communication protocols ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE IOT - .pptx

Zigbee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using low-power digital radios. It is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and is used in applications requiring low data rates and long battery life, such as home automation, industrial automation, and medical devices.

1. ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE PRESENTED BY: NAME:JOSEPH KIPNGETICH REG NO:23CSEF19 CLASS:II-MSC IT SUBJECT:INTERNET OF THING 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 1

2. TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS APPLICATION BENEFITS CONCLUSION 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 2

3. INTRODUCTION ZigBee architecture refers to the structure and organization of the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, which is designed for low-power, low-data-rate, and short-range wireless communication. Zigbee Architecture or often called as the Zigbee Stack . 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 3

4. ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 4

5. ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURAL LAYERS Physical Layer (PHY) : Function : The physical layer defines the physical characteristics of the wireless communication, such as frequency channels, modulation methods (e.g., O-QPSK for 2.4 GHz band), data rates, and transmission power levels. Explanation : It establishes how bits are transmitted over the air and ensures compatibility between ZigBee devices in terms of radio frequency bands (2.4 GHz and 868/915 MHz) and transmission standards . 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 5

6. CONT… MAC Layer (Medium Access Control): Function : The MAC layer manages access to the physical medium and controls how data is transmitted between devices within the ZigBee network. Explanation : It handles tasks such as channel selection, addressing, frame structure, and frame acknowledgment. The MAC layer supports various network topologies (star, mesh, and cluster tree) and ensures efficient use of the available bandwidth . 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 6

7. Network Layer : Function : The network layer is responsible for forming and maintaining the network topology, addressing devices, routing data packets, and managing security aspects. Explanation : It supports the ZigBee mesh networking topology, where devices can dynamically route messages to reach their destination. The network layer also handles network reconfiguration and ensures robustness and reliability. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 7 CONT…

8. Application Support Sublayer (APS) : Function : The APS sublayer provides services to the application layer, including data encryption, binding, and grouping of devices. Explanation : It facilitates the interaction between the application layer and the lower layers of ZigBee. The APS manages application-specific tasks such as defining application profiles (e.g., for home automation or industrial control), handling data transmission requirements, and ensuring secure communication between devices. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 8 CONT…

9. Application Layer : Function : The application layer defines the specific functionalities and services that ZigBee devices can provide. It includes application profiles that specify how devices interact in particular use cases. Explanation : This layer enables ZigBee devices to support various applications such as lighting control, HVAC systems, security systems, and smart meters. Application profiles define standardized communication protocols and data formats for specific applications, ensuring interoperability between different manufacturers' devices. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 9 CONT…

10. ZigBee Coordinator : Function : In ZigBee networks, one device acts as the coordinator, responsible for network management, security, and coordination of communication between devices. Explanation : The coordinator initiates and maintains the network, assigns addresses to devices, manages security keys, and controls network access. It ensures that devices within the network can communicate effectively and securely. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 10 CONT…

11. ZigBee Router and End Devices : Function : Devices in a ZigBee network can be either routers or end devices. Routers extend the network’s range and capabilities by routing data between devices, while end devices communicate with routers or the coordinator. Explanation : Routers form the backbone of ZigBee mesh networks, allowing for multi-hop communication and network resilience. End devices, often sensors or actuators, conserve energy by entering low-power sleep modes when not actively transmitting data. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 11 CONT…

12. APPLICATION 1 .Industrial Automation and Control : In industrial environments, ZigBee enables wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for monitoring and controlling machinery, equipment, and environmental conditions. It's used for applications like asset tracking, equipment monitoring, predictive maintenance, and process automation due to its reliability and scalability. 2.Healthcare and Medical Devices : ZigBee is employed in healthcare for remote patient monitoring, wearable health devices, and medical asset tracking. It enables continuous monitoring of vital signs, patient movement, and environmental conditions in hospitals and home care settings, contributing to improved patient outcomes and operational efficiency. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 12

13. APPLICATION 3.Smart Metering and Energy Management : Utilities and energy providers use ZigBee for smart metering systems to monitor energy consumption, manage utility grids efficiently, and enable demand-response programs. ZigBee-enabled meters communicate data wirelessly to utility companies, allowing for real-time monitoring and analysis of energy usage. 4.Environmental Monitoring : ZigBee-based sensor networks are deployed for environmental monitoring in smart cities and agriculture. These networks monitor air quality, temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and other environmental parameters to support sustainability efforts, urban planning, and precision agriculture practices. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 13

14. BENEFITS Low Power Consumption : ZigBee devices are designed to operate on low power, making them suitable for battery-powered devices such as sensors and actuators. This low power consumption extends battery life, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements. Low Data Rate, High Reliability : ZigBee is optimized for applications that require low data rates but high reliability. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (global) and 868/915 MHz bands (region-specific), providing robust and interference-resistant communication. 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 14

15. Interoperability : ZigBee Alliance ensures interoperability between ZigBee-certified devices, regardless of manufacturer. This standardization allows different ZigBee devices from various vendors to work together seamlessly in a ZigBee network. Security Features : ZigBee incorporates robust security features to protect data transmission and network integrity. It supports AES-128 encryption for secure communication, key management protocols for secure device pairing, and authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access . 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 15 CONT…

16. CONCLUSION The Zigbee architecture is designed for robustness and flexibility, making it suitable for diverse applications like home automation, industrial control, and smart metering. Its emphasis on low power consumption and scalable network configurations allows for long battery life and the ability to support a large number of devices within a network 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 16

17. THANK YOU 8/4/2024 ZIGBEE ARCHITECTURE 17