commercial vegetable cultivation different agroecosystem.ppt

commercial vegetable cultivation different agroecosystem

1. 1
Hybrid vegetable cultivation for different
agroecosystem
Dr. Paritosh Murmu
Scientist (Agronomy)
KVK, Nabarangpur

2. 2
Soil and Climate
 Hot & humid
 Light textured red soil
 Variety of vegetable like tomato, brinjal, onion, cole
crops, okra and cucurbits through out the year
 Avoid heavy soils
 Proper drainage

3. 3
Agroclimatic Zones
Agro climatic zone Climate Districts
North Western PlateauHot & moist sub humidSundragarh, Deogarh, Sambalpur &
Jharsuguda
North Central PlateauHot & moist sub humidMayurbunj, Keonjhar
North Eastern Coastal PlainMoist sub humid Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Keonjhar
East & South Eastern
Coastal Plain
Hot & humid Kendrapara, Khurda, Jagatsinghpur,
Cuttack, Puri, Nayagarh, Ganjam
North Eastern Ghat Hot & moist sub humidPhulbani, rayagada, Gajapati, Ganjam,
Koraput
Eastern Ghat high landWarm & humid Koraput, Nawrangpur
South Eastern Ghat Warm & Humid Malkangiri, Koraput
Western undulating zoneHot & moist sub humidKalahandi, Nuapada
Western Central Table
Land
Hot & moist sub humidBargarh, Bolangir, Soanpur,
Sambalpur, Jharsuguda
Mid Central Table LandHot & moist sub humidAngul, Denkanal, Cuttack, Jajpur

4. Basic Principles.....
Soil amendmends
Manures application
Variety selection
Seed treatment
Nursery management (poly house/pro-tray/open)
Drainage facility
Fertiliser management
Water management
weed control
inter-culture operations
Foliar applications (hormone, micro nutrients,
amino acids etc.)
Harvesting

5. VARIETIES
5

6. Solanaceous vegetables
Chilli – Utkal Ava, Utkal Ragini, Arka Neelachal Prabha,
VNR 305, Samhot (seminis)
Brinjal – Utkal Anusree, Utkal Tarini, Utkal Maduri, Utkal
Kesari, Arka Neelachal Shyama, Tarini (Seminis)
Capsicum – California Wonder, Ganag (East West), Bharat
(IAHS)
Tomato – Utkal Shrawani, Utkal Pragyan, Arka Rakshat,
Swarna Sambat, Pusa Hybrid 1, Laksmi
Cole Crops
Cabbage – Konark (Century hybrid), Hare Krishna (Toketa),
Equitorian, Summer Queen (Syngenta)
Cauliflower – Barkha Megha (Seminis), Noble Julee (Noble),
Pusa Early Synthetic, Snow Ball 16
6

7. Cucurbits
Watermelon – Sugar Baby, Black Magic (Seminis),
Augusta (Syngenta)
Cucumber – Bakhra (Annapurna), Barapatta (Kisan), Sapta
Sri (Kiran), Chaithali (Sreemaa)
Pumkin – Guamal, Baydya Bati, Pusa Viswesh, Arjun (East
West)
Bitter gourd – Nakhara Local, Chamman (Nunhems),
Kumud (VNR)
Bottle gourd – PSPL, Pusa Hybrid 3, Pusa Santusti
Onion
Nasik Red, N 53, Agrifound Light Red, Agrifound Dark
Red, Arka Niketan
Okra
Utkal Gaurav
7

8. Spine gourd
Arka Neelachal Sree
Yield/plant: 2-4 kg
8

9. Pointed gourd
Arka Neelachal Kirti
Yield/plant: 8-10 kg
Swarna Alaukik
Yield/plant: 8-10 kg
Ivy gourd
Arka Neelachal Kunki
Yield: 15-20 kg
Arka Neelachal Sabuja
Yield: 25-30kg
Pointed gourdPointed gourd
Arka Neelachal Kirti
Yield/plant: 8-10 kg
Swarna Alaukik
Yield/plant: 8-10 kg
Ivy gourd Ivy gourd
Arka Neelachal Kunki
Yield: 15-20 kg
Arka Neelachal Sabuja
Yield: 25-30kg

10. 10
NURSERY MANAGEMENT

11. Raised Bed Plug/ pro-tray
•Quality seedlings are essential for good growth and
performance of vegetable crops
Raised Bed Plug/ pro-tray
•Quality seedlings are essential for good growth and
performance of vegetable crops
Raised Bed Plug/ pro-tray
•Quality seedlings are essential for good growth and
performance of vegetable crops

12. Nursery preparation
•Raise nursery in well tilled soil by making beds 0.8-1.0 m wide and 15
cm height
•Add Five kg of well rotten FYM, 100g of 15:15:15 complex fertilizer
along with 2.5g carbofuran per m
2
•Seed treatment
•Cole crops - Seeds dipped in HgCl
2 1 gm/lit/kg seeds for control
soft rot and black rot diseases

13. Sowing
Sow seeds thinly in rows 10 cm apart and 0.5 cm deep

14. Covering & Drenching
Cover beds thinly with compost before mulching with dry
straw or grass and drench with Captan (2g/l) or copper
oxychloride (4g/l)

15. Hoeing & Thinning
After the appearance of first true leaf, seedlings are
thinned out
On 20th day Chlorpyriphos (1.5ml/l.), and on 25th day
Zineb (2g/l) are sprayed
During the last week in the nursery, the seedlings may be
hardened by slightly withholding water

16. 16
•In portrays using sterilized coco-peat or a
pot mixture combination of coco-
peat,
 
neemcake 
and trichorich as growing
media
•Tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal,
capsicum, chilli,
 cucumber and other
vegetable seedlings
• Less seed requirement – tomato - 60 g
/acre; cucumber 300 g/acre

18. Healthy seedling grown in net house

19. Spine gourd
•Root cutting
19
•Stem cutting
•Seeds

20. 20
Stem cutting

21. Pointed gourd
•Tuberous roots
21

22. Ivy gourd
•Stem cutting
22

23. CULTURAL PRACTICES
23

24. 24
Crop Season Seed rate
Brinjal May-June, Sep-Oct370-500 g/ha
Chilli May-June, Sep-Oct1 kg/ha
Tomato Oct-Nov 400 g/ha
Cabbage Sep-Oct 200-500 g /ha
Cauliflower Sep-Oct 600 g/ha
Okra Feb-Mar, June-July10 kg/ha
Onion Oct-Nov 8-10 kg/ha

25. 25
Crop Season Seed rate
Cucumber Jan-Feb 2-3 kg/ha
Water melon Jan-Feb 3.5-5 kg/ha
Pumpkin Jan-June 5-7 kg/ha
Bottle gourd Jan-Feb, Oct-Nov 3-4 kg/ha
Bitter gourd Jan-Feb, June-July4-5 kg/ha
Spine gourd June-July 4500-5000 plants/ha
Teasel gourd Feb-mar 2500-3000 plants/ha
Pointed gourd Oct-Nov, Feb-Mar,
June-July
5500-6000 plants/ha
Ivy gourd June-July 2500-3000 plants/ha

26. Land Preparation
•Apply 10 tonnes of enriched FYM.& neem cake @250kg
•3-4 ploughings
•Raised bed method: 10-15cm height, 75cm width,
convenient length, 45cm inter-bed spacing
•Place one in-line drip lateral at the center of the bed
26

29. 29
•Prepare pits of 30-50 cm
3
size
at required spacing
•Fill the pits with 1-2 basket
FYM + soil + 1kg neem cake +
10g furadon
•Water the pits and leave for 3-4
days

30. Planting/Sowing
•Plant the seedlings/sow the seeds Plant the seedlings/sow the seeds
in the pit and water itin the pit and water it
•Male female ratio 10:1 for Male female ratio 10:1 for
dioecious cucurbitsdioecious cucurbits
•For hybrid variety of bitter gourd, For hybrid variety of bitter gourd,
plant few local bitter gourd plant few local bitter gourd
varieties for effective pollinationvarieties for effective pollination
30

31. Intercultural operation
31

32. Watering
•Based on
–Soil type
–Rainfall
–Crop requirements
–Growth stage
•Experience and soil examination are
best measures.
•Run the drip irrigation daily for a
duration of 20 to 40 minutes
depending on the crop stage, season
and emitter discharge

33. Mulching
•Organic –
–Straw, Chopped leaves
–Wood chips, Grass clippings
•Inorganic
–Plastic - Mulch film of 1.2m
width and 30 micron thickness
•Benefits
–Weed suppression
–Temperature moderation
–Soil moisture moderation
–Sanitation

34. Fertilizer management
•Schedule fertigation once in 3 days starting from 21 days and
ending at 130 days after transplanting for a 5 month duration
crop, thus requiring 37 fertigations
•Brinjal
–0-20 days: No fertigation
–21-36 days: 2.0 kg of 19-19-19/fertigation (6 fertigations)
–39-57 days: 3.0 kg of 19-19-19 +1.0 kg KNO
3 +1.0 kg CaNO
3/
fertigation (7 fertigations)
–60-129 days: 5.0 kg of 19-19-19 +1.5 kg KNO
3
+ 2.5 kg
CaNO
3/fertigation (24 fertigations)
•Give foliar sprays @ 5g/litre using foliar spray grade fertilizers
containing Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn three times starting from
45 days after transplanting at an interval of 15 days

35. 35
Pollination
2 to 3 hives per acre for cucurbits2 to 3 hives per acre for cucurbits
Teasle gourd, pumpkin - Hand Teasle gourd, pumpkin - Hand
pollinationpollination
Ivy gourd – parthenocarpic devtIvy gourd – parthenocarpic devt

36. 36
Teasel gourd Pollination

37. Training

38. Manda system

39. Drudgery and difficulty in performing cultural worksDrudgery and difficulty in performing cultural works
Pandal systemPandal system

40. Single line trellisSingle line trellis
•Intercultural operations especially working with Intercultural operations especially working with
power tiller in inter-spacepower tiller in inter-space
•Spraying of pesticidesSpraying of pesticides
•Sunlight penetrationSunlight penetration
•Easy harvestingEasy harvesting

41. 41

42. 42

45. 45

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48

50. 50

51. Crop Rotation
•Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant are all Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant are all
members of the solanaceous family.members of the solanaceous family.
•Beans and peas are legumes.Beans and peas are legumes.
•Cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash are all Cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and squash are all
cucurbits.cucurbits.
•Onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, chives are alliums.Onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, chives are alliums.
•Crop rotations of at least 4 years are recommended.Crop rotations of at least 4 years are recommended.

52. Harvest
•Timing - Timing - Harvest early in the dayHarvest early in the day
•Prevent woundsPrevent wounds
•Cool the vegetables quickly & thoroughlyCool the vegetables quickly & thoroughly
•Quality is reduced byQuality is reduced by
–Improper temperature, DryingImproper temperature, Drying
–Mechanical injuryMechanical injury
–DiseaseDisease
•Respiration leads toRespiration leads to
–Drying out, Reduced food valueDrying out, Reduced food value
–Less sweetness (CHO broken down)Less sweetness (CHO broken down)
–Less dry weightLess dry weight

53. Off-season vegetables cultivation
Tomato (Arka Rakshyak, Arka Samrat)

54. Off-season vegetables cultivation
Onion (Agri found dark red, Bhima super, Line 883)

55. Rice based vegetables cultivation

57. Grafted Brinjal......

58. Result Yield (q/ha) Parameters to be recorded Net Income
(Rs./ha)
BC Ratio
FP
58.5 No.of Cobs/ha-71,745,Cob length(cm)-18.5
Cob girth(cm)-15.15
39,750 1.83
FLD
Maize-55.25
Cowpea-4
No.of Cobs/ha-65,345,Cob length(cm)-18.4
Cob girth(cm)-14.25
LER (%)= 1.44
46,375 1.97
Demonstration on Intercropping of Cowpea in Maize
Farmers Practice Recommended practice
Monoculture of Maize
2rowsofcowpea(30cmX30cm)with2rowof
maize(30cmX30cm)CowpeavarUtkalmanika(Bushy
var).Maizevar–Hycel
Maize based vegetable cultivation

59. Vegetable cultivation for enterpreneurship development
Drumstick (PKM-1, PKM-2
Papaya (Red Lady, Sapna)
ResultYield
(q/ha)
%
change
in Yield
Parameter % change in
Parameter
Net Income
(Rs./ha)
BC Ratio
FP 500 ------Fruit weight(gm) -340, No.
of fruit/ plant-21nos.
---- 2,70,000/- 1.9
FLD 650 ------Fruit weight(gm) -400,
No. of fruit/ plant -30nos.
----- 3,40,000/- 2.4
Demonstration on Papaya variety Red Lady
Farmers Practice (T
1
) Recommended Practice (T
2)
Cultivation of local variety
Seedlingraising:Aprillastweek,Transplanting:,2
nd
weekofJune,spacing:1.8mx1.8m,plant/acre:1200-
1700,200gmN+500gmP2O5+500gmK2O/plant/annum
alongwithFYM@5t/ha`

61. 61
Conclusion
1.1.Select right crop, season and varietySelect right crop, season and variety
2.2.Healthy seeds/seedlings/planting materialHealthy seeds/seedlings/planting material
3.3.Provide good environment for growth Provide good environment for growth
4.4.Good soil fertility, pH, plant populationGood soil fertility, pH, plant population
5.5.Mulch –Organic/Plastics – weed control & soil Mulch –Organic/Plastics – weed control & soil
moisture conservationmoisture conservation
6.6.WaterWater
7.7.PollinationPollination
8.8.Proper harvest timingProper harvest timing