COMMON - CONCRETE - FLOORS - DESIGNS.pptx

Concrete floor designs and remedies

1. Concrete floors Hannu Timonen-Nissi 15.8.2023 Rudus Concrete Academy Translated from Finnish to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.com

2. Concrete floors common The concrete structure that causes the most problems Large surface open The other dimensions of the tile are large compared to the thickness Reinforcement is generally lighter than other concrete structures Casting conditions are often difficult

3. The most typical problems Slow / uneven commitment Fluctuations in mass Pumpability issues Casting and kneading board conflicts of interest Pulp processing problems Cracking Betraying the grip on the platform Scaling of surfaces Bending of corners Slow drying The instructions regarding the quality requirements of concrete floors, material selection, design, implementation and commissioning and maintenance procedures are available as a publication b y 45 BLY7 CONCRETE FLOORS 2018

4. By 45 BLY 7 CONCRETE FLOORS 2018 Publication the aim is to give concrete floor customers, builders, for designers, implementers and user-friendly instructions and recommendations . The guidelines include cement, water and normal weight aggregate to be manufactured concrete floors. On a concrete floor is meant to be cast on site tile structure which serves as a tread under traffic or other stress either as is , impregnated with a protective agent, painted or coated. If the floor is leveled screed or covered with carpet, ceramic tiles, with concrete slabs or with other floor coverings, apply the instructions for the floor surface before smoothing or the floor installing the pavement. Field of application the limits can be deviated from if separately so let's agree .

5. By 45 BLY 7 CONCRETE FLOORS 2018… A floor designed from a structural point of view can be grounded tile, ground load-bearing slab cast against it (pile slab), load-bearing intermediate base cast in place or surface tile . The surface tile can be either attached to its base or detached from its base floating floor. The floors can be unreinforced, bar-reinforced, tensioned or with fibers reinforced . The publication discusses the quality requirements of concrete floors, material choices, planning, implementation and commissioning and maintenance procedures. In addition is given in the publication instructions for underground tiles and surface tiles for structural design and for dimensioning. In publication does not deal with load-bearing structures structural dimensioning. Carrying the structures are dimensioned according to the current regulations and of the instructions in accordance with .

6. 1. Basic types of concrete floors 1.1 Ground slab On the left, cast against the straight ground concrete slab. Q step on top of the thermal insulation poured concrete slab. Right on the edge, the thermal insulation is placed in the aggregate layer.

7. 1.2 Pile slab

8. 1.3 Surface concrete floor Floating on the floor surface concrete slab is cast soundproof carpet on . To carry to the midsole structure cast on surface concrete floor .

9. 1.4 Load-bearing slab cast in place without separate surface casting

10. 2. Classification system for concrete floors 2.1 Quality factors The classification system for concrete floors includes such general quality factors that are important for the durability and use of the floor. The quality factors must also be measurable from the finished floor as agreed. 2.11 L classification of risk factors Candor indicated by letters A o , A, B and C of which A o is the most demanding Q howling resistance are presented with numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, of which 1 is the most demanding The biggest permissible crack width expressed as numerical values ​​I, II, III or IV, of which class I is the most demanding. Class I is divided into three different subclasses according to the purpose of use. In addition to the actual quality factors, the classification system has defined separately unclassified quality factors, which are used, if necessary, according to the use requirements of the object. Unclassified quality factors include, for example, roughness (slipperiness), electrical conductivity, shelf life, chemical resistance, color differences, the amount of fibers on the surface and other factors related to surface quality. For classification marking can, in the case of particularly demanding objects, be attached as a fourth part The letter T.

11. 2.12 Classification Marking The class of the floor is indicated letter – number – number - as a combination e.g. B – 3 – II Directness requirement wear resistance requirement Allowable crack class The classification marking must be presented in full in the plans. The classification mark defines the minimum quality level of each class. In general, the aim should be to be as good as possible quality level.

12. 2.2 Use and application of the rating system Requirements regarding quality factors are set for each concrete floor as applicable. The requirement level of the quality factors, on the other hand, is determined by the use of the floor and is set by the floor in the planning phase. When setting the requirement level, the work method used to make the floor should also be taken into account. In the plans, the quality requirements must be presented in a complete combination according to the classification, for example B-4-II (T). The requirements for unclassified special quality factors are presented separately in the plan. The classification system is not capable due to the rather rough division of the quality requirements to describe quality requirements for all floors in detail. The purpose of the rating system is to act as a guideline, and not quality requirements or requirements small undercuts should automatically be interpreted as meaning that the floor in question is fit for purpose unusable . If the quality requirements are exceeded, the set ones limit values ​​of quality requirements if possible, the object should be compared purpose of use according to to real ones quality requirements .

13. 3. Quality requirements for concrete floors When making concrete floors, the first thing to do is to make sure that the finished floor allows in the space planned operation, i.e. the quality requirements are determined by the intended use of the floor by. • candor • wear resistance • cracking • uniformity • shelf life • no dust • cleanability and hygiene • impact resistance • chemical resistance • slippage • looks • moisture ( coating ability ) • electrical conductivity • no ponding . When all functional quality requirements apply to the floor and its surface and stresses are defined, analyzed and prioritized.

14. 4. Floor coverings and – coatings set requirements 4.1 Quality factors To be coated or for the design, manufacturing method and post-treatment of the floor to be coated affect the following two author: 1 ) The stress on the floor, which means the floor from traffic and other use targeting mechanical load. 2 )Pavement/Coating. Quality factors To the floor targeting strain by The coating / coating by Floor concrete moisture X Surface strength X X Duration of cycling X X Surface smoothness X Surface smoothness X Surface cleanliness X

15. 4.2 Types of stress To the coating or the stress on the coating is determined by the mode of use. The type of stress determines the quality requirements for the surface to be coated, the strength of the surface and bike stress in terms of duration . The designer the selected pavement type sets quality requirements of all in terms of quality factors. Thus to be coated quality requirements for concrete floors determined by two parallel factors by. Stress on the floor Exemplary usage space distribution Small ones strains Living spaces In terms of stress, use spaces comparable to living Medium sized strains Business premises Hospitals Offices Schools The big ones strains Industrial premises Storage facilities Traffic facilities Special premises

16. 5. Floor concrete reinforcement 5.1 Bar reinforcement Used on all types of floors The most common reinforcement method Can be implemented as loose bars or prefabricated reinforcement units Ensure that the reinforcement stays in the right place during casting 5.2 Fiber reinforcement Steel fiber or structural plastic fiber ( macro fiber ) can be used to completely or partially replace traditional reinforcement Typical areas of use are underground floors, surface floors and piled slabs. It is now possible to use steel fibers also in load-bearing structures The share of fiber reinforcement is growing all the time 5.3 Post-tensioned floor structures A method rarely used in underground floors In load-bearing structures, post-tensioning is common, especially in parking facilities In post-tensioned structures, in addition to tendon steels, small amounts of standard bar reinforcement are also used The big ones seamless and crack-free floors are achieved by doing floors under tension .

17. 6. Floor joints 6.1 General Seams are usually the weakest point of a tile, so you should strive for floors with as few seams as possible or seamless to the floor. Seams for planning should be attached special attention and the type of seam should be chosen carefully operating conditions requirements in accordance with. 6.2 Joint types Sports seams Shrinkage seams Release seams Working seams 6.3 Joint division of tiles The joint distribution of the ground slab is determined by the shape of the building, the floor implementation method, floor channels , in terms of equipment, tank and machine foundations and cracking the chosen one dimensioning principle in accordance with . Striving as much as possible to square to the tiles(tile length at most1.5xwidth)

18. 6.31 Example of tile joint division planning

19. 7. Drying of floor concrete 7.1 Floor concrete and moisture Concrete floor structures must dry first coating of each covering or required by the coating material below the humidity limit value. The critical moisture value is the moisture value (coating limit value) that, taking into account the measurement accuracy, must be below the judgment measurement depth before coating or coating. This applies specially sensitive to moisture to the materials . Floor concrete moisture refers to the concrete slab and what may be on top of it moisture content of screed. A screed applied on top of concrete that has dried on its surface re-wets the underlying concrete, and this moisture and the moisture contained in the screed itself must be allowed to dry before paving. getting started .

20. 7.2 Measures affecting the drying of the concrete floor They affect the drying of the concrete essentially properties of concrete structural solution wetting of concrete during construction drying conditions Concrete drying intensify • good drying conditions: relative humidity of the air in the room < 50% RH and temperature > 20 °C • raising the temperature of the structure: heating the concrete is usually more efficient drying method like heating the air surrounding the concrete •floor surface grindingandsanitation .

21. 8 . Concrete floor implementation instructions 8.1 Kick-off meeting and reception of the work area Before starting any floor work should be arranged shared by different parties kick-off meeting A quorum representative from at least the following is invited to the opening meeting from the parties • builder • main contractor • flooring contractor • of concrete supplier •structural engineer The meeting the primary goal is to ensure quality by going through the issues related to the contract so that all parties have a clear and uniform understanding of the issues related to the execution of the work.

22. At the kick-off meeting the following matters are discussed to the necessary extent : • plans and documents drawn up for the work (work reports, drawings) • job - and liability limits • quality requirements ( also unclassified Quality factors ) • quality to state used methods • the contractor's quality system or site-specific quality plan • of concrete characteristics • casting conditions and weather protection need • material deliveries and storage • driving routes, work schedule and concreting plan, including concrete move, of concrete sealing method , surface finishing and aftercare procedures • supplying factories, preparation for disruptions (spare factory, spare pump), delivery speed • structural details and special precision or unusual work technique require points • schedule • connection of the contract to other work phases of the construction site •responsible persons and contact information • persons who decide on tasks and changes that deviate from plans during work • the contractor to be answered those quality documents • commissioning of the floor (loading, other work steps) • floor maintenance instructions and delivery to the customer.

23. Kick-off meeting… Minutes of the meeting are drawn up and signed by the customer and the contractor. Floor work the starting point for planning is the contract program and general schedule of the entire construction site. The floor you have to allow time for doing it so that there is also enough time for the post-treatment and drying of the concrete and the floor is not loaded too early. Daily the amount of work is matched to the joint distribution according to the plans as well as possible. Floor work in the timing it must be taken into account that the high the achievement of quality requirements is more difficult in winter conditions than in warm conditions.

24. • height levels (platform, reinforcement, surface, floor wells, slopes, etc.) • platform carrying capacity and evenness • thermal insulation ( material and installation ) • reinforcement • seam structures and reservations • a platform to possibly limit the future plastic film, filter fabric, etc. • preparatory work and possible protections agreed for the customer's tasks • the quality and tensile strength of the concrete surface that will be the base of the attached surface floor • the temperature and relative humidity of the casting room and the necessary insulation/closure • platform the temperature , also in corner areas • lighting - and heating conditions • the need for weather protection if casting outdoors. At the reception of the work area, the flooring contractor and the customer inspect together about the base of the future floor, the surrounding workspace and the prepared plans The acceptance inspection ensures that the casting conditions are as agreed and concreting can be carried out as planned. From the reception inspection of the work area will be done minutes .

25. 8 .2 The work method selection The choice of work method is based on that I'm done the floor must be filled planned for the destination of use set requirements. So that everyone's end result influential parties would be the same a unified understanding of these requirements , defines the quality level of the features that the designer considers to be the most important . The definition is based on unequivocal explanations measurement and to testing methods or the appropriate testing method in the absence of something else to the quality deemed appropriate evaluation method. Affecting the choice of work methodfactors are e.g : Set quality requirements and purpose of the floor the floor structure of casting areas size and shape of concrete transfer possibilities probable ones working and curing conditions alternative ones concretes, raw materials at the workplace quality floor work adaptation to other work phases seams and one-time casting areas the contractor experience and capabilities

26. 8 .3 Selection of concrete The choice of concrete mass is based on the ready-made to those placed on the floor to quality requirements and to the selected work technique . However, the quality of the floor is created in many different ways from the combined effect of the factor . Deficiency of any component causes bad the end result. The whole that leads to a good result is of different components optimal combination . The criteria for choosing concrete are Strength Maximum grain size Wear resistance of the body material The quality of the binder Water-cement ratio Suppleness Shrinkage magnitude / crack control Pouring temperature of concrete

27. 8.4 Temperature The temperature has a significant impact on fresh concrete properties. On the floor concrete is thin and difficult to be protected as a layer, to the thickness of which compared to large surface area emphasizes the effects of circumstances . Equal and even temperature is ideal the good ones to create and maintain curing conditions . Temperature differences cause an uneven hardening and increase water evaporation in fresh concrete of the surface, whereby risk of plastic cracks to be born grow significantly. Concreting space the right air temperature (at least +10 degrees) near the floor line is important. Special attention should be attached to the corners and to the doorways. The correct temperature should be reached at least 12 hours before concreting. Concreting during will come avoid strong heating, as evaporation from the open surface increases.

28. 8.4 Temperature… Especially on thin floors, the temperature of the concrete mass drops quickly casting platform (gravel, concrete) temperature according to and airspace strong heating during the casting degrades important bonding and hardening initial stage reactions and aftermath. All right conditions, the best results are obtained with a cool air (15...20 C ) by mass. Cool conditions , the temperature of the mass can be increased up to 30 C. Here however for all work phases the time used is significantly reduced. It can be considered as a rough rule that, for example temperature drop +20 from degrees to +10 degrees doubles the engagement time respectively temperature increase from +20 degrees + to 30 degrees cuts the engagement time in half .

29. 9 . Correct implementation of a concrete floor Size during the project: close cooperation, "intact chain" tight control of quality be ready to pay Before casting: careful planning and dimensioning platform check ladies conditions successful mass selection In the implementation phase: right work performance uniform quality mass ladies conditions fit casting areas careful aftercare Castings after: careful aftercare No too early loading No coating too early

30. Hannu Timonen-Nissi [email protected] www.rudus.fi