COMMON UTILITIES of the Linux Operating System.pptx

Linux Common Utilities

1. COMMON UTILITIES

2. In Red Hat Linux, pipes and various utilities are essential for processing, manipulating, and managing files and data. Additionally, compressing and archiving files is common for efficient storage and distribution. Here's a brief description of pipes, four common utilities, and file compression/archiving tools:

3. 1. Pipe (|): A pipe is a command-line feature that allows you to redirect the output of one command as input to another command. It uses the vertical bar | symbol to connect two or more commands, enabling you to create powerful data processing pipelines. Pipes are useful for filtering, transforming, and combining data from various sources or commands.

4. In Red Hat Linux, the pipe (|) command is used to redirect the output of one command as input to another command. It allows you to create powerful data processing pipelines. Here's an example of how to use the pipe command: Let's say you have a text file named sample.txt that contains some data, and you want to search for lines that contain the word "Linux" and then count the number of such lines. You can achieve this using the grep and wc commands in a pipeline. Here's the command:

5. cat sample.txt | grep "Linux" | wc -l In this example: cat sample.txt: This command displays the contents of the sample.txt file. grep "Linux": The output of cat is piped to grep , which searches for lines containing the word "Linux." wc -l: Finally, the output of grep is piped to wc -l, which counts the number of lines. The result will be the count of lines in the sample.txt file that contain the word "Linux."

6. Four Common Utilities:

7. 1. grep : grep stands for "Global Regular Expression Print." It is a powerful text search utility that allows you to search for specific patterns (regular expressions) within text files or the output of other commands. Example: grep pattern filename

8. 2. awk : awk is a versatile text processing utility. It is particularly useful for data manipulation, text extraction, and report generation. You can use it to define custom patterns and actions for processing data. Example: awk '{print $2}' filename (prints the second field in each line of a file)

9. 3. sed : sed stands for "Stream Editor." It is used for text manipulation, including search and replace operations, text deletion, and more. sed operates on a stream of text, making it suitable for scripting and batch processing. Example: sed 's/old-text/new-text/g' filename (replaces all occurrences of "old-text" with "new-text")

10. 4. sort: sort is used to sort the lines of text files or the output of other commands in various ways, including numerically and alphabetically. You can specify sorting options to control the order. Example: sort -n filename (sorts the file numerically)

11. File Compression and Archiving Tools:

12. 1. tar: tar stands for "Tape Archive." It is a command-line utility used for creating and extracting archives (compressed collections of files). It can also be used to compress files using other utilities like gzip or bzip2. Example: Creating a tar archive: tar - cvf archive.tar files, Extracting a tar archive: tar - xvf archive.tar

13. 2. gzip : gzip is a file compression utility that uses the DEFLATE compression algorithm. It is commonly used to compress single files and is known for its high compression ratio. Example: Compressing a file: gzip filename, Decompressing: gzip -d compressedfile.gz

14. 3. bzip2: bzip2 is another file compression utility that uses the Burrows-Wheeler transform. It offers better compression ratios compared to gzip but can be slower. Example: Compressing a file: bzip2 filename, Decompressing: bzip2 -d compressedfile.bz2

15. 4. zip (optional, not installed by default): zip is a utility for compressing and archiving files in the ZIP format. It's useful for creating and extracting ZIP archives, which are commonly used in Windows environments. Example: Creating a ZIP archive: zip archive.zip files, Extracting a ZIP archive: unzip archive.zip