,  Brazil ,  Canada ,  Chile ,  New Zealand ,  Russia ,  South Africa ,  United States ,  Uruguay , (and to a more controversial extent  Israel ) are examples of nations created or expanded in their contemporary form by settler colonization.

11. Exploitation colonialism  involves fewer colonists and focuses on the exploitation of natural resources or labour to the benefit of the  metropole . This form consists of  trading posts  as well as larger colonies where colonists would constitute much of the political and economic administration. The European  colonization of Africa  and  Asia  was largely conducted under the auspices of exploitation colonialism. Surrogate colonialism involves a settlement project supported by a colonial power, in which most of the settlers do not come from the same ethnic group as the ruling power.

12. Internal colonialism  is a notion of uneven structural power between areas of a  state . The source of exploitation comes from within the state. This is demonstrated in the way control and exploitation may pass from people from the colonizing country to an immigrant population within a newly independent country. National colonialism is a process involving elements of both settler and internal colonialism, in which nation-building and colonization are symbiotically connected, with the colonial regime seeking to remake the colonized peoples into their own cultural and political image. The goal is to integrate them into the state, but only as reflections of the state's preferred culture.  The Republic of China in Taiwan  is the archetypal example of a national-colonialist society.

13. Trade colonialism involves the undertaking of colonialist ventures in support of trade opportunities for merchants. This form of colonialism was most prominent in 19th-century Asia, where previously  isolationist  states were forced to open their ports to Western powers. Examples of this include the  Opium Wars  and the  opening of Japan .

14. The basic feature of colonialism: Colonies were always as a subordinate part of mother country. Metropolis consider the colonies as a market of their produced goods and supplier of raw materials and during this exchange the balance of economy became always against the colonies. During this economic exchange colonies were attached to world economic system but the internal economic infrastructure were always dis-articulated. Drain of wealth took place through unrequited exports and state expenditure on armed forces and civil services. Foreign political domination i.e. Political control by the colonizers.

15. There are four common characteristics of colonialism: Political and legal domination over an alien society. Relations of economics and political dependence. Exploitation between imperial powers and the colony. Racial and cultural inequality.

16. Colonialism, as a historical phenomenon of territorial expansion, is intimately connected with the rise and growth of the modern capitalist world system. So it is entwined with history, economics, politics, etc., of the modern capitalist society. Colonialism is a complex phenomenon of capitalist expansion. In a narrow sense, colonialism refers to the process of control of supplies of raw materials, mineral resources, and markets in underdeveloped and pre-­capitalist regions. Such narrow definition of colonialism overlooks a vital aspect of colonialism relating to political activity and the drive for dominance over the daily lives of the people of colonies. In a modern sense, colonialism is a general description of the state of subjection—political, economic, intellectual—of a non-European society as a result of the process of

17. colonial organisation . Colonialism deprives a society of its freedom and its earth and, above all, it leaves its people intellectually and morally disoriented. Colonialism, as a historical pheno­menon, refers to foreign domination which implies that the colonised area is regulated in a manner known as ‘unequal exchange’. Colonised societies are intended to serve the interests of the ruling country. Thus, by colonialism, we mean a system of political and social relations between two countries—of which one is the ruler and the other is its colony.

18. What are the 4 functions of diplomacy The purpose of diplomacy is to foster the interests of state or non-state actors at the expense of other players and to foster order and peace in an anarchic world. Representation, protection of national interests, negotiation, reporting, and promotion of friendly relations.

19. Broadly speaking, diplomacy has two functions. First, communication and negotiation, and second, intelligence gathering, image management, and policy implementation The collection of information helps diplomats to foresee domestic predicaments and subsequent foreign policy shifts. Moreover, the functions of diplomacy are not merely limited to representing the political and strategic interests of the sending state. They also include ‘ceremonial, management, duty of protection, preservation of international order, international negotiation, and information and communication functions’ (Bull 1995, pp. 164–165).

20. Communication is the most important function of diplomacy. Without diplomacy, international relations would present a dilemma. Thus, a diplomat must be an expert generalist in order to represent the sending state effectively and win the support of interlocutors.

21. Motives of Imperialism and Colonialism 1.Increase of National Power and Dignity 2. Economic Advantage 3.Spread of Executive Power 4.Control of Political system 5. National defense and Military opportunity 6. Rehabilitation of extra population

22. 7.Cultural Rearrangement 8.Spread of Western Education 9.Religion Publicity 10. National Inspiration 11.Caste Discrimination 12.Colonial agreement and alteration

23. Thank You