Communicable-Diseases.pdf

Reviewer

1. gventula.RN
DISEASE HOST ETIOLOGY S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION NOTES
DENGUE
“Break Bone
Fever”

* GRADE 1
- nonspeci
symptoms +
tourniquet test
* GRADE 2
- Grade 1 +
bleeding
* GRADE 3
- Grade 2 + circu
failure
* GRADE 4
- Grade 3 + shock
Female Aedes
aegypti
- arboviruses
(transmitted by
anthropods)
- white markings
- day biting; low
flying
Dengue Fever Virus
- RNA Virus
________________

- mosquito bites
- infected blood prod
- organ donation
- vertical
transmission
A. Febrile Stage
- high fever; abdo pain;
headache
- rash at 2
nd
day or later
- biphasic fever
- petechiae
(+) tourniquet test

B. Critical/Hemorrhage
- low fever; severe abdo
pain; melena;
hematemesis; vomiting
- narrow pulse pressure
- unstable BP
(-) tourniquet test

C. Recovery
- watch for circ overload

- reported symptoms
- physical exam
_________________
CHANGES:
1. Low WBC
2. Low Platelet
3. Metabolic Acidosis
- hemoconcentration
or rising Hct
- hypoalbuminemia
- ascites
Symptom relief:
- paracetamol
- antipyretic
- fluid replacement
(3L per day)
- BT (usually whole
blood or PRBC)
- oresol (75mL/kg for
4 to 6 hours)
- LOOP diuretic
* NO ASPIRIN
* STOP IV DURING
RECOVERY – prevent
circu overload
* DORSAL
RECUMBENT if with
shock
- low fat; low fiber;
non-irritating


FOUR S by DOH
1. Search and
Destroy
2. Self Protection
3. Seek consultation
4. Say no to fogging

DHF
- Fever
- Hemorrhagic
episode
- platelet <100,000
- increased vascular
permeability

DSS
- DHF symptoms plus
shock

INCUBATION:
6 to 7 days

COMMUNICABILITY
Within first week

June to November

MALARIA

Female Anopheles
- clear, flowing,
shaded streams
- brown; night biting

SPOROZOITE
MEROZOITE
- invades RBC
- symptoms begin

PLASMODIUM
Falciparum- common
Malariae
Vivax
Ovale
Knowle

Attacks hepatocytes
at the LIVER
________________
- BT
- shared needle
- vertical trans





Chills
Hepatomegaly
Anemia
Sweating
Elevated Temperature

+ malaise and
spleenomegaly

+ may cause JAUNDICE
due to RBC death
A. CLINICAL METHOD
- signs and symptoms

B. MICROSCOPIC
METHOD
- blood smear (GOLD
STANDARD)
CHLOROQUINE for
prophylaxis (2
weeks)

MEFLOQUINE if
pregnant

* ARTEMISININ
COMBINATION
THERAPY (ACT)

WITH VACCINE
RTS,S OR
MOSQUIRIX



A. Treatment of
Mosquito Nets
B. House Spraying
C. n Stream
Seeding
D. On Stream
Clearing

9PM to 3AM

ZOOPROPHYLAXIS
INCUBATION
10 – 14 days

2. gventula.RN
FILARIAS
- under
helminthiasis or
worm infection
Culex or Anopheles WUCHERERIA
BANCROFTI

BRUGIA MALAYI

BRUGIA TIMORI
________________
Young and adult
worm (10 years
lifespan) stay at
lymph nodes and
vessels

Micofilariae at blood

A. ASYMPTOMATIC
- microfilariae at blood

B. ACUTE
- LYMPHADENITIS
(inflam of lymph nodes)
- LYMPHANGITIS
(inflame of lymph vessels)

C. CHRONIC
- HYDROCELE
- LYMPHEDEMA
- ELEPHANTIASIS
NOCTURNAL BLOOD
EXAM (Finger Prick)
- Gold Standard
- taken at night after
8:00PM

IMMUNOCHROMA
TOGRAPHIC TEST
(ICT)
- for rapid
assessment

DIETHYL
CARBAMAZINE
CITRATE (DEC) or
HETRAZAN
- 6mg/kg once a year

Hygiene (clean twice
a day with soap and
water

Give antibiotic or
antifungal

Surgery
Sanitation

Insecticide

Same PPE for
mosquito

Health Education

Repellants

INFECTIVE STAGE:
- Larvae entering the
body

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE
- presence of
sheathed
microfilariae in the
blood
SCHISTOSOMIAS
- “Bilhariasis”
- “Snail Fever”

ONCOMELANIA
QUADRASI

Usually taken from
contaminated water


Schistosoma:
- JAPONICUM
- MANSONI
(both are GI)

- HAEMATOBIUM
(usually at bladder
and ureter)

INFECTIVE:
- CERCARIAE (fork
tailed)
- dies after 48 hours

MIRACIDIUM



SWIMMER’S ITCH

Diarrhea
Bloody Stool
Enlarged abdomen
Spleenomegaly
Weakness
Anemia
Inflamed liver

CIRCUMOVAL
PRECIPITIN TEST
- or identification of
egg through
microscopy

KATO – KATZ STOOL
EXAM
PRAZIQUANTEL
(BILTRICIDE)
- 1 tab twice a day
for three months

Treat breeding sites
with MOLLUSCICIDES

May wipe foot with
70% alcohol after
wading from water

Always dry

REMOVE BREEDING
SITES OF SNAILS
INCUBATION
4 – 6 weeks

3. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
LEPROSY
- “Hansen’s
Disease”
- leading cause of
permanent physical
disability
- affects peripheral
nerves, eyes, skin,
mucosa of URT
- MILDLY
CONTAGIOUS

“LEONINE FACIES”

“GLOVE AND
STOCKING”

RA 4073

MYCOBACTERIUM
LEPRAE
- acid fast, rod shape

MYCOBACTERIUM
LEPROMATOSIS

Airborne inhalation
Skin to skin contact
EARLY
- change in skin color
- loss of sensation
- decrease sweating
- thickened and paiful
nerves
- muscle weakness or
paralysis
- painful, red eyes
- nasal obstruct or
bleeding
- ulcers do not heal

LATE
* MADAROSIS
- loss of eyebrows
* LAGOPHTHALMOS
- inability to close eye

- clawing of fingers
- contractures
- sinking nose bridge
- gynecomastia
- chronic ulcer

PHYSICAL EXAM +
HISTORY OF
CONTACT
- presence of skin
lesions and loss of
sensory
- can either be single
or multiple;
hypopigmented or
reddish or copper
- SENSORY LOSS is
important to
distinguish

2. (+) SLIT SKIN
SMEAR (SSS)
- optional
- only if in doubt


PAUCIBACILLARY
1. RIFAMPICIN
- 600mg/month
- 450mg if 10-14 yo
2. DAPSONE
- 100mg per day
- 50mg if 10-14 yo
* 6 BLISTER PACKS IN
9 MONTHS

MULTIBACILLARY
+ DAPSONE
- 100mg daily
- 50mg daily
* 12 BLISTER PACKS
IN 19 MONTHS

If age below ten,
HALF DOSAGE

If treatment is
complete, CURED
even if with s/sx

NON – INFECTIOUS
after 1 week of
treatment












12 years below are
susceptible

BCG VACCINATION
PERSONAL HYGIENE
AVOID CONTACT

INCUBATION:
5 – 2 years

RIDLEY-JOPLING CLASSIFICATION
1. MULTIBACILLARY
- more than 5 lesions
- lepromatous and borderline
- INFECTIOUS
(-) LEPROMIN TEST
- slow peripheral nerve involvement

2. PAUCIBACILLARY
- less than 5
- tuberculoid and indeterminate
- NON – INFECTIOUS
(+) LEPROMIN TEST – good sign
- rapid peripheral involvement

POSITIVE if: 10mm or more in 48H or 5mm
after 21 days

4. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
DIPHTERIA
- infection of the
tonsils, throat,
nose, larynx, or a
wound marked by
patches of grayish
membrane

1. GRAVIS
2. MITIS
3. INTERMIDIUS
CORYNEBACTERIUM
DIPTHERIA
(Klebs – Loeffer
Bacillus)
- toxin producing
- gram positive
- aerobic

HUMAN TO HUMAN
TRANSMISSION
- through coughing
or sneezing (droplet)
- direct contact
- MILK can serve as a
vehicle

GREYISH
PSEUDOMEMBRANE

FOUL SMELLING NASAL
DISCHARGES

“BULL NECK”

BRASSY OR BARKING
COUGH “CROUP”
LABORATORY
ISOLATION OF
BACTERIA through
gram staining or
throat culture

SCHICK TEST
- susceptibility
- 0.1ml of diphtheria
toxin, ID
(+) red and swollen
- indicate non-
immunity

MOLONEY TEST
- hypersensitivity to
DPT
- masamang reaction
Drink vitamin C juice
Inhalation of O2
Prevent exertion
Hydration
Tracheostomy
Have patient isolated
Eat soft food
Rest for two weeks
Ice collar
Antibiotic, antitoxin

PENICILLIN
ERYTHRO
- both for 14 days
ANTITOXIN

DPT VACCINE
PASTEURIZE MILK

INCUBATION:
2 to 5 days

COMMUNICABILITY:
Until absence of bacilli in secretion or lesion
- 2 to 4 weeks

INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH
DIPHTHERIA ARE IMMUNE UNTIL 6
TH

MONTH
PERTUSSIS
“WHOOPING
COUGH”
“100 DAY COUGH”

- an airborne
disease
- highly contagious
- direct contact is a
possible
transmission

BORDETELLA
PERTUSSIS

Others:
- Hemophilus
pertussis
- Bordet Gengou

- Initial: common cold;
runny nose; fever; cough
(CATARRHAL STAGE)
- weeks of cough fits
- high pitch whoop
sounds in between cough
fits
- cyanosis; distended vein
- may last up to 10 weeks
- may vomit, break ribs
(PAROXYSMAL STAGE)
- reduced coughing
- reduced vomiting
-whoops may persist
(CONVALESCENT STAGE)

If less than one year, no
cough; apnea



NASOPHAYNGEAL
SWAB
- taken at the back of
the nose and throat
- culture during the
first 3 weeks only;
Polymerase Chain
Reaction after 3
weeks.
Antibiotic:
Erythro; Clarithro:
Azithro (Macrolides)

If treated with
antibiotic, no longer
infectious after five
days.

ISOLATE during time
of communicability
DPT VACCINE INCUBATION:
7 to 10 days but not >21 days

COMMUNICABILITY:
Start of symptoms until three weeks into
the coughing fits

SUSCEPTIBILITY:
Mostly seen in children; peaks at age 7;
highest in infants < 6mos

ONE ATTACK CONFERS DEFINITE AND
PROLONGED IMMUNITY although second
attack is possible

5. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
TETANUS
“LOCKJAW” or
“TRISMUS”
- characterized by
muscle spasms
- usually starts at
the jaw and moves
to other parts

“RISUS
SARDONICUS”
- sarcastic smile
- pathog

CLOSTRIDIUM
TETANI
- anaerobic
- spore forming
- toxin producing

- commonly found in
soil, saliva, dust, and
manure

- enters body
through puncture

TETANOSPASMIN
- this causes the
spasm
- inhibits GABA and
glycin

TRISMUS

OPISTHOTONUS
- arching of the back


BASED ON
SYMPTOMS

NO BLOOD TEST FOR
TETANUS (SAD)

The bacteria is hard
to isolate; may also
be found in people
without tetanus

SPATULA TEST
- touch posterior
tongue
(+) biting down
(-) gag reflex
Mild:
- TETANUS
IMMUNOGLOBULIN
( aka tetanus
antibodies or tetanus
antitoxin
- METRONIDAZOLE
- DIAZEPAM

Severe:
Admit at ICU
- TIG
- trachea with mech
- magnesium (for
seizure)
- diazepam (relaxant)


DPT
TT

If mother is
vaccinated, infant
will have passive
immunity

Post exposure
prophy:
Give TT with or
without tetanus
immunoglobin
INCUBATION:
3 to 21 days
- the farther, the longer
* in infants, appears 4 to 14 days after
birth; average of 7 days

10% infected dies; bye bitch

In infants, cause is due to unhealed
umbilical stump; especially when cut with
unsterile instrument

Full recovery after 4 to 6 weeks

HIGH CALORIE DIET to help compensate
(3500 to 4000) NGT

POLIOMYELITIS
“INFANTILE
PARALYSIS”
“HEINE-MEDIN
DISEASE”


Poliovirus (Legio
debilitans)

- PV1 BRUNHILDE
(most common)
- PV2 LANSING
- PV3 LEON

Immunity to one
strain does not
provide protection
against the other
two.
Transmitted through
fecal-oral and oral-
oral route
Normal people:
asymptomatic

NON-PARALYTIC

PARALYTIC POLIO
- virus enters CNS;
replicates at anterior
horn cells (motor
neurons) of spinal cord
causing ACUTE FLACCID
PARALYSIS
*SPINAL: paralysis on
one or both lower
extrem
* BULBAR POLIO
- attacks motor neurons
of the brain stem causing
DOB; dysphagia

SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS

Culture from stool
sample or throat
swab

CSF: increased WBC;
increased protein
- detection of virus
from CSF confirms
paralytic polio
NO CURE, BABY. I’M
SORRY

Relief of symptoms:
Antibiotics;
analgesics; exercise;
nutritious diet; OT;
PT; ventilators

DO NOT GIVE
MORPHINE: May
depress breathing
INCUBATION:
3 to 35 days

COMMUNICABILITY:
7 to 10 days before and after appearance of
symptoms; but can still be transmitted
while virus is in the saliva or feces

VEM (Ventral-Efferent-Motor)
DAS (Dorsal-Afferent-Sensory)

PANDY’S SIGN (elevated protein)
-turns Pandy’s solution from clear to turbid
HOYNE’S SIGN (head lag)
AMOSS’ SIGN (tripod)

6. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
MEASLES/RUBIOLA
- highly
communicable;
fever, rash, URT
symptoms

KOPLIK’S SPOTS
- pathog
- temporary and
rarely seen

- usually resolves
after about three
weeks

- one of the leading
cause of death
among children
Measles Virus
(Morbilli
paramyxoviridae)

- airborne, through
cough and colds
- contact with saliva
and nasal secretion

- can be contagious
in the air or in the
surface for up to
TWO HOURS

Man is the only
reservoir
- initial: 4D (4 day) fever,
3C (cough, coryza,
conjunctivitis)

-KOPLIK’S SPOTS , or
greyish pecks in inner
cheeks (2-3 days after
onset of symptoms)

- red flat rashes
(maculopapular)
(morbilliform rash) starts
at the face (back of ear)
and spreads (4-5 days
after onset of symptoms)

Day 6: Kopliks regress
Day 7-8: Intense rash
Day 10: resolution

HISTORY OF FEVER
FOR ATLEAST THREE
DAYS; WITH ATLEAST
ONE OF THE 3C’s

KOPLIK’S SPOT IS
ALSO A DIAGNOSIS
NO SPECIFIC
TREATMENT, BABY.

Patient recovers
through rest and
supportive
treatment.

Give VITAMIN A to
prevent blindness
(WHO)

Give ZINC for better
outcome

HYDRATE; GOOD
NUTRITION;
ANTIBIOTIC FOR EYE
AND EAR INFECTION
VACCINATION

ISOLATION

DISINFECTION
_______________
Protect patient’s
eyes to strong lights

Keep in rooms free
from drafts to
prevent pneumonia
INCUBATION:
10 – 12 days after exposure

COMUNICABILITY:
4 days before and after start of rash

Cause of death is due to complications

Passive immunity to babies born from
mothers who had measles for the FIRST
MONTH OF LIFE ONLY.

PERMANENT ACQUIRED IMMUNITY after
the attack
MUMPS
“Endemic
Parotitis”
- a viral disease;
swelling of one or
both parotid glands

Mumps virus
- paramyxoviridae
- rubulavirus
- PARAMYXOVIRUS

Transmitted via
droplet, direct
contact.

Man is the only
reservoir
Fever; headache; malaise;
loss of appetite; painful
swelling infront of ear,
jaw and neck

Parotid swelling persist
for about one week

Testicular inflammation
(ORCHITIS)
BY SYMPTOM
(PAROTID
SWELLING)
- can be confirmed
through virus
isolation from
parotid duct

SUPPORTIVE
- apply ice or heat at
neck of testicle
- acetaminophen
- warm gargles; soft,
bland or liquid food
(not sweet, not sour);
extra fluid
ISOLATE

For orchitis, support
testicles. Give 300 –
400mg cortisone,
then 100mg every 6
hours.

BED REST. DAILY
BATH. MOUTH
WASH
Prophylaxis with
vaccine. It is useless
if the patient has
active mumps
disease.

ALWAYS DISINFECT

PPE

DO NOT ENTER
SCHOOL PLEASE

INCUBATION:
12 – 26 days; usually 18

COMMUNICABILITY:
7 days before symptoms; 8 days after (Wiki)
48H before swelling (Sir July)

After first attack, immune for life. Tho
reinfection may still occur

DO NOT GIVE ASPIRIN TO CHILDREN. MAY
CAUSE REYE’S SYNDROME

GENERAL RULE: NO MEDICATION FOR
CHILDREN

PWEDE KA MABAOG BES. OKI LANG.
PANGIT NAMAN LAHI MO.

7. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
VARICELLA
“Chickenpox”


VARICELLA ZOSTER
VIRUS (Human
Herpesvirus)

Humans are the only
source of infection

- airborne disease
through cough and
sneeze
- direct or indirect
Skin rash: small, itchy,
blisters which scabs.
Starts at chest, back, and
face then all over the
world. Maculopapular
first, then vesicular, then
scab. Ganon. Improving.

Fever, tiredness,
headache.

ITCHINESS
THROUGH
PRESENTING
SYMPTOMS
SUPPORTIVE
- stay at home
- cut nails; or wear
mittens or gloves;
calamine lotion for
itchiness;
- good hygiene with
warm water
- paracetamol; NOT
ASPIRIN, MAKULIT?
- ACYCLOVIR, start
within 24H of rash
onset
- antihistamine



EXCLUDE FROM
SCHOOL FOR 1 WEEK
AFTER VESICLES

If >15yo, report to
check possibility of
SMALLPOX

ISOLATE

DISINFECT
INCUBATION:
2 – 3 weeks; 13 to 17 days common

COMMUNICABILITY:
Not more than one day before eruption of
first rash up to 5 days after LAST CROP.

Usually lasts 5 to 7 days.

AN ATTACK CONFERS LONG TERM
IMMUNITY

Not common in infancy.

SHINGLES
“HERPES ZOSTER”
- due to the
reactivation of the
varicella zoster
virus

POSTHERPETIC
NEURALGIA
- usual after effect
- nerve pain due to
nerve damage;
- 90 days

- heals within 2 to 4
weeks
Painful skin rash with
blisters in LOCALIZED
area in a single wide
stripe either on the left
or right side of body or
face

Tingling sensation 2 to 4
days before rash.

BURNING PAIN

- headache, fever,
malaise
- hyperesthesia
- paresthesia (tingling)

DERMATONAL RASH




THROUGH
PRESENTING
SYMPTOMS
ACYCLOVIR, start
within 24H of rash
onset

ANALGESIC

ANTI-
INFLAMMATORY
VACCINATE

DISINFECT


Exposure of people to the virus from
blisters may cause chickenpox.

WITH VACCINE

COMMUNICABILITY:
Not more than one day before eruption of
first rash up to 5 days after LAST CROP.

SHINGLES IN CHILDREN IS PAINLESS

ZOSTER SINE HERPETE describes the person
with shingles but without rash

8. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
RUBELLA
“German Measles”
“3-day Measles”
- mild, most won’t
even know they are
infected

FORCHHEIMER’S
SIGN – small, red
papules on the
area of soft palate
RUBELLA VIRUS
(Rubi togaviridae)

Transmitted through
the air, droplet.
Replicates in
nasopharynx and
lymph nodes.

TERATOGENIC
- capable of crossing
placenta, stop cells
or destroy them

ONLY HUMANS ARE
INFECTED.

Similar to flu

Primary symptom:
APPEARANCE OF RASH
(EXANTHEM)
- starts at two weeks
after exposure; starts at
face and spread
centrifugally to trunk and
extremities.
- usually fades at day 3
- itchy, not as bright as
measles (pink or light red)
-LEAVES NO STAINING OR
AFTERMARKS

SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES
- posterior
lymphadenopathy;
persists for up to a week;

JOINT PAIN IN ADULT

Fever rarely rises above
38c (low grade);
CONJUNCTIVITIS
LABORATORY
WORKS: Finding the
virus at blood, throat
or urine; presence of
antibodies +
presence of the rash
SUPPORTIVE

BED REST;
ACETAMINOPHEN;
ANTIHISTAMINE;

STARCH BATH
VACCINATION
DISINFECTION
ISOLATION
DROPLET
PRECAUTION
COMMUNICABILITY:
The week before and after the appearance
of rashes.

ONCE RECOVERED, IMMUNE FOR LIFE.

THE OLDER THE PERSON, THE MORE
SEVERE THE SYMPTOMS

INCUBATION:
2 to 3 weeks after exposure
CONGENITAL
RUBELLA
SYNDROME
- caused by
intrauterine
infection

THE MAIN REASON
FOR THE RUBELLA
VACCINE
Causes prematurity,
low birth weight;
neonatal
thrombocytopenia;
anemia; hepatitits

MOST RISKY AT
FIRST TRIMESTER

Mother with rubella at
first trimester may have a
miscarriage or stillborn. If
baby survives, it will have
heart defects (PDA is
common), blindness,
deafness; microcephaly;
mental retardation; bone
alterations; liver and
spleen damage

BLUE BERRY MUFFIN
- skin manifestation
INCLUDED IN THE
TORCH COMPLEX:

TOXOPLASMOSIS
Other infections
RUBELLA
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
HERPES SIMPLEX

Others may include:
chickenpox,
Chlamydia;
coxsackievirus; HIV;
syphilis; zika fever
SUPPORTIVE
MANAGEMENT
ONLY.

9. gventula.RN

DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
GONORRHEA
“GC”
“DRIP”
“CLAP”

- most common
cause of PELVIC
INFLAMMATORY
DISEASE

Ectopic pregnancy
or infertility may be
a complication due
to PID (pelvic
inflammatory
disease; uterus,
fallo, ovary)
NEISSERIA
GONORRHOEAE
- fragile; does not
survive long outside
the body
- KILLED BY DRYING;
SUNLIGHT; UVL
- Killed by ordinary
disinfectant

Spread through
sexual contact:
ORAL, ANAL,
VAGINAL

Vertical
transmission

May be asymptomatic

BURNING URINATION
PUS DISCHARGES (most
common in men)
LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN
PAIN DURING SEX

Infection of throat, eye,
nose

ENDOMETRIOSIS
SALPINGITIS

GRAM STAINING of
cervical smear and
urethral smear

DIPLOCOCCI will be
seen
IN JECTABLE
CEFTRIAXONE with
either azithromycin
or doxycycline

CDC and WHO
recommends Ceftrio
and Azithro
CDC’s ABC
DOH 4C

CDC recommends to
avoid contact atleast
one week after final
day of treatment

CREDE’S
PROPHYLAXIS
(tetracycline,
erythromycin, silver
nitrate)
- given within 1 hour
after birth
50% of women are asymptomatic

INCUBATION:
2 to 14 days

Symptoms appear at 4
th
to 6
th
day

PREVIOUS INFECTION DOES NOT CONFER
IMMUNITY

MSM have higher risk

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
- infection of baby’s eye
CHLAMYDIA
- most common STI
“The Silent
Epidemic”

TRACHOMA
- roughing of the
inner surface of the
eyelids
- may cause
blindness

Same
complications as
Gonorrhea
CHLAMYDIA
TRACHOMATIS

Spread through
sexual contact:
ORAL, ANAL,
VAGINAL

Vertical
transmission

Personal contact;
flies, contaminated
towel





Maybe asymptomatic
especially when CERVIX is
infected

Vaginal bleeding;
abdominal pain; painful
sex; fever; painful
urination; urinary urgency

Inflammation of urethra;
penile discharge;
testicular pain and
swelling; fever

May cause epididymitis
causing sterility


SWAB from site of
infection
AZITHROMYCIN
DOXYCYCLINE
CREDE’S
PROPHYLAXIS

Advise not to have
sex for seven days or
until symptom free
SCREENING IS RECOMMENDED TO WOMEN
BELOW 25 WHO ARE SEXUALLY ACTIVE.

INCUBATION:
2 to 3 weeks

10. gventula.RN
DISEASE AGENT S/SX DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION SIDE NOTES
SYPHILIS
“Sy”
“Bad blood”
“The Pox”
“The Great
Immitator”
- chronic, infectious
which begins in
mucus membrane
and becomes
sytemic
TREPONEMA
PALLIDUM
- passes trough
mucosa and
placenta
- spiral shape, highly
mobile, gram nega
- dies quickly
outside the body

Transmitted
through sex, vertical
transmission,
kissing near a
lesion, blood
products
PRIMARY (3 to 90 days)
- appearance of CHANCRE
either cervix, penis or
rectum
- macule, papule, ulcer
- firm, painless, non-itchy
SECONDARY (4 to 10 wks)
- rash on palms, soles
- fever, malaise, sore
throat, ALOPECIA
- warts
LATENT
- it is asymptomatic
- contagious only via
transplacenta
TERTIARY (3 to 15 years)
- formation of gummas,
tumor-like balls of
inflame
- can infect liver, brain,
bones, heart
BLOD TEST

DARK FIELD
ILLUMINATION TEST

KALM TEST


BENZYLPENICILLIN
DOXYCYCLINE
TETRACYCLINE
(cause discoloration
of teeth)

JARISCH-
HERXHEIMER
REACTION
- potential side effect
of rupturing syphilis
bacteria
- starts within one
hour up to 24 hours:
Fever, hypotension,
musculoskeletal
pain, tachycardia
- NOT LIFE
THREATENING



SAME SAME CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
- asymptomatic, but develops symptoms
after several years: enlargement of liver and
spleen, rash, fever, lung inflammation