Common Bone Pathologies esp arthrit.pptx

Arthritis

1. ARTHRITIS Ayekundiire Liz, BSN MUST Daniel Okii Dan, B.Pharm

2. Arthritis Swelling and tenderness of one or more joints causing pain and inflammation. It is majorly categorized into; Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis

3. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder with inflammatory components arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular (hyaline) cartilage in the synovial joints . The current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. It is the most common type of joint disease leading cause of chronic disability in older adults

4. osteoathritis It is a chronic degenerative disorder of the synovial joints in which there is progressive softening and erosion/disintegration of the articular cartilage. a frequent, if not inevitable , part of aging

5. Osteoarthritis I t occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

6. Risk factors J oint injury or overuse —Injury or overuse, such as knee bending and repetitive stress on a joint, can damage a joint and increase the risk of OA in that joint. Age —The risk of developing OA increases with age. Gender—Women are more likely to develop OA than men, especially after age 50. Obesity —Extra weight puts more stress on joints, particularly weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. This stress increases the risk of OA in that joint. Obesity may also have metabolic effects that increase the risk of OA. Genetics —People who have family members with OA are more likely to develop OA. People who have hand OA are more likely to develop knee OA. Race — Some Asian populations have lower risk for OA. Life style

7. Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms Deep, achy joint pain exacerbated by extensive use - The disease’s primary symptom Reduced range of motion and crepitus - Frequently present Stiffness during rest (gelling) - May develop, with morning joint stiffness usually lasting for less than 30 minutes Swelling

8. cont Osteoarthritis of the hand Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are most often affected Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and the carpometacarpal ( cmc ) joints at the base of the thumb are also typically involved Heberden nodes, which represent palpable osteophytes in the DIP joints, are more characteristic in women than in men Inflammatory changes are typically absent, less pronounced, or go unnoticed

9. Osteoarthritis Management Investigations Imaging: US, XRAY,CT, MRI Arthrocentesis

10. Nonpharmacologic interventions The cornerstones of osteoarthritis therapy, nonpharmacologic interventions include the following: Patient education Heat and cold Weight loss  [ 10 ] Exercise Physical therapy Muscle training ( eg , quadriceps strengthening for knee OA) Occupational therapy (use of assistive devices for independence in ADL) Unloading in certain joints ( eg , knee and hip)

11. Pharmacologic therapy Topical capsaicin Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Oral NSAIDs Tramadol Acetaminophen Intra-articular corticosteroid injections Surgery Arthroscopy Osteotomy Arthroplasty - Particularly with knee or hip osteoarthritis Fusion

12. Thank you