Color doppler

A brief description of vascular doppler studies

1. Presenter- Guided by- Dr. Twinkle Joshi Dr. Vaishali Kuchewar Vascular Doppler Studies

2. Ultrasound- Vascular Non invasive method that uses sound waves to evaluate the body's circulatory system and identifies blockages or clots in the arteries and veins Produces pictures using sound waves. A small probe known as transducer and gel is placed directly on the skin. High-frequency sound waves travel from the probe through the gel into the body. Probe collects the sounds that bounce back. A computer converts sound waves to an image. It does not use radiation. Captures real-time images, so it can show blood flow, structure and movement of the body's internal organs.

3. Types Color Doppler - converts sound waves into different colors. Colors show the speed and direction of blood flow in real time. Power Doppler - Provides detail of blood flow but it cannot show the direction of blood flow Spectral Doppler -S hows blood flow information on a graph and shows how much a blood vessel is blocked. Duplex Doppler - Takes images of blood vessels and organs and turns them into a graph. Continuous wave Doppler-  Sound waves are sent and received continuously. Shows accurate measurement of blood that flows at faster speeds.

4. Uses Monitor the blood flow to organs and tissues. L ocate stenosis , plaque or emboli and help plan for their effective treatment. D etect blood clots (DVT) in the major veins of the legs or arms and varicose veins. Determine suitability for angioplasty. Evaluate success of graft or bypass blood vessels. Determine an enlarged artery (aneurysm). E valuate a congenital vascular malformations ( arteriovenous malformations or fistula)

5. Preparation Jewelry is removed prior and loose, comfortable clothing is worn. If abdominal vessels are being examined, unless the examination is performed on an urgent basis, it is best to fast before the procedure.

6. Principle Based on the principle of SONAR. When a sound wave strikes an object, it bounces back .By measuring these echo waves, it is possible to determine how far away the object is as well as its size, shape, and consistency.

7. Procedure Transducer Computer console Sends out inaudible high-frequency sound waves into the body Listens for returning echoes Jelly Applied to area under examination and transducer is placed . Gel allows sound waves to travel back and forth between the transducer and the area under examination. Image is based on loudness (A),pitch (f), time taken for ultrasound signal to return to transducer

8. Doppler ultrasound, measures the direction and speed of blood cells as they move through vessels. The movement of blood cells causes a change in pitch of the reflected sound waves (Doppler effect). A computer collects and processes the sounds(pulse like) and creates graphs or color pictures that represent the flow of blood through the blood vessels .

9. After procedure Most ultrasound exams are painless, fast, and easily tolerated. Scanning over an area of tenderness, may create pressure or minor pain from the transducer. U ltrasound gel is wiped off the skin. It does not stain or discolor clothing. One can resume normal activities immediately.

10. Advantages Noninvasive (no needles or injections). Widely available, easy to use and less expensive Safe and does not use radiation. Gives clear picture of soft tissues that do not show up well on x-ray images. Risks Standard diagnostic ultrasound has no known harmful effects on humans. Intolerance in areas of inflammation and infection.

11. Limitations Deep vessels are harder to see than superficial vessels. Specialized tests such as CT or MRI may be necessary to properly visualize them. Smaller vessels are more difficult to image and evaluate than larger vessels. Calcifications due to atherosclerosis may obstruct ultrasound beam .

12. Results N ormal result - blood vessels show no signs of narrowing, clots, or closure, and the arteries have normal blood flow. Abnormal results may be due to: Blockage in an artery by a blood clot Blood clot in a vein (DVT) Narrowing or widening of an artery Spastic arterial disease (arterial contractions brought on by cold or emotion) Venous occlusion (closing of a vein) Venous reflux (blood flow going the wrong direction in veins) Arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis

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