COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCEDURE PROCEDURE.docx
RashmiEdwin2
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Oct 11, 2025
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About This Presentation
Nursing Manual for community health Nursing
Slide Content
Prepared by
Mrs Rashmi A
Assistant Professor
Sri Devaraj Urs College of Nursing,Tamak,Kolar
Mrs Rashmi A
Assistant Professor
Sri Devaraj Urs College of Nursing,Tamak,Kolar
Manual procedure for Community Health Nursing -1&II
Interviewing skills (using communication & interpersonal skills) procedure
Meaning
Interviewing skills in nursing refer to the systematic use of communication and
interpersonal techniques to gather accurate information from patients, build rapport,
and establish a therapeutic relationship. It involves both verbal and non-verbal
communication (listening, questioning, and empathy, body language) to create trust
and encourage patients to share their health concerns.
Purpose
1.To collect accurate and complete information about the patient’s health status, history,
and concerns.
2.To establish a therapeutic nurse–patient relationship built on trust and respect.
3.To encourage self-expression of feelings, thoughts, and perceptions.
4.To assess patient’s needs, expectations, and problems for planning care.
5.To provide emotional support and reduce anxiety during interaction.
6.To clarify doubts and misconceptions regarding health or treatment.
7.To promote patient cooperation and participation in care and decision-making.
8.To document reliable information for continuity of care and legal purposes.
Procedure
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Prepare a comfortable, private, and quiet
environment.
Promotes openness and helps patient feel
secure.
Greet the patient politely and introduce
yourself with name and role.
Builds trust and establishes professional
relationship.
Explain the purpose of the interview and seek
consent.
Provides clarity, reduces anxiety, and
encourages cooperation.
Interviewing skills (using communication & interpersonal skills) procedure
Meaning
Interviewing skills in nursing refer to the systematic use of communication and
interpersonal techniques to gather accurate information from patients, build rapport,
and establish a therapeutic relationship. It involves both verbal and non-verbal
communication (listening, questioning, and empathy, body language) to create trust
and encourage patients to share their health concerns.
Purpose
1.To collect accurate and complete information about the patient’s health status, history,
and concerns.
2.To establish a therapeutic nurse–patient relationship built on trust and respect.
3.To encourage self-expression of feelings, thoughts, and perceptions.
4.To assess patient’s needs, expectations, and problems for planning care.
5.To provide emotional support and reduce anxiety during interaction.
6.To clarify doubts and misconceptions regarding health or treatment.
7.To promote patient cooperation and participation in care and decision-making.
8.To document reliable information for continuity of care and legal purposes.
Procedure
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Prepare a comfortable, private, and quiet
environment.
Promotes openness and helps patient feel
secure.
Greet the patient politely and introduce
yourself with name and role.
Builds trust and establishes professional
relationship.
Explain the purpose of the interview and seek
consent.
Provides clarity, reduces anxiety, and
encourages cooperation.
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Use open-ended questions (e.g., “Can you tell
me about your health problem?”).
Encourages the patient to express feelings and
provide detailed information.
Listen actively (maintain eye contact, nod,
avoid interruptions).
Shows respect, enhances understanding, and
builds rapport.
Use therapeutic communication techniques
(paraphrasing, summarizing, and
clarification).
Ensures accurate understanding and
encourages patient to elaborate.
Observe non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, tone, and body language.
Provides additional information beyond
spoken words.
Respond with empathy and avoid judgmental
language.
Promotes trust and emotional comfort.
Ask focused or closed-ended questions when
specific details are needed.
Helps to collect accurate, concise data.
Maintain professional boundaries while being
approachable.
Ensures effective communication while
preserving respect and dignity.
Summarize key points at the end of interview.
Confirms understanding and allows
corrections if needed.
Thank the patient for sharing and close
interview politely.
Shows respect and leaves a positive
impression.
Document the information accurately.
Ensures continuity of care and serves as a
legal record.
Conducting community needs assessment/survey-Procedur
Use open-ended questions (e.g., “Can you tell
me about your health problem?”).
Encourages the patient to express feelings and
provide detailed information.
Listen actively (maintain eye contact, nod,
avoid interruptions).
Shows respect, enhances understanding, and
builds rapport.
Use therapeutic communication techniques
(paraphrasing, summarizing, and
clarification).
Ensures accurate understanding and
encourages patient to elaborate.
Observe non-verbal cues such as facial
expressions, tone, and body language.
Provides additional information beyond
spoken words.
Respond with empathy and avoid judgmental
language.
Promotes trust and emotional comfort.
Ask focused or closed-ended questions when
specific details are needed.
Helps to collect accurate, concise data.
Maintain professional boundaries while being
approachable.
Ensures effective communication while
preserving respect and dignity.
Summarize key points at the end of interview.
Confirms understanding and allows
corrections if needed.
Thank the patient for sharing and close
interview politely.
Shows respect and leaves a positive
impression.
Document the information accurately.
Ensures continuity of care and serves as a
legal record.
Conducting community needs assessment/survey-Procedur
Meaning
A community needs assessment (CNA) or survey is a systematic process of collecting,
analyzing, and using information to identify the health needs, problems, resources, and
priorities of a community. It helps health professionals understand gaps in services and plan
appropriate interventions for improving community health.
Purpose
1.To identify the health status, needs, and problems of the community.
2.To assess available resources (health services, manpower, facilities).
3.To set priorities for health planning and interventions.
4.To promote community participation in identifying and solving their own health
problems.
5.To provide baseline data for program planning, implementation, and evaluation.
6.To ensure equitable distribution of health services based on actual needs.
Procedure of Conducting Community Needs Assessment / Survey
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Define the objectives of the survey (what you want to assess).Gives clear direction and focus to the survey.
Select and define the community (area, population).Ensures target population is well identified.
Prepare survey tools (questionnaires, interview schedules,
checklists).
Provides structured and uniform data collection.
Obtain permission from local authorities and inform
community leaders.
Promotes cooperation, acceptance, and smooth conduct
of the survey.
Train surveyors / health workers. Ensures accurate and reliable data collection.
Collect data using suitable methods (interview, observation,
records, focus group discussion, house-to-house survey).
Helps gather comprehensive information on needs and
resources.
Record and organize data systematically. Prevents loss of information and helps in analysis.
Analyze data to identify major problems, resources, and gaps.Facilitates setting priorities and planning interventions.
Share findings with the community and stakeholders.
Promotes transparency and encourages community
participation.
Plan health programs and interventions based on findings.Ensures services meet the real needs of the community.
Document and evaluate the entire process.
Provides baseline for future surveys and continuous
improvement.
Observation skills-procedure
A community needs assessment (CNA) or survey is a systematic process of collecting,
analyzing, and using information to identify the health needs, problems, resources, and
priorities of a community. It helps health professionals understand gaps in services and plan
appropriate interventions for improving community health.
Purpose
1.To identify the health status, needs, and problems of the community.
2.To assess available resources (health services, manpower, facilities).
3.To set priorities for health planning and interventions.
4.To promote community participation in identifying and solving their own health
problems.
5.To provide baseline data for program planning, implementation, and evaluation.
6.To ensure equitable distribution of health services based on actual needs.
Procedure of Conducting Community Needs Assessment / Survey
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Define the objectives of the survey (what you want to assess).Gives clear direction and focus to the survey.
Select and define the community (area, population).Ensures target population is well identified.
Prepare survey tools (questionnaires, interview schedules,
checklists).
Provides structured and uniform data collection.
Obtain permission from local authorities and inform
community leaders.
Promotes cooperation, acceptance, and smooth conduct
of the survey.
Train surveyors / health workers. Ensures accurate and reliable data collection.
Collect data using suitable methods (interview, observation,
records, focus group discussion, house-to-house survey).
Helps gather comprehensive information on needs and
resources.
Record and organize data systematically. Prevents loss of information and helps in analysis.
Analyze data to identify major problems, resources, and gaps.Facilitates setting priorities and planning interventions.
Share findings with the community and stakeholders.
Promotes transparency and encourages community
participation.
Plan health programs and interventions based on findings.Ensures services meet the real needs of the community.
Document and evaluate the entire process.
Provides baseline for future surveys and continuous
improvement.
Observation skills-procedure
Meaning
Observation skills in the community refer to the systematic and purposeful use of
the senses (sight, hearing, and touch, smell) to gather information about the
community’s environment, health practices, social behaviours, and needs. It helps
nurses and health workers assess the community without relying solely on verbal
reports.
Purpose
1.To assess health status and living conditions of the community.
2.To identify health-related behaviors, practices, and risk factors.
3.To detect environmental hazards and sanitation issues.
4.To understand social, cultural, and economic factors affecting health.
5.To provide baseline data for planning community health programs.
6.To evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing health interventions.
Procedure of Observation in Community
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Define the objectives of observation.
Focuses observation on relevant aspects and
avoids unnecessary data collection.
Select the community or area to observe.
Ensures clarity about where and what to
observe.
Plan the observation method (participant or
non-participant).
Determines the level of involvement and
data accuracy.
Prepare an observation guide or checklist.
Provides systematic and structured
observation.
Observation skills in the community refer to the systematic and purposeful use of
the senses (sight, hearing, and touch, smell) to gather information about the
community’s environment, health practices, social behaviours, and needs. It helps
nurses and health workers assess the community without relying solely on verbal
reports.
Purpose
1.To assess health status and living conditions of the community.
2.To identify health-related behaviors, practices, and risk factors.
3.To detect environmental hazards and sanitation issues.
4.To understand social, cultural, and economic factors affecting health.
5.To provide baseline data for planning community health programs.
6.To evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing health interventions.
Procedure of Observation in Community
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Define the objectives of observation.
Focuses observation on relevant aspects and
avoids unnecessary data collection.
Select the community or area to observe.
Ensures clarity about where and what to
observe.
Plan the observation method (participant or
non-participant).
Determines the level of involvement and
data accuracy.
Prepare an observation guide or checklist.
Provides systematic and structured
observation.
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Conduct the observation (directly observe
environment, behaviors, facilities, practices).
Ensures accurate, firsthand data collection.
Record findings systematically (notes, charts,
photographs if permitted).
Prevents loss of information and allows
analysis.
Analyze observations to identify community
needs, resources, and health problems.
Helps prioritize interventions based on
actual evidence.
Discuss findings with community leaders and
stakeholders.
Encourages participation and ensures
relevance of interventions.
Use findings to plan or improve community
health programs.
Ensures community health initiatives
address real needs.
Document and evaluate the observation process.
Provides reference for future assessments
and continuous improvement.
Nutritional assessment skills
Meaning
Nutritional assessment skills refer to the systematic evaluation of an individual’s dietary
intake, nutritional status, and related health factors using observation, interviews,
anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. These skills help nurses and healthcare
professionals identify nutritional deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances.
Conduct the observation (directly observe
environment, behaviors, facilities, practices).
Ensures accurate, firsthand data collection.
Record findings systematically (notes, charts,
photographs if permitted).
Prevents loss of information and allows
analysis.
Analyze observations to identify community
needs, resources, and health problems.
Helps prioritize interventions based on
actual evidence.
Discuss findings with community leaders and
stakeholders.
Encourages participation and ensures
relevance of interventions.
Use findings to plan or improve community
health programs.
Ensures community health initiatives
address real needs.
Document and evaluate the observation process.
Provides reference for future assessments
and continuous improvement.
Nutritional assessment skills
Meaning
Nutritional assessment skills refer to the systematic evaluation of an individual’s dietary
intake, nutritional status, and related health factors using observation, interviews,
anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. These skills help nurses and healthcare
professionals identify nutritional deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances.
Purpose
1.To determine nutritional status and identify malnutrition or obesity.
2.To detect nutrient deficiencies or excesses affecting health.
3.To plan individualized dietary interventions for health promotion or disease
management.
4.To monitor growth and development, especially in children and adolescents.
5.To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional programs or interventions.
6.To provide baseline data for clinical decision-making and health education.
Procedure of Nutritional Assessment
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Collect personal and demographic data (age, sex,
occupation, socioeconomic status).
Helps interpret nutritional needs and
risks accurately.
Assess dietary intake using 24-hour recall, food
frequency questionnaire, or diet history.
Provides information on quantity,
quality, and variety of food consumed.
Perform anthropometric measurements (height,
weight, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, skinfold
thickness).
Quantifies growth, body composition,
and identifies undernutrition or
overnutrition.
Examine physical signs of nutrient deficiency
(hair, skin, nails, oral cavity).
Detects clinical manifestations of
malnutrition or specific deficiencies.
Review medical history and current health status.
Identifies conditions that may affect
nutritional needs or absorption.
Collect relevant laboratory data (hemoglobin, Confirms nutritional deficiencies or
1.To determine nutritional status and identify malnutrition or obesity.
2.To detect nutrient deficiencies or excesses affecting health.
3.To plan individualized dietary interventions for health promotion or disease
management.
4.To monitor growth and development, especially in children and adolescents.
5.To evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional programs or interventions.
6.To provide baseline data for clinical decision-making and health education.
Procedure of Nutritional Assessment
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Collect personal and demographic data (age, sex,
occupation, socioeconomic status).
Helps interpret nutritional needs and
risks accurately.
Assess dietary intake using 24-hour recall, food
frequency questionnaire, or diet history.
Provides information on quantity,
quality, and variety of food consumed.
Perform anthropometric measurements (height,
weight, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, skinfold
thickness).
Quantifies growth, body composition,
and identifies undernutrition or
overnutrition.
Examine physical signs of nutrient deficiency
(hair, skin, nails, oral cavity).
Detects clinical manifestations of
malnutrition or specific deficiencies.
Review medical history and current health status.
Identifies conditions that may affect
nutritional needs or absorption.
Collect relevant laboratory data (hemoglobin, Confirms nutritional deficiencies or
Steps / Procedure Rationale
serum proteins, electrolytes, vitamin/mineral levels).imbalances.
Analyze and interpret data to classify nutritional
status (normal, undernutrition, overnutrition).
Guides planning of interventions and
follow-up.
Provide dietary counseling and plan interventions.
Helps improve nutritional intake and
promote health.
Document findings and recommendations.
Ensures continuity of care and
monitors progress over time.
Teaching individuals and families on nutrition-food hygiene and safety, healthy lifestyle and
healthy promotion
Meaning
This refers to the planned educational process where nurses or health professionals
provide guidance, information, and support to individuals and families to help them
adopt healthy eating habits, maintain food safety, follow a balanced lifestyle, and engage
in behaviors that promote overall health. It uses communication, teaching strategies, and
counseling to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Purpose
1.To improve nutritional knowledge and promote balanced diets.
2.To prevent foodborne illnesses through proper food hygiene and safety practices.
serum proteins, electrolytes, vitamin/mineral levels).imbalances.
Analyze and interpret data to classify nutritional
status (normal, undernutrition, overnutrition).
Guides planning of interventions and
follow-up.
Provide dietary counseling and plan interventions.
Helps improve nutritional intake and
promote health.
Document findings and recommendations.
Ensures continuity of care and
monitors progress over time.
Teaching individuals and families on nutrition-food hygiene and safety, healthy lifestyle and
healthy promotion
Meaning
This refers to the planned educational process where nurses or health professionals
provide guidance, information, and support to individuals and families to help them
adopt healthy eating habits, maintain food safety, follow a balanced lifestyle, and engage
in behaviors that promote overall health. It uses communication, teaching strategies, and
counseling to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Purpose
1.To improve nutritional knowledge and promote balanced diets.
2.To prevent foodborne illnesses through proper food hygiene and safety practices.
3.To encourage adoption of a healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity, stress
management, adequate sleep).
4.To promote health awareness and disease prevention.
5.To empower individuals and families to make informed health decisions.
6.To reduce risk factors for chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, obesity).
7.To strengthen family and community participation in maintaining health.
Procedure / Steps
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Assess the learning needs of
individuals/families (knowledge, beliefs,
practices).
Ensures teaching is relevant, personalized,
and effective.
Set clear objectives for teaching (e.g., proper
nutrition, hygiene practices).
Provides focus and measurable outcomes
for the session.
Prepare teaching materials and methods
(charts, pamphlets, demonstrations, videos).
Makes learning engaging, understandable,
and memorable.
Explain the importance of balanced diet and
nutrition.
Helps participants understand the role of
nutrients in growth, immunity, and disease
prevention.
management, adequate sleep).
4.To promote health awareness and disease prevention.
5.To empower individuals and families to make informed health decisions.
6.To reduce risk factors for chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, obesity).
7.To strengthen family and community participation in maintaining health.
Procedure / Steps
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Assess the learning needs of
individuals/families (knowledge, beliefs,
practices).
Ensures teaching is relevant, personalized,
and effective.
Set clear objectives for teaching (e.g., proper
nutrition, hygiene practices).
Provides focus and measurable outcomes
for the session.
Prepare teaching materials and methods
(charts, pamphlets, demonstrations, videos).
Makes learning engaging, understandable,
and memorable.
Explain the importance of balanced diet and
nutrition.
Helps participants understand the role of
nutrients in growth, immunity, and disease
prevention.
Steps / Procedure Rationale
Teach food hygiene and safety practices
(washing hands, proper storage, avoiding
contamination).
Prevents foodborne illnesses and promotes
safe consumption habits.
Educate on healthy lifestyle practices (exercise,
sleep, stress management, avoiding
smoking/alcohol).
Reduces risk of chronic diseases and
enhances overall well-being.
Demonstrate practical skills (meal planning,
portion control, safe food handling).
Encourages hands-on learning and
adoption of correct practices.
Use interactive methods (questions, discussions,
role-plays).
Enhances participation, clarifies doubts,
and reinforces learning.
Provide written handouts or reminders.
Reinforces knowledge and serves as a
reference for future use.
Evaluate understanding and adoption through
questions, return demonstrations, or follow-up.
Confirms learning outcomes and identifies
areas needing reinforcement.
Document teaching session and outcomes.
Ensures continuity of care and
accountability.
BCC (Behavior change communication) skills- procedure
Meaning of BCC Skills
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) is an interactive process of sharing information and
messages using appropriate communication methods to encourage individuals, families, and
communities to adopt and sustain positive health behaviors. It combines education,
motivation, and counseling techniques to influence behavior in a supportive and respectful
way.
Purpose of BCC Skills
To create awareness about health issues and available preventive measures.
To promote positive health behaviors and reduce risk practices.
To empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health.
Teach food hygiene and safety practices
(washing hands, proper storage, avoiding
contamination).
Prevents foodborne illnesses and promotes
safe consumption habits.
Educate on healthy lifestyle practices (exercise,
sleep, stress management, avoiding
smoking/alcohol).
Reduces risk of chronic diseases and
enhances overall well-being.
Demonstrate practical skills (meal planning,
portion control, safe food handling).
Encourages hands-on learning and
adoption of correct practices.
Use interactive methods (questions, discussions,
role-plays).
Enhances participation, clarifies doubts,
and reinforces learning.
Provide written handouts or reminders.
Reinforces knowledge and serves as a
reference for future use.
Evaluate understanding and adoption through
questions, return demonstrations, or follow-up.
Confirms learning outcomes and identifies
areas needing reinforcement.
Document teaching session and outcomes.
Ensures continuity of care and
accountability.
BCC (Behavior change communication) skills- procedure
Meaning of BCC Skills
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) is an interactive process of sharing information and
messages using appropriate communication methods to encourage individuals, families, and
communities to adopt and sustain positive health behaviors. It combines education,
motivation, and counseling techniques to influence behavior in a supportive and respectful
way.
Purpose of BCC Skills
To create awareness about health issues and available preventive measures.
To promote positive health behaviors and reduce risk practices.
To empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health.
To develop self-efficacy and motivation for behavior change.
To bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.
To support communities in sustaining healthier lifestyles.
Procedure (Steps in BCC Skills) Rationale
1. Assess the health needs, beliefs, and practices of
the target group.
Helps identify existing knowledge gaps,
cultural influences, and barriers to
behavior change.
2. Set clear, specific, and measurable objectives for
communication.
Provides direction and ensures the
intervention is focused and goal-
oriented.
3. Develop simple, relevant, and culturally
appropriate health messages.
Ensures messages are easily understood
and acceptable to the target audience.
4. Select suitable communication methods (e.g.,
individual counseling, group discussion, posters,
role play, audiovisual aids).
Choosing the right medium increases
reach, understanding, and acceptance of
messages.
5. Implement the communication session using
interactive methods.
Promotes two-way communication,
participation, and better retention of
information.
6. Motivate individuals by highlighting benefits of
positive behavior and addressing barriers.
Encourages self-confidence and
readiness to adopt healthier practices.
7. Provide reinforcement and repeat key messages.
Repetition strengthens learning and
supports sustained behavior change.
8. Obtain feedback and clarify doubts from
participants.
Ensures understanding, corrects
misconceptions, and builds trust.
9. Monitor and evaluate behavior changes over
time.
Measures effectiveness of the BCC
session and guides future improvements.
Health Assessment of Children under Five Years
Children under Five Years
Meaning
Health assessment for children under five is the systematic evaluation of growth,
development, and nutritional status to detect early deviations and promote optimal health.
Purpose
Monitor growth and development milestones.
Identify malnutrition, infections, or congenital anomalies.
To bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.
To support communities in sustaining healthier lifestyles.
Procedure (Steps in BCC Skills) Rationale
1. Assess the health needs, beliefs, and practices of
the target group.
Helps identify existing knowledge gaps,
cultural influences, and barriers to
behavior change.
2. Set clear, specific, and measurable objectives for
communication.
Provides direction and ensures the
intervention is focused and goal-
oriented.
3. Develop simple, relevant, and culturally
appropriate health messages.
Ensures messages are easily understood
and acceptable to the target audience.
4. Select suitable communication methods (e.g.,
individual counseling, group discussion, posters,
role play, audiovisual aids).
Choosing the right medium increases
reach, understanding, and acceptance of
messages.
5. Implement the communication session using
interactive methods.
Promotes two-way communication,
participation, and better retention of
information.
6. Motivate individuals by highlighting benefits of
positive behavior and addressing barriers.
Encourages self-confidence and
readiness to adopt healthier practices.
7. Provide reinforcement and repeat key messages.
Repetition strengthens learning and
supports sustained behavior change.
8. Obtain feedback and clarify doubts from
participants.
Ensures understanding, corrects
misconceptions, and builds trust.
9. Monitor and evaluate behavior changes over
time.
Measures effectiveness of the BCC
session and guides future improvements.
Health Assessment of Children under Five Years
Children under Five Years
Meaning
Health assessment for children under five is the systematic evaluation of growth,
development, and nutritional status to detect early deviations and promote optimal health.
Purpose
Monitor growth and development milestones.
Identify malnutrition, infections, or congenital anomalies.
Guide caregivers on feeding, hygiene, and immunization.
Prevent morbidity and mortality through early interventions.
Equipment Purpose
Infant weighing scaleMeasure weight accurately.
Measuring tape
Measure height/length, head circumference, and mid-arm
circumference.
WHO growth chartAssess growth patterns and detect deviations.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
Tongue depressorInspect oral cavity and throat.
Penlight Examine eyes, throat, and skin lesions.
Procedure Rationale
Collect health history (birth, feeding,
immunization).
Identifies baseline health status, risk factors,
and care practices.
Measure weight, height/length, head
circumference, mid-arm circumference.
Assesses growth, detects malnutrition and
developmental deviations.
Plot measurements on WHO growth chart.
Evaluates growth pattern and identifies
stunting, wasting, or overweight.
Conduct developmental assessment (motor,
social, language milestones).
Detects early developmental delays for timely
intervention.
Perform physical examination (skin, eyes, ears,
oral cavity, abdomen).
Identifies infections, deficiencies, or
congenital anomalies.
Assess dietary intake (24-hour recall, food
frequency).
Determines adequacy of nutrition and feeding
practices.
Check for signs of malnutrition (edema,
hair/skin changes).
Confirms clinical evidence of undernutrition
or micronutrient deficiencies.
Counsel caregivers on nutrition, hygiene, and
immunization.
Promotes healthy practices and prevents
disease.
Adolescents
Meaning
Health assessment in adolescents evaluates physical, mental, and nutritional status during the
transition from childhood to adulthood.
Prevent morbidity and mortality through early interventions.
Equipment Purpose
Infant weighing scaleMeasure weight accurately.
Measuring tape
Measure height/length, head circumference, and mid-arm
circumference.
WHO growth chartAssess growth patterns and detect deviations.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
Tongue depressorInspect oral cavity and throat.
Penlight Examine eyes, throat, and skin lesions.
Procedure Rationale
Collect health history (birth, feeding,
immunization).
Identifies baseline health status, risk factors,
and care practices.
Measure weight, height/length, head
circumference, mid-arm circumference.
Assesses growth, detects malnutrition and
developmental deviations.
Plot measurements on WHO growth chart.
Evaluates growth pattern and identifies
stunting, wasting, or overweight.
Conduct developmental assessment (motor,
social, language milestones).
Detects early developmental delays for timely
intervention.
Perform physical examination (skin, eyes, ears,
oral cavity, abdomen).
Identifies infections, deficiencies, or
congenital anomalies.
Assess dietary intake (24-hour recall, food
frequency).
Determines adequacy of nutrition and feeding
practices.
Check for signs of malnutrition (edema,
hair/skin changes).
Confirms clinical evidence of undernutrition
or micronutrient deficiencies.
Counsel caregivers on nutrition, hygiene, and
immunization.
Promotes healthy practices and prevents
disease.
Adolescents
Meaning
Health assessment in adolescents evaluates physical, mental, and nutritional status during the
transition from childhood to adulthood.
Purpose
Detect nutritional deficiencies (anemia, obesity, underweight).
Monitor growth spurt and sexual maturation.
Promote healthy lifestyle habits.
Identify risk behaviors (substance use, unsafe sexual practices).
Procedure
1.Collect health and family history (menstrual history for girls, lifestyle habits).
2.Measure height, weight, and calculate BMI.
3.Assess dietary intake and habits (junk food, iron/calcium intake).
4.Screen for anemia (look for pallor, fatigue).
5.Evaluate mental health and psychosocial well-being.
6.Assess secondary sexual characteristics (Tanner staging).
7.Conduct physical examination (skin, thyroid, cardiovascular).
8.Provide health education on diet, exercise, hygiene, and safe practices.
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale Measure body weight accurately.
Measuring tape Measure height and waist/hip circumference.
BMI chart Assess nutritional status and growth trends.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung functions.
Blood pressure apparatusMonitor cardiovascular health.
Hemoglobin testing kitScreen for anemia.
Tanner staging chartAssess sexual maturation.
Thermometer Check for fever or illness.
Procedure Rationale
Collect health and family history (menstrual,
lifestyle, risk behaviors).
Identifies hereditary conditions, menstrual
irregularities, or unhealthy habits.
Measure height, weight, and BMI; compare
with age charts.
Monitors growth spurt, identifies underweight
or overweight.
Assess dietary intake and habits
(iron/calcium intake, junk food).
Detects nutritional deficiencies or excesses.
Screen for anemia (pallor, fatigue, nail
changes).
Early detection of iron deficiency anemia.
Evaluate mental health and psychosocial
well-being.
Identifies stress, depression, or risk behaviors.
Detect nutritional deficiencies (anemia, obesity, underweight).
Monitor growth spurt and sexual maturation.
Promote healthy lifestyle habits.
Identify risk behaviors (substance use, unsafe sexual practices).
Procedure
1.Collect health and family history (menstrual history for girls, lifestyle habits).
2.Measure height, weight, and calculate BMI.
3.Assess dietary intake and habits (junk food, iron/calcium intake).
4.Screen for anemia (look for pallor, fatigue).
5.Evaluate mental health and psychosocial well-being.
6.Assess secondary sexual characteristics (Tanner staging).
7.Conduct physical examination (skin, thyroid, cardiovascular).
8.Provide health education on diet, exercise, hygiene, and safe practices.
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale Measure body weight accurately.
Measuring tape Measure height and waist/hip circumference.
BMI chart Assess nutritional status and growth trends.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung functions.
Blood pressure apparatusMonitor cardiovascular health.
Hemoglobin testing kitScreen for anemia.
Tanner staging chartAssess sexual maturation.
Thermometer Check for fever or illness.
Procedure Rationale
Collect health and family history (menstrual,
lifestyle, risk behaviors).
Identifies hereditary conditions, menstrual
irregularities, or unhealthy habits.
Measure height, weight, and BMI; compare
with age charts.
Monitors growth spurt, identifies underweight
or overweight.
Assess dietary intake and habits
(iron/calcium intake, junk food).
Detects nutritional deficiencies or excesses.
Screen for anemia (pallor, fatigue, nail
changes).
Early detection of iron deficiency anemia.
Evaluate mental health and psychosocial
well-being.
Identifies stress, depression, or risk behaviors.
Procedure Rationale
Assess secondary sexual characteristics
(Tanner staging).
Monitors normal pubertal development.
Perform physical examination (skin, thyroid,
cardiovascular system).
Detects common adolescent health problems.
Provide health education on diet, exercise,
hygiene, and safe practices.
Encourages healthy lifestyle and prevents risky
behaviors.
Women
Meaning
Health assessment in women is a systematic evaluation of general, reproductive, and
nutritional health to detect deficiencies and risk factors for disease.
Purpose
Assess nutritional status and prevent anemia.
Identify reproductive and gynecological health issues.
Detect risk factors for chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis).
Promote maternal and child health and educate on lifestyle modifications.
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale Measure body weight.
Measuring tape Measure height, waist, and hip circumference.
BMI calculator/chart Assess nutritional status.
Blood pressure apparatusMonitor cardiovascular health.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lungs.
Thermometer Detect fever or illness.
Hemoglobin testing kitDetect anemia.
Speculum & gloves Perform pelvic examination.
Tongue depressor & penlightInspect oral cavity and general examination.
Assess secondary sexual characteristics
(Tanner staging).
Monitors normal pubertal development.
Perform physical examination (skin, thyroid,
cardiovascular system).
Detects common adolescent health problems.
Provide health education on diet, exercise,
hygiene, and safe practices.
Encourages healthy lifestyle and prevents risky
behaviors.
Women
Meaning
Health assessment in women is a systematic evaluation of general, reproductive, and
nutritional health to detect deficiencies and risk factors for disease.
Purpose
Assess nutritional status and prevent anemia.
Identify reproductive and gynecological health issues.
Detect risk factors for chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis).
Promote maternal and child health and educate on lifestyle modifications.
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale Measure body weight.
Measuring tape Measure height, waist, and hip circumference.
BMI calculator/chart Assess nutritional status.
Blood pressure apparatusMonitor cardiovascular health.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lungs.
Thermometer Detect fever or illness.
Hemoglobin testing kitDetect anemia.
Speculum & gloves Perform pelvic examination.
Tongue depressor & penlightInspect oral cavity and general examination.
Procedure Rationale
Obtain personal and reproductive history (menstrual
cycle, pregnancies, contraceptive use).
Identifies gynecological issues and
reproductive health needs.
Assess dietary intake and habits.
Detects inadequate nutrition
contributing to anemia or chronic
disease.
Measure weight, height, BMI, waist-hip ratio.
Assesses nutritional status and obesity-
related risks.
Screen for anemia (clinical signs, hemoglobin if
available).
Detects iron-deficiency anemia early.
Check for signs of nutritional deficiencies (hair loss,
pale conjunctiva, brittle nails).
Identifies micronutrient deficiencies
early.
Conduct physical examination (blood pressure,
thyroid, breast and pelvic exam if indicated).
Detects chronic disease risk and
reproductive health issues.
Assess risk factors for osteoporosis (calcium intake,
physical activity, menopause status).
Prevents long-term complications like
fractures.
Provide counseling on nutrition, family planning,
reproductive health, and lifestyle modification.
Improves overall health and reduces
maternal and child health risks.
Investigating an Epidemic – Community
Health Survey
Meaning
A community health survey for investigating an epidemic is a systematic method of
collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about the occurrence, distribution, and
determinants of a disease in a defined population. It helps identify the source, mode of
transmission, and extent of the epidemic to implement effective control measures.
Purpose
To identify the cause, source, and risk factors of the epidemic.
To determine the magnitude and distribution of disease in the community.
To implement preventive and control measures promptly.
To provide baseline data for future monitoring and research.
To educate the community about prevention and health promotion.
Equipment Purpose
Survey forms/questionnaires
Collect data on symptoms, exposure,
demographics.
Clipboards/pens Facilitate accurate field data collection.
Thermometer Measure body temperature of suspected
Obtain personal and reproductive history (menstrual
cycle, pregnancies, contraceptive use).
Identifies gynecological issues and
reproductive health needs.
Assess dietary intake and habits.
Detects inadequate nutrition
contributing to anemia or chronic
disease.
Measure weight, height, BMI, waist-hip ratio.
Assesses nutritional status and obesity-
related risks.
Screen for anemia (clinical signs, hemoglobin if
available).
Detects iron-deficiency anemia early.
Check for signs of nutritional deficiencies (hair loss,
pale conjunctiva, brittle nails).
Identifies micronutrient deficiencies
early.
Conduct physical examination (blood pressure,
thyroid, breast and pelvic exam if indicated).
Detects chronic disease risk and
reproductive health issues.
Assess risk factors for osteoporosis (calcium intake,
physical activity, menopause status).
Prevents long-term complications like
fractures.
Provide counseling on nutrition, family planning,
reproductive health, and lifestyle modification.
Improves overall health and reduces
maternal and child health risks.
Investigating an Epidemic – Community
Health Survey
Meaning
A community health survey for investigating an epidemic is a systematic method of
collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about the occurrence, distribution, and
determinants of a disease in a defined population. It helps identify the source, mode of
transmission, and extent of the epidemic to implement effective control measures.
Purpose
To identify the cause, source, and risk factors of the epidemic.
To determine the magnitude and distribution of disease in the community.
To implement preventive and control measures promptly.
To provide baseline data for future monitoring and research.
To educate the community about prevention and health promotion.
Equipment Purpose
Survey forms/questionnaires
Collect data on symptoms, exposure,
demographics.
Clipboards/pens Facilitate accurate field data collection.
Thermometer Measure body temperature of suspected
Equipment Purpose
cases.
Stethoscope
Conduct basic physical examination if
needed.
Weighing scale / height scale Monitor nutritional status if relevant.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons) Protect health workers from infection.
Rapid diagnostic kits / sample collection kits
Confirm cases and identify causative
agents.
Mobile phone / GPS
Track cases and locations, maintain
records digitally.
Procedure Rationale
Define the epidemic (identify disease and
population at risk).
Provides focus and scope for the
investigation.
Establish a case definition (suspected, probable,
confirmed).
Ensures consistency in identifying and
counting cases.
Collect data through community survey
(interviews, questionnaires, observation).
Gathers detailed information on
symptoms, exposures, and risk factors.
Conduct field investigation (visiting households,
observing environmental conditions).
Identifies source of infection and
transmission patterns.
Perform laboratory testing if needed (blood, stool,
swabs).
Confirms diagnosis and identifies
causative agent.
Analyze data (calculate attack rates, epidemic
curves, demographic distribution).
Determines magnitude, trends, and high-
risk groups.
Implement control measures (isolation, vaccination,
sanitation, public awareness).
Prevents further spread of the epidemic.
Monitor and follow-up (track new cases, evaluate
effectiveness of interventions).
Assesses impact of measures and guides
future prevention.
Hemoglobin Test
Meaning
A hemoglobin test measures the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, which reflects the
oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Purpose
To detect anemia or polycythemia.
To monitor nutritional status (iron deficiency).
To evaluate overall health and oxygen delivery in the body.
To guide treatment decisions for blood disorders.
Equipment Purpose
Lancet / needle
Obtain capillary or venous blood
sample.
Hemoglobinometer / Sahli’s apparatus / automated
analyzer
Measure hemoglobin concentration.
cases.
Stethoscope
Conduct basic physical examination if
needed.
Weighing scale / height scale Monitor nutritional status if relevant.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons) Protect health workers from infection.
Rapid diagnostic kits / sample collection kits
Confirm cases and identify causative
agents.
Mobile phone / GPS
Track cases and locations, maintain
records digitally.
Procedure Rationale
Define the epidemic (identify disease and
population at risk).
Provides focus and scope for the
investigation.
Establish a case definition (suspected, probable,
confirmed).
Ensures consistency in identifying and
counting cases.
Collect data through community survey
(interviews, questionnaires, observation).
Gathers detailed information on
symptoms, exposures, and risk factors.
Conduct field investigation (visiting households,
observing environmental conditions).
Identifies source of infection and
transmission patterns.
Perform laboratory testing if needed (blood, stool,
swabs).
Confirms diagnosis and identifies
causative agent.
Analyze data (calculate attack rates, epidemic
curves, demographic distribution).
Determines magnitude, trends, and high-
risk groups.
Implement control measures (isolation, vaccination,
sanitation, public awareness).
Prevents further spread of the epidemic.
Monitor and follow-up (track new cases, evaluate
effectiveness of interventions).
Assesses impact of measures and guides
future prevention.
Hemoglobin Test
Meaning
A hemoglobin test measures the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, which reflects the
oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Purpose
To detect anemia or polycythemia.
To monitor nutritional status (iron deficiency).
To evaluate overall health and oxygen delivery in the body.
To guide treatment decisions for blood disorders.
Equipment Purpose
Lancet / needle
Obtain capillary or venous blood
sample.
Hemoglobinometer / Sahli’s apparatus / automated
analyzer
Measure hemoglobin concentration.
Equipment Purpose
Microcuvette / pipette Transfer exact amount of blood.
Gloves
Protect the healthcare worker from
exposure.
Alcohol swab Disinfect site before sample collection.
Cotton / gauze Stop bleeding after sample collection.
Procedure Rationale
Explain the procedure to the patient and obtain
consent.
Ensures cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Clean the puncture site with alcohol.Prevents contamination and infection.
Prick finger or obtain venous blood. Collects sample for testing.
Place blood in hemoglobinometer / analyzer.Measures hemoglobin accurately.
Read and record hemoglobin value.
Determines presence of anemia or
abnormality.
Dispose of sharps and clean site. Ensures safety and infection control.
Blood Sugar Test (Fasting / Random Blood
Glucose)
Meaning
A blood sugar test measures the concentration of glucose in the blood to assess carbohydrate
metabolism.
Purpose
To diagnose diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia.
To monitor blood sugar control in diabetic patients.
To guide dietary and therapeutic interventions.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
GlucometerMeasures blood glucose concentration.
Lancet / needleObtain capillary blood sample.
Test stripsUsed in glucometer to detect glucose.
Alcohol swabDisinfect site before sampling.
Cotton / gauzeStop bleeding after sampling.
Gloves Protect healthcare worker from blood exposure.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Microcuvette / pipette Transfer exact amount of blood.
Gloves
Protect the healthcare worker from
exposure.
Alcohol swab Disinfect site before sample collection.
Cotton / gauze Stop bleeding after sample collection.
Procedure Rationale
Explain the procedure to the patient and obtain
consent.
Ensures cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Clean the puncture site with alcohol.Prevents contamination and infection.
Prick finger or obtain venous blood. Collects sample for testing.
Place blood in hemoglobinometer / analyzer.Measures hemoglobin accurately.
Read and record hemoglobin value.
Determines presence of anemia or
abnormality.
Dispose of sharps and clean site. Ensures safety and infection control.
Blood Sugar Test (Fasting / Random Blood
Glucose)
Meaning
A blood sugar test measures the concentration of glucose in the blood to assess carbohydrate
metabolism.
Purpose
To diagnose diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia.
To monitor blood sugar control in diabetic patients.
To guide dietary and therapeutic interventions.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
GlucometerMeasures blood glucose concentration.
Lancet / needleObtain capillary blood sample.
Test stripsUsed in glucometer to detect glucose.
Alcohol swabDisinfect site before sampling.
Cotton / gauzeStop bleeding after sampling.
Gloves Protect healthcare worker from blood exposure.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Explain the procedure to the patient.Ensures patient cooperation and comfort.
Clean fingertip with alcohol swab.Prevents contamination and infection.
Prick fingertip with lancet. Obtains capillary blood for testing.
Place drop of blood on test strip in
glucometer.
Measures blood glucose accurately.
Read and record the result.
Determines blood sugar level and need for
intervention.
Dispose of lancet and test strip safely.Maintains safety and hygiene.
3. Blood Smear for Malaria
Meaning
A blood smear test examines a drop of blood under a microscope to detect malaria parasites.
Purpose
To diagnose malaria and determine parasite type.
To assess parasite load and severity.
To guide appropriate antimalarial treatment.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Microscope slidesPrepare thin and thick blood smears.
Lancet / needle Obtain capillary blood.
Microscope Detect malaria parasites in blood.
Giemsa stain / reagentsStain the blood smear for visualization.
Gloves Protect healthcare worker from infection.
Alcohol swab Disinfect site before sampling.
Cotton / gauze Stop bleeding after sampling.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Explain the procedure to the patient.Ensures cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Clean fingertip with alcohol swab.Prevents infection.
Prick finger with lancet and collect
blood.
Obtains sample for smear preparation.
Prepare thin and thick blood smears on
slides.
Thin smear identifies species; thick smear detects
parasites.
Air-dry and stain slides with Giemsa.Stains parasites for microscopic visualization.
Examine under microscope for
parasites.
Confirms diagnosis and parasite type.
Explain the procedure to the patient.Ensures patient cooperation and comfort.
Clean fingertip with alcohol swab.Prevents contamination and infection.
Prick fingertip with lancet. Obtains capillary blood for testing.
Place drop of blood on test strip in
glucometer.
Measures blood glucose accurately.
Read and record the result.
Determines blood sugar level and need for
intervention.
Dispose of lancet and test strip safely.Maintains safety and hygiene.
3. Blood Smear for Malaria
Meaning
A blood smear test examines a drop of blood under a microscope to detect malaria parasites.
Purpose
To diagnose malaria and determine parasite type.
To assess parasite load and severity.
To guide appropriate antimalarial treatment.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Microscope slidesPrepare thin and thick blood smears.
Lancet / needle Obtain capillary blood.
Microscope Detect malaria parasites in blood.
Giemsa stain / reagentsStain the blood smear for visualization.
Gloves Protect healthcare worker from infection.
Alcohol swab Disinfect site before sampling.
Cotton / gauze Stop bleeding after sampling.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Explain the procedure to the patient.Ensures cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Clean fingertip with alcohol swab.Prevents infection.
Prick finger with lancet and collect
blood.
Obtains sample for smear preparation.
Prepare thin and thick blood smears on
slides.
Thin smear identifies species; thick smear detects
parasites.
Air-dry and stain slides with Giemsa.Stains parasites for microscopic visualization.
Examine under microscope for
parasites.
Confirms diagnosis and parasite type.
Procedure Rationale
Dispose of sharps and clean site.Ensures safety and hygiene.
Screening, Diagnosis, Primary Management
& Referral – Community Health
Meaning
Screening and diagnosis in the community involve systematic identification of individuals at
risk or with early signs of disease (both communicable and non-communicable), followed by
basic management and referral of high-risk clients to appropriate healthcare facilities. It helps
prevent disease progression, reduce complications, and improve public health outcomes.
Purpose
To detect common health problems early in the community.
To provide immediate primary care for minor conditions.
To identify high-risk clients for timely referral.
To prevent complications of communicable diseases and NCDs.
To promote health awareness and education in the population.
To monitor disease trends for community health planning.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale
Measure body weight for nutritional assessment and
obesity screening.
Measuring tape
Measure height, waist, and hip circumference for
BMI and central obesity.
Blood pressure apparatus
(sphygmomanometer)
Detect hypertension and cardiovascular risk.
Glucometer & test strips Screen for diabetes mellitus.
Thermometer Detect fever for communicable diseases.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Rapid diagnostic kits (e.g., malaria,
dengue)
Detect common communicable infections.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons)
Protect healthcare workers during community
contact.
Basic first aid kit Provide immediate primary care.
Referral forms / register Document and refer high-risk clients.
Dispose of sharps and clean site.Ensures safety and hygiene.
Screening, Diagnosis, Primary Management
& Referral – Community Health
Meaning
Screening and diagnosis in the community involve systematic identification of individuals at
risk or with early signs of disease (both communicable and non-communicable), followed by
basic management and referral of high-risk clients to appropriate healthcare facilities. It helps
prevent disease progression, reduce complications, and improve public health outcomes.
Purpose
To detect common health problems early in the community.
To provide immediate primary care for minor conditions.
To identify high-risk clients for timely referral.
To prevent complications of communicable diseases and NCDs.
To promote health awareness and education in the population.
To monitor disease trends for community health planning.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale
Measure body weight for nutritional assessment and
obesity screening.
Measuring tape
Measure height, waist, and hip circumference for
BMI and central obesity.
Blood pressure apparatus
(sphygmomanometer)
Detect hypertension and cardiovascular risk.
Glucometer & test strips Screen for diabetes mellitus.
Thermometer Detect fever for communicable diseases.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Rapid diagnostic kits (e.g., malaria,
dengue)
Detect common communicable infections.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons)
Protect healthcare workers during community
contact.
Basic first aid kit Provide immediate primary care.
Referral forms / register Document and refer high-risk clients.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify target population in the community
(children, adults, elderly).
Focuses resources and ensures high-risk
groups are screened.
Collect health history (personal, family, lifestyle,
exposure).
Identifies risk factors and early
symptoms.
Measure vital signs (temperature, blood pressure,
pulse, respiratory rate).
Detects abnormalities suggestive of
communicable or NCD conditions.
Perform basic physical examination (heart, lungs,
abdomen, skin, lymph nodes).
Detects clinical signs of disease.
Screen for common NCDs (blood sugar, BMI,
waist-hip ratio, blood pressure).
Early detection prevents complications
of diabetes, hypertension, obesity.
Screen for communicable diseases (fever, cough,
rash; use rapid diagnostic kits if needed).
Detects infectious diseases early to
prevent spread.
Provide primary management (counseling,
hydration, wound care, nutrition advice, lifestyle
modification).
Manages minor illnesses and promotes
self-care.
Identify high-risk clients (severe symptoms,
abnormal labs, complications).
Ensures patients needing advanced care
are recognized.
Refer high-risk clients to appropriate health
facilities.
Ensures timely and appropriate
treatment, preventing progression.
Document findings in community register and
follow up.
Maintains record for monitoring,
continuity of care, and public health
planning.
Documentation Skills
Meaning
Documentation skills involve the systematic recording of patient-related information,
including assessments, interventions, observations, and outcomes, in a clear, accurate, and
timely manner. Proper documentation ensures continuity of care, legal protection, and
communication among healthcare providers.
Purpose
To provide a permanent record of patient care and progress.
To communicate patient information among healthcare team members.
To ensure legal protection and accountability for care provided.
To facilitate clinical decision-making and care planning.
To support research, audits, and quality improvement initiatives.
To monitor outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
Procedure Rationale
Identify target population in the community
(children, adults, elderly).
Focuses resources and ensures high-risk
groups are screened.
Collect health history (personal, family, lifestyle,
exposure).
Identifies risk factors and early
symptoms.
Measure vital signs (temperature, blood pressure,
pulse, respiratory rate).
Detects abnormalities suggestive of
communicable or NCD conditions.
Perform basic physical examination (heart, lungs,
abdomen, skin, lymph nodes).
Detects clinical signs of disease.
Screen for common NCDs (blood sugar, BMI,
waist-hip ratio, blood pressure).
Early detection prevents complications
of diabetes, hypertension, obesity.
Screen for communicable diseases (fever, cough,
rash; use rapid diagnostic kits if needed).
Detects infectious diseases early to
prevent spread.
Provide primary management (counseling,
hydration, wound care, nutrition advice, lifestyle
modification).
Manages minor illnesses and promotes
self-care.
Identify high-risk clients (severe symptoms,
abnormal labs, complications).
Ensures patients needing advanced care
are recognized.
Refer high-risk clients to appropriate health
facilities.
Ensures timely and appropriate
treatment, preventing progression.
Document findings in community register and
follow up.
Maintains record for monitoring,
continuity of care, and public health
planning.
Documentation Skills
Meaning
Documentation skills involve the systematic recording of patient-related information,
including assessments, interventions, observations, and outcomes, in a clear, accurate, and
timely manner. Proper documentation ensures continuity of care, legal protection, and
communication among healthcare providers.
Purpose
To provide a permanent record of patient care and progress.
To communicate patient information among healthcare team members.
To ensure legal protection and accountability for care provided.
To facilitate clinical decision-making and care planning.
To support research, audits, and quality improvement initiatives.
To monitor outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Patient charts / medical recordsRecord all patient information systematically.
Pens / pencils / markers Document observations, interventions, and outcomes.
Computer / electronic health record
(EHR) system
Digital documentation, storage, and retrieval of patient
data.
Reference guidelines / protocols
Ensure documentation follows standards and
protocols.
Printer / scanner Print or archive patient documents.
Gloves (for paper handling in clinical
areas)
Maintain infection control when handling records.
Checklists / forms
Standardize documentation for assessments,
procedures, and medications.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Gather complete patient information
(demographics, history, assessments).
Ensures accurate and comprehensive
documentation.
Record observations promptly after assessments
or interventions.
Reduces errors and maintains accuracy.
Use standard terminology and abbreviations
approved by the institution.
Ensures clarity and uniformity among
healthcare providers.
Document interventions and patient responses.
Tracks care provided and monitors
outcomes.
Maintain chronological order in recording.
Facilitates continuity of care and legal
accountability.
Ensure legibility and correctness in written
records.
Prevents misinterpretation and ensures
professional standards.
Update electronic health records if available.
Enables quick access for team members
and supports audits.
Secure and store records properly.
Protects confidentiality and allows future
reference.
Review documentation regularly for
completeness and accuracy.
Ensures high-quality care and adherence
to protocols.
Home Visit
Equipment Purpose
Patient charts / medical recordsRecord all patient information systematically.
Pens / pencils / markers Document observations, interventions, and outcomes.
Computer / electronic health record
(EHR) system
Digital documentation, storage, and retrieval of patient
data.
Reference guidelines / protocols
Ensure documentation follows standards and
protocols.
Printer / scanner Print or archive patient documents.
Gloves (for paper handling in clinical
areas)
Maintain infection control when handling records.
Checklists / forms
Standardize documentation for assessments,
procedures, and medications.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Gather complete patient information
(demographics, history, assessments).
Ensures accurate and comprehensive
documentation.
Record observations promptly after assessments
or interventions.
Reduces errors and maintains accuracy.
Use standard terminology and abbreviations
approved by the institution.
Ensures clarity and uniformity among
healthcare providers.
Document interventions and patient responses.
Tracks care provided and monitors
outcomes.
Maintain chronological order in recording.
Facilitates continuity of care and legal
accountability.
Ensure legibility and correctness in written
records.
Prevents misinterpretation and ensures
professional standards.
Update electronic health records if available.
Enables quick access for team members
and supports audits.
Secure and store records properly.
Protects confidentiality and allows future
reference.
Review documentation regularly for
completeness and accuracy.
Ensures high-quality care and adherence
to protocols.
Home Visit
Meaning
A home visit is a planned visit by a healthcare professional to a patient’s home to assess their
health status, provide care, offer health education, and support disease prevention or
rehabilitation in the natural living environment.
Purpose
To assess the health status of individuals and families in their home environment.
To identify risk factors and health needs in the community.
To provide health education, counseling, and preventive care.
To monitor compliance with treatment and follow-up care.
To promote continuity of care outside the hospital setting.
To support rehabilitation and encourage self-care practices.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Patient health records / referral formsReference patient history and plan care.
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
Blood pressure apparatus
(sphygmomanometer)
Monitor blood pressure.
Weighing scale Assess nutritional status or weight changes.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Glucometer & test strips Measure blood sugar if required.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care for minor injuries or
emergencies.
PPE (gloves, masks, apron) Protect healthcare worker and prevent infection.
Educational materials (charts, pamphlets)Provide health education and awareness.
Notebook / pen / tablet
Record observations, interventions, and follow-
up plans.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the visit (review patient history, objectives, and
schedule).
Ensures organized and focused care.
Introduce yourself and explain purpose to the
patient/family.
Builds trust and cooperation.
Observe the living environment (hygiene, sanitation,
safety).
Identifies environmental risk factors
affecting health.
Assess health status (vitals, symptoms, physical
examination).
Detects current health problems and
monitors progress.
A home visit is a planned visit by a healthcare professional to a patient’s home to assess their
health status, provide care, offer health education, and support disease prevention or
rehabilitation in the natural living environment.
Purpose
To assess the health status of individuals and families in their home environment.
To identify risk factors and health needs in the community.
To provide health education, counseling, and preventive care.
To monitor compliance with treatment and follow-up care.
To promote continuity of care outside the hospital setting.
To support rehabilitation and encourage self-care practices.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Patient health records / referral formsReference patient history and plan care.
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
Blood pressure apparatus
(sphygmomanometer)
Monitor blood pressure.
Weighing scale Assess nutritional status or weight changes.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Glucometer & test strips Measure blood sugar if required.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care for minor injuries or
emergencies.
PPE (gloves, masks, apron) Protect healthcare worker and prevent infection.
Educational materials (charts, pamphlets)Provide health education and awareness.
Notebook / pen / tablet
Record observations, interventions, and follow-
up plans.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the visit (review patient history, objectives, and
schedule).
Ensures organized and focused care.
Introduce yourself and explain purpose to the
patient/family.
Builds trust and cooperation.
Observe the living environment (hygiene, sanitation,
safety).
Identifies environmental risk factors
affecting health.
Assess health status (vitals, symptoms, physical
examination).
Detects current health problems and
monitors progress.
Procedure Rationale
Evaluate nutritional status (weight, diet habits).
Identifies malnutrition or dietary
issues.
Provide health education and counseling
(prevention, medication adherence, hygiene).
Promotes health awareness and self-
care.
Administer basic care if needed (first aid, medication
guidance).
Manages minor health problems
immediately.
Document findings and interventions in notebook or
patient record.
Ensures continuity of care and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk clients for referral to health facility.
Ensures timely treatment and
prevents complications.
Schedule follow-up visit as required.
Monitors patient progress and
reinforces care plans.
Meaning
Participation in national health programs refers to the active involvement of healthcare
professionals, especially nurses, in government-initiated health schemes aimed at preventing,
controlling, and managing specific diseases or health issues at the community or national
level.
Purpose
To implement preventive and promotive health measures in the community.
To increase public awareness about common health problems and their prevention.
To support early detection and treatment of diseases.
To monitor and evaluate health program effectiveness.
To strengthen public health infrastructure through active workforce participation.
To reduce morbidity and mortality from communicable and non-communicable
diseases.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Health education materials (charts,
pamphlets, audiovisual aids)
Educate the community about program objectives
and preventive measures.
Vaccines and cold chain equipment
Administer immunizations and maintain vaccine
potency.
Gloves, masks, PPE Protect healthcare workers and prevent infection.
Weighing scale, measuring tape
Monitor growth and nutritional status in maternal
and child health programs.
Thermometer, stethoscope, BP apparatusAssess vital signs during screenings.
Evaluate nutritional status (weight, diet habits).
Identifies malnutrition or dietary
issues.
Provide health education and counseling
(prevention, medication adherence, hygiene).
Promotes health awareness and self-
care.
Administer basic care if needed (first aid, medication
guidance).
Manages minor health problems
immediately.
Document findings and interventions in notebook or
patient record.
Ensures continuity of care and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk clients for referral to health facility.
Ensures timely treatment and
prevents complications.
Schedule follow-up visit as required.
Monitors patient progress and
reinforces care plans.
Meaning
Participation in national health programs refers to the active involvement of healthcare
professionals, especially nurses, in government-initiated health schemes aimed at preventing,
controlling, and managing specific diseases or health issues at the community or national
level.
Purpose
To implement preventive and promotive health measures in the community.
To increase public awareness about common health problems and their prevention.
To support early detection and treatment of diseases.
To monitor and evaluate health program effectiveness.
To strengthen public health infrastructure through active workforce participation.
To reduce morbidity and mortality from communicable and non-communicable
diseases.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Health education materials (charts,
pamphlets, audiovisual aids)
Educate the community about program objectives
and preventive measures.
Vaccines and cold chain equipment
Administer immunizations and maintain vaccine
potency.
Gloves, masks, PPE Protect healthcare workers and prevent infection.
Weighing scale, measuring tape
Monitor growth and nutritional status in maternal
and child health programs.
Thermometer, stethoscope, BP apparatusAssess vital signs during screenings.
Equipment Purpose
Screening kits (blood sugar, hemoglobin,
malaria, TB)
Early detection of target diseases.
Registration forms / registers
Record beneficiaries and monitor program
coverage.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care during field activities or
camps.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify target population for the health program.
Ensures appropriate coverage of the
intended group.
Plan and schedule program activities
(immunization, screening, health education).
Organizes resources and ensures
effective implementation.
Conduct community awareness and education
sessions.
Increases knowledge and promotes
participation in the program.
Screen or assess beneficiaries using appropriate
tools (BP, blood sugar, hemoglobin, etc.).
Detects health problems early for timely
intervention.
Administer preventive interventions (vaccines,
supplements, hygiene promotion).
Reduces risk of disease and promotes
health.
Document findings and interventions in registers
or digital records.
Maintains accountability and monitors
program outcomes.
Refer high-risk or complicated cases to health
facilities.
Ensures proper treatment and prevents
complications.
Monitor and follow-up beneficiaries regularly.
Evaluates effectiveness and ensures
continuity of care.
Report program outcomes to supervising
authorities.
Supports evaluation, planning, and
improvement of the program.
articipation in School Health Programs
Meaning
Participation in school health programs involves the active engagement of healthcare
professionals in promoting, maintaining, and monitoring the health of school-aged children
through preventive, promotive, and curative measures within the school environment.
Screening kits (blood sugar, hemoglobin,
malaria, TB)
Early detection of target diseases.
Registration forms / registers
Record beneficiaries and monitor program
coverage.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care during field activities or
camps.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify target population for the health program.
Ensures appropriate coverage of the
intended group.
Plan and schedule program activities
(immunization, screening, health education).
Organizes resources and ensures
effective implementation.
Conduct community awareness and education
sessions.
Increases knowledge and promotes
participation in the program.
Screen or assess beneficiaries using appropriate
tools (BP, blood sugar, hemoglobin, etc.).
Detects health problems early for timely
intervention.
Administer preventive interventions (vaccines,
supplements, hygiene promotion).
Reduces risk of disease and promotes
health.
Document findings and interventions in registers
or digital records.
Maintains accountability and monitors
program outcomes.
Refer high-risk or complicated cases to health
facilities.
Ensures proper treatment and prevents
complications.
Monitor and follow-up beneficiaries regularly.
Evaluates effectiveness and ensures
continuity of care.
Report program outcomes to supervising
authorities.
Supports evaluation, planning, and
improvement of the program.
articipation in School Health Programs
Meaning
Participation in school health programs involves the active engagement of healthcare
professionals in promoting, maintaining, and monitoring the health of school-aged children
through preventive, promotive, and curative measures within the school environment.
Purpose
To promote physical, mental, and social well-being of students.
To detect health problems early (vision, hearing, nutritional deficiencies,
communicable diseases).
To implement preventive interventions (immunization, hygiene promotion,
deworming).
To educate children, teachers, and parents on healthy practices.
To monitor growth and development of students.
To reduce absenteeism caused by preventable diseases.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale
Measure students’ weight for growth and
nutritional assessment.
Measuring tape / stadiometer Measure height and assess growth.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
BP apparatus
Screen for hypertension in older
children/adolescents.
Vision chart / Snellen chart Detect visual impairment.
Hearing screening kits Identify hearing problems early.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons)
Protect healthcare workers and students from
infection.
First aid kit Provide immediate care for minor injuries.
Health education materials (charts,
posters, pamphlets)
Promote hygiene, nutrition, and healthy lifestyle
awareness.
Screening forms / registers Document assessments and follow-up needs.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the program (select target age group,
schedule, and activities).
Ensures organized implementation and
efficient use of resources.
Obtain consent from school authorities and
parents.
Ensures ethical practice and
cooperation.
Collect health history of students (past illnesses,
allergies, medications).
Provides baseline information and
identifies risk factors.
Perform physical assessment (weight, height, vital
signs, general examination).
Detects growth deviations, malnutrition,
or health problems.
Conduct specific screenings (vision, hearing,
dental, anemia, BP, blood sugar if indicated).
Early detection of common health
issues among school children.
Provide preventive interventions (immunization,
deworming, health education).
Prevents disease and promotes healthy
behaviors.
Document findings and interventions in school Maintains continuity of care and
To promote physical, mental, and social well-being of students.
To detect health problems early (vision, hearing, nutritional deficiencies,
communicable diseases).
To implement preventive interventions (immunization, hygiene promotion,
deworming).
To educate children, teachers, and parents on healthy practices.
To monitor growth and development of students.
To reduce absenteeism caused by preventable diseases.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale
Measure students’ weight for growth and
nutritional assessment.
Measuring tape / stadiometer Measure height and assess growth.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
BP apparatus
Screen for hypertension in older
children/adolescents.
Vision chart / Snellen chart Detect visual impairment.
Hearing screening kits Identify hearing problems early.
PPE (gloves, masks, aprons)
Protect healthcare workers and students from
infection.
First aid kit Provide immediate care for minor injuries.
Health education materials (charts,
posters, pamphlets)
Promote hygiene, nutrition, and healthy lifestyle
awareness.
Screening forms / registers Document assessments and follow-up needs.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the program (select target age group,
schedule, and activities).
Ensures organized implementation and
efficient use of resources.
Obtain consent from school authorities and
parents.
Ensures ethical practice and
cooperation.
Collect health history of students (past illnesses,
allergies, medications).
Provides baseline information and
identifies risk factors.
Perform physical assessment (weight, height, vital
signs, general examination).
Detects growth deviations, malnutrition,
or health problems.
Conduct specific screenings (vision, hearing,
dental, anemia, BP, blood sugar if indicated).
Early detection of common health
issues among school children.
Provide preventive interventions (immunization,
deworming, health education).
Prevents disease and promotes healthy
behaviors.
Document findings and interventions in school Maintains continuity of care and
Procedure Rationale
health records. facilitates follow-up.
Identify high-risk students and refer to
appropriate health facilities.
Ensures timely treatment and prevents
complications.
Educate students, teachers, and parents on
hygiene, nutrition, and lifestyle.
Promotes awareness and long-term
behavior change.
Follow up periodically to monitor growth and
health status.
Ensures ongoing care and evaluates
effectiveness of interventions.
Minor Ailments
Example 1: Fever
Meaning: Temporary rise in body temperature due to infection or inflammation.
Purpose:
Detect infection early.
Reduce discomfort and prevent complications.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
health records. facilitates follow-up.
Identify high-risk students and refer to
appropriate health facilities.
Ensures timely treatment and prevents
complications.
Educate students, teachers, and parents on
hygiene, nutrition, and lifestyle.
Promotes awareness and long-term
behavior change.
Follow up periodically to monitor growth and
health status.
Ensures ongoing care and evaluates
effectiveness of interventions.
Minor Ailments
Example 1: Fever
Meaning: Temporary rise in body temperature due to infection or inflammation.
Purpose:
Detect infection early.
Reduce discomfort and prevent complications.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Measure body temperature.
Equipment Purpose
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Gloves Protect health worker.
Antipyretics (paracetamol)Reduce fever.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene during care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Measure temperature and vital signs. Detect fever severity.
Assess for other symptoms (cough, rash, pain).Identify underlying cause.
Provide antipyretics as needed. Relieves symptoms.
Advise hydration, rest, and home care.
Supports recovery and prevents
complications.
Monitor for red-flag signs (persistent high fever,
difficulty breathing).
Early recognition of serious illness.
Example 2: Common Cold
Meaning: Viral infection of upper respiratory tract causing nasal congestion and sore throat.
Purpose:
Symptom relief and prevention of secondary infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Check for fever.
Stethoscope Examine lungs if needed.
Gloves Infection control.
Nasal drops / saline sprayRelieve nasal congestion.
Tissues Maintain hygiene.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Assess symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, mild fever).Confirm minor ailment.
Measure temperature if fever suspected. Monitor severity.
Provide symptomatic treatment (saline nasal drops, rest).Relieves discomfort.
Educate on hygiene (handwashing, covering mouth).Prevents spread.
Advise follow-up if symptoms worsen. Prevents complications.
2. Emergencies
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Gloves Protect health worker.
Antipyretics (paracetamol)Reduce fever.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene during care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Measure temperature and vital signs. Detect fever severity.
Assess for other symptoms (cough, rash, pain).Identify underlying cause.
Provide antipyretics as needed. Relieves symptoms.
Advise hydration, rest, and home care.
Supports recovery and prevents
complications.
Monitor for red-flag signs (persistent high fever,
difficulty breathing).
Early recognition of serious illness.
Example 2: Common Cold
Meaning: Viral infection of upper respiratory tract causing nasal congestion and sore throat.
Purpose:
Symptom relief and prevention of secondary infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Check for fever.
Stethoscope Examine lungs if needed.
Gloves Infection control.
Nasal drops / saline sprayRelieve nasal congestion.
Tissues Maintain hygiene.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Assess symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, mild fever).Confirm minor ailment.
Measure temperature if fever suspected. Monitor severity.
Provide symptomatic treatment (saline nasal drops, rest).Relieves discomfort.
Educate on hygiene (handwashing, covering mouth).Prevents spread.
Advise follow-up if symptoms worsen. Prevents complications.
2. Emergencies
Example 1: Minor Burns
Meaning: Injury to skin due to heat, chemicals, or electricity.
Purpose:
Prevent infection and reduce tissue damage.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Sterile gauze / dressingProtect wound.
Burn ointment / salinePromote healing.
Gloves Infection prevention.
Thermometer Monitor for fever/infection.
First aid kit Immediate care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Remove source of burn. Prevent further injury.
Cool burn with running water.Reduces tissue damage and pain.
Apply sterile dressing / burn ointment.Prevents infection and promotes healing.
Monitor for signs of infection.Early detection of complications.
Refer severe burns to hospital.Ensures advanced care if needed.
Example 2: Minor Fracture / Sprain
Meaning: Injury to bones or ligaments causing pain and swelling.
Purpose:
Reduce pain, prevent further injury, and promote healing.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Splints / bandagesImmobilize injured area.
Gloves Infection control.
Ice pack Reduce swelling.
Pain relief medicationsRelieve pain.
First aid kit Provide immediate care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Assess injury and check circulation, movement,
sensation.
Identify severity and prevent
complications.
Meaning: Injury to skin due to heat, chemicals, or electricity.
Purpose:
Prevent infection and reduce tissue damage.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Sterile gauze / dressingProtect wound.
Burn ointment / salinePromote healing.
Gloves Infection prevention.
Thermometer Monitor for fever/infection.
First aid kit Immediate care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Remove source of burn. Prevent further injury.
Cool burn with running water.Reduces tissue damage and pain.
Apply sterile dressing / burn ointment.Prevents infection and promotes healing.
Monitor for signs of infection.Early detection of complications.
Refer severe burns to hospital.Ensures advanced care if needed.
Example 2: Minor Fracture / Sprain
Meaning: Injury to bones or ligaments causing pain and swelling.
Purpose:
Reduce pain, prevent further injury, and promote healing.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Splints / bandagesImmobilize injured area.
Gloves Infection control.
Ice pack Reduce swelling.
Pain relief medicationsRelieve pain.
First aid kit Provide immediate care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Assess injury and check circulation, movement,
sensation.
Identify severity and prevent
complications.
Procedure Rationale
Immobilize limb using splint or bandage.Prevents further damage.
Apply ice pack for swelling. Reduces inflammation and pain.
Administer pain relief if needed. Improves patient comfort.
Refer severe or complicated cases to hospital.Ensures proper treatment and healing.
3. Dental Problem – Toothache
Meaning: Pain in or around a tooth due to caries, infection, or trauma.
Purpose:
Relieve pain and prevent infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Dental mirror Examine oral cavity.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene and apply medication.
Gloves Prevent infection.
Analgesics Relieve pain.
Antiseptic mouthwashPrevent infection.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine teeth and gums. Identify cause of pain.
Clean oral cavity and apply antiseptic.Reduce infection risk.
Provide analgesics for pain relief.Symptomatic management.
Educate on oral hygiene (brushing, rinsing).Prevent recurrence.
Refer to dentist if severe or persistent.Ensure definitive treatment.
4. Eye Problem – Conjunctivitis
Meaning: Inflammation of the conjunctiva causing redness, itching, and discharge.
Purpose:
Reduce discomfort, prevent spread, and treat infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Cotton / gauze Clean discharge.
Gloves Infection control.
Antiseptic eye drops / salineTreat infection and relieve irritation.
Immobilize limb using splint or bandage.Prevents further damage.
Apply ice pack for swelling. Reduces inflammation and pain.
Administer pain relief if needed. Improves patient comfort.
Refer severe or complicated cases to hospital.Ensures proper treatment and healing.
3. Dental Problem – Toothache
Meaning: Pain in or around a tooth due to caries, infection, or trauma.
Purpose:
Relieve pain and prevent infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Dental mirror Examine oral cavity.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene and apply medication.
Gloves Prevent infection.
Analgesics Relieve pain.
Antiseptic mouthwashPrevent infection.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine teeth and gums. Identify cause of pain.
Clean oral cavity and apply antiseptic.Reduce infection risk.
Provide analgesics for pain relief.Symptomatic management.
Educate on oral hygiene (brushing, rinsing).Prevent recurrence.
Refer to dentist if severe or persistent.Ensure definitive treatment.
4. Eye Problem – Conjunctivitis
Meaning: Inflammation of the conjunctiva causing redness, itching, and discharge.
Purpose:
Reduce discomfort, prevent spread, and treat infection.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Cotton / gauze Clean discharge.
Gloves Infection control.
Antiseptic eye drops / salineTreat infection and relieve irritation.
Equipment Purpose
Eye patch (if needed)Protect affected eye.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine eyes for redness, discharge, and swelling.Confirm diagnosis.
Clean eye gently with sterile cotton or saline.
Remove discharge and prevent
infection.
Apply antiseptic eye drops. Treat bacterial or viral infection.
Educate patient on hygiene (avoid touching eyes).Prevent spread to self and others.
Refer severe or vision-threatening cases to
ophthalmologist.
Ensure specialized care.
5. ENT Problem – Ear Wax Impaction
Meaning: Accumulation of cerumen causing hearing difficulty or discomfort.
Purpose:
Relieve obstruction and improve hearing.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Ear syringe / bulb syringeIrrigate ear canal.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene.
Gloves Prevent infection.
Ear drops (softening agent)Facilitate wax removal.
Torch / otoscope Examine ear canal.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine ear canal using torch or otoscope.
Confirm presence of wax and rule out
infection.
Apply ear drops to soften wax if needed.Facilitates safe removal.
Irrigate ear gently using syringe. Remove wax blockage.
Clean outer ear with cotton/gauze. Maintain hygiene.
Refer to ENT specialist if pain, infection, or hearing
loss persists.
Ensure specialized management.
Eye patch (if needed)Protect affected eye.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine eyes for redness, discharge, and swelling.Confirm diagnosis.
Clean eye gently with sterile cotton or saline.
Remove discharge and prevent
infection.
Apply antiseptic eye drops. Treat bacterial or viral infection.
Educate patient on hygiene (avoid touching eyes).Prevent spread to self and others.
Refer severe or vision-threatening cases to
ophthalmologist.
Ensure specialized care.
5. ENT Problem – Ear Wax Impaction
Meaning: Accumulation of cerumen causing hearing difficulty or discomfort.
Purpose:
Relieve obstruction and improve hearing.
Equipment & Purpose:
Equipment Purpose
Ear syringe / bulb syringeIrrigate ear canal.
Cotton / gauze Maintain hygiene.
Gloves Prevent infection.
Ear drops (softening agent)Facilitate wax removal.
Torch / otoscope Examine ear canal.
Procedure (Two-Column Table):
Procedure Rationale
Examine ear canal using torch or otoscope.
Confirm presence of wax and rule out
infection.
Apply ear drops to soften wax if needed.Facilitates safe removal.
Irrigate ear gently using syringe. Remove wax blockage.
Clean outer ear with cotton/gauze. Maintain hygiene.
Refer to ENT specialist if pain, infection, or hearing
loss persists.
Ensure specialized management.
Primary Management and Care Based on
MOHFW Protocols
Meaning
Primary management and care based on MOHFW protocols refers to the systematic provision
of preventive, promotive, and basic curative services at home or health centers according to
nationally approved guidelines. This ensures standardization, safety, and effectiveness in
managing common health problems and emergencies.
Purpose
To provide standardized, evidence-based care in the community and health centers.
To prevent disease progression and reduce complications.
To ensure safety and quality of care.
To facilitate early detection and management of common health issues.
To support referral of high-risk or complicated cases.
To promote health education and preventive practices in the community.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
BP apparatus
Measure blood pressure for screening
hypertension.
Weighing scale / measuring tape Assess growth, nutrition, and BMI.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Gloves / masks / PPE
Maintain infection control and
personal safety.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care for minor
injuries or emergencies.
Rapid diagnostic kits (blood sugar, malaria, dengue,
hemoglobin)
Early detection of common health
problems.
Medication as per MOHFW protocols (antipyretics,
ORS, antibiotics, supplements)
Provide primary treatment based on
approved guidelines.
Health education materials (charts, pamphlets)
Educate clients on preventive care and
healthy practices.
Referral forms / registers
Document and refer high-risk clients to
higher centers.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
MOHFW Protocols
Meaning
Primary management and care based on MOHFW protocols refers to the systematic provision
of preventive, promotive, and basic curative services at home or health centers according to
nationally approved guidelines. This ensures standardization, safety, and effectiveness in
managing common health problems and emergencies.
Purpose
To provide standardized, evidence-based care in the community and health centers.
To prevent disease progression and reduce complications.
To ensure safety and quality of care.
To facilitate early detection and management of common health issues.
To support referral of high-risk or complicated cases.
To promote health education and preventive practices in the community.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
BP apparatus
Measure blood pressure for screening
hypertension.
Weighing scale / measuring tape Assess growth, nutrition, and BMI.
Stethoscope Examine heart and lung sounds.
Gloves / masks / PPE
Maintain infection control and
personal safety.
First aid kit
Provide immediate care for minor
injuries or emergencies.
Rapid diagnostic kits (blood sugar, malaria, dengue,
hemoglobin)
Early detection of common health
problems.
Medication as per MOHFW protocols (antipyretics,
ORS, antibiotics, supplements)
Provide primary treatment based on
approved guidelines.
Health education materials (charts, pamphlets)
Educate clients on preventive care and
healthy practices.
Referral forms / registers
Document and refer high-risk clients to
higher centers.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify the target population (home or health center
clients).
Focuses care on those in need
and ensures coverage.
Collect health history and assess symptoms following
MOHFW protocols.
Identifies conditions early and
guides management.
Measure vital signs and perform basic assessments
(temperature, BP, weight, height).
Detects deviations from normal
and risk factors.
Screen for common conditions (malaria, anemia, diabetes,
hypertension) using approved tools.
Early detection prevents
complications.
Provide primary management (ORAL rehydration,
antipyretics, wound care, supplementation) according to
MOHFW guidelines.
Standardized care reduces errors
and improves outcomes.
Educate clients and families on disease prevention,
nutrition, hygiene, and adherence to treatment.
Promotes long-term health and
compliance.
Identify high-risk clients or complications.
Ensures timely referral for
specialized care.
Refer patients to higher centers using MOHFW-approved
referral protocols.
Ensures continuity of care and
advanced treatment.
Document all assessments, interventions, and referrals.
Maintains legal records and
supports monitoring and
evaluation.
Follow up as per protocol (home visit or health center).
Monitors progress and reinforces
care instructions.
High-Risk Pregnancy
Meaning
A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the mother or fetus is at increased risk of
complications due to medical, obstetric, or social factors. Screening and primary management
aim to detect risks early and provide timely interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
Purpose
Early identification of maternal and fetal risks.
Prevent complications like pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, or preterm birth.
Promote maternal and fetal well-being.
Provide appropriate counseling and referral for specialized care.
Monitor maternal health and fetal growth regularly.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor maternal heart and fetal heart rate.
Identify the target population (home or health center
clients).
Focuses care on those in need
and ensures coverage.
Collect health history and assess symptoms following
MOHFW protocols.
Identifies conditions early and
guides management.
Measure vital signs and perform basic assessments
(temperature, BP, weight, height).
Detects deviations from normal
and risk factors.
Screen for common conditions (malaria, anemia, diabetes,
hypertension) using approved tools.
Early detection prevents
complications.
Provide primary management (ORAL rehydration,
antipyretics, wound care, supplementation) according to
MOHFW guidelines.
Standardized care reduces errors
and improves outcomes.
Educate clients and families on disease prevention,
nutrition, hygiene, and adherence to treatment.
Promotes long-term health and
compliance.
Identify high-risk clients or complications.
Ensures timely referral for
specialized care.
Refer patients to higher centers using MOHFW-approved
referral protocols.
Ensures continuity of care and
advanced treatment.
Document all assessments, interventions, and referrals.
Maintains legal records and
supports monitoring and
evaluation.
Follow up as per protocol (home visit or health center).
Monitors progress and reinforces
care instructions.
High-Risk Pregnancy
Meaning
A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the mother or fetus is at increased risk of
complications due to medical, obstetric, or social factors. Screening and primary management
aim to detect risks early and provide timely interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
Purpose
Early identification of maternal and fetal risks.
Prevent complications like pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, or preterm birth.
Promote maternal and fetal well-being.
Provide appropriate counseling and referral for specialized care.
Monitor maternal health and fetal growth regularly.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor maternal heart and fetal heart rate.
Equipment Purpose
Measuring tape Measure fundal height to assess fetal growth.
Glucometer & stripsScreen for gestational diabetes.
Urine dipsticks Detect proteinuria or urinary tract infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight gain.
Health education materialsEducate about nutrition, warning signs, and antenatal care.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to higher centers if required.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Review maternal history (medical, obstetric, family).Identify risk factors for complications.
Measure BP, weight, and fundal height.
Monitor maternal health and fetal
growth.
Screen urine for protein, sugar, and infection.
Detect pre-eclampsia, diabetes, or
UTIs early.
Assess fetal heart rate using Doppler. Monitor fetal well-being.
Screen for gestational diabetes (blood sugar test).
Early detection and management to
prevent complications.
Educate mother on danger signs (bleeding, severe
headache, reduced fetal movement).
Enables early reporting and prompt
care.
Provide nutritional guidance, supplements, and
antenatal care advice.
Promotes maternal and fetal health.
Identify high-risk signs and refer to higher center.
Ensures specialized care when
necessary.
Document findings and interventions.
Maintains record for continuity of care
and monitoring.
2. High-Risk Neonate
Meaning
A high-risk neonate is a newborn with increased vulnerability to morbidity or mortality due
to prematurity, low birth weight, birth complications, or maternal conditions. Screening and
primary management aim to stabilize the newborn and prevent complications.
Purpose
Early identification of neonatal complications.
Provide timely interventions to stabilize the neonate.
Reduce morbidity and mortality.
Monitor growth and development.
Ensure referral to neonatal intensive care if required.
Equipment & Purpose
Measuring tape Measure fundal height to assess fetal growth.
Glucometer & stripsScreen for gestational diabetes.
Urine dipsticks Detect proteinuria or urinary tract infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight gain.
Health education materialsEducate about nutrition, warning signs, and antenatal care.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to higher centers if required.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Review maternal history (medical, obstetric, family).Identify risk factors for complications.
Measure BP, weight, and fundal height.
Monitor maternal health and fetal
growth.
Screen urine for protein, sugar, and infection.
Detect pre-eclampsia, diabetes, or
UTIs early.
Assess fetal heart rate using Doppler. Monitor fetal well-being.
Screen for gestational diabetes (blood sugar test).
Early detection and management to
prevent complications.
Educate mother on danger signs (bleeding, severe
headache, reduced fetal movement).
Enables early reporting and prompt
care.
Provide nutritional guidance, supplements, and
antenatal care advice.
Promotes maternal and fetal health.
Identify high-risk signs and refer to higher center.
Ensures specialized care when
necessary.
Document findings and interventions.
Maintains record for continuity of care
and monitoring.
2. High-Risk Neonate
Meaning
A high-risk neonate is a newborn with increased vulnerability to morbidity or mortality due
to prematurity, low birth weight, birth complications, or maternal conditions. Screening and
primary management aim to stabilize the newborn and prevent complications.
Purpose
Early identification of neonatal complications.
Provide timely interventions to stabilize the neonate.
Reduce morbidity and mortality.
Monitor growth and development.
Ensure referral to neonatal intensive care if required.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale (infant)Monitor birth weight and growth.
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Glucometer & strips Screen for hypoglycemia.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Suction apparatus / bulb
syringe
Clear airway if needed.
Gloves & PPE Infection prevention.
Incubator / radiant warmer
Maintain body temperature for preterm or low birth weight
infants.
Health education materialsEducate parents on feeding, hygiene, and danger signs.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to neonatal care units.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Review maternal and birth history. Identify risk factors affecting neonate.
Measure weight, length, and head circumference.
Assess growth and detect low birth
weight.
Monitor vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate, oxygen saturation).
Detect early signs of distress.
Screen blood sugar for hypoglycemia.
Prevent complications from low
glucose.
Examine for congenital anomalies, jaundice, or
infection.
Early detection for prompt
management.
Provide thermal care (skin-to-skin, incubator if
needed).
Prevent hypothermia in neonates.
Educate parents on breastfeeding, hygiene, and danger
signs.
Promotes neonatal health and care at
home.
Identify critically ill neonates and refer to neonatal
ICU.
Ensures specialized care for survival
and recovery.
Document assessment and interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and
follow-up planning.
1. Antenatal Assessment
Meaning
Antenatal assessment involves evaluating the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus
during pregnancy to ensure maternal and fetal well-being.
Purpose
Detect high-risk pregnancies early.
Monitor maternal and fetal growth and health.
Weighing scale (infant)Monitor birth weight and growth.
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Glucometer & strips Screen for hypoglycemia.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Suction apparatus / bulb
syringe
Clear airway if needed.
Gloves & PPE Infection prevention.
Incubator / radiant warmer
Maintain body temperature for preterm or low birth weight
infants.
Health education materialsEducate parents on feeding, hygiene, and danger signs.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to neonatal care units.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Review maternal and birth history. Identify risk factors affecting neonate.
Measure weight, length, and head circumference.
Assess growth and detect low birth
weight.
Monitor vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate, oxygen saturation).
Detect early signs of distress.
Screen blood sugar for hypoglycemia.
Prevent complications from low
glucose.
Examine for congenital anomalies, jaundice, or
infection.
Early detection for prompt
management.
Provide thermal care (skin-to-skin, incubator if
needed).
Prevent hypothermia in neonates.
Educate parents on breastfeeding, hygiene, and danger
signs.
Promotes neonatal health and care at
home.
Identify critically ill neonates and refer to neonatal
ICU.
Ensures specialized care for survival
and recovery.
Document assessment and interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and
follow-up planning.
1. Antenatal Assessment
Meaning
Antenatal assessment involves evaluating the health of a pregnant woman and her fetus
during pregnancy to ensure maternal and fetal well-being.
Purpose
Detect high-risk pregnancies early.
Monitor maternal and fetal growth and health.
Prevent complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
Provide education and counseling for healthy pregnancy.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor fetal heart rate.
Measuring tape Measure fundal height.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight gain.
Urine dipstick Detect proteinuria or infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene.
Health education materialsEducate on nutrition, danger signs, and antenatal care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect maternal history (medical, obstetric,
family).
Identify risk factors.
Measure BP, weight, and fundal height.Monitor maternal and fetal health.
Assess fetal heart rate. Evaluate fetal well-being.
Test urine for protein and sugar.
Detect pre-eclampsia and gestational
diabetes.
Educate on nutrition, danger signs, and follow-
up.
Promote healthy pregnancy practices.
Document findings and interventions. Maintain continuity of care.
2. Intrapartum Assessment
Meaning
Intrapartum assessment is the monitoring of maternal and fetal status during labor to ensure
safe delivery.
Purpose
Monitor labor progress.
Detect maternal or fetal distress.
Provide timely interventions to prevent complications.
Ensure safe childbirth.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Monitor maternal blood pressure.
Provide education and counseling for healthy pregnancy.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect hypertension or pre-eclampsia.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor fetal heart rate.
Measuring tape Measure fundal height.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight gain.
Urine dipstick Detect proteinuria or infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene.
Health education materialsEducate on nutrition, danger signs, and antenatal care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect maternal history (medical, obstetric,
family).
Identify risk factors.
Measure BP, weight, and fundal height.Monitor maternal and fetal health.
Assess fetal heart rate. Evaluate fetal well-being.
Test urine for protein and sugar.
Detect pre-eclampsia and gestational
diabetes.
Educate on nutrition, danger signs, and follow-
up.
Promote healthy pregnancy practices.
Document findings and interventions. Maintain continuity of care.
2. Intrapartum Assessment
Meaning
Intrapartum assessment is the monitoring of maternal and fetal status during labor to ensure
safe delivery.
Purpose
Monitor labor progress.
Detect maternal or fetal distress.
Provide timely interventions to prevent complications.
Ensure safe childbirth.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Monitor maternal blood pressure.
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor fetal heart rate.
Partograph Record labor progress.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and infection control.
Delivery kit For immediate management of delivery.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Assess maternal vitals and pain level. Detect maternal distress.
Monitor fetal heart rate regularly. Ensure fetal well-being.
Observe uterine contractions (frequency, intensity,
duration).
Assess labor progress.
Record findings in partograph. Identify abnormal labor patterns early.
Prepare for delivery and emergency interventions.
Ensure safe birth and manage
complications.
Educate and support mother during labor.Reduce anxiety and improve outcomes.
3. Postnatal Assessment
Meaning
Postnatal assessment evaluates the mother’s recovery after childbirth and ensures the health
of both mother and newborn.
Purpose
Detect postpartum complications (bleeding, infection, hypertension).
Monitor physical and psychological recovery.
Support breastfeeding and maternal care.
Provide counseling on family planning and nutrition.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect postpartum hypertension.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Stethoscope Assess cardiovascular and respiratory health.
Gloves & PPE Infection prevention.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight and nutritional status.
Health education
materials
Provide guidance on newborn care, breastfeeding, and family
planning.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Stethoscope / Fetal DopplerMonitor fetal heart rate.
Partograph Record labor progress.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and infection control.
Delivery kit For immediate management of delivery.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Assess maternal vitals and pain level. Detect maternal distress.
Monitor fetal heart rate regularly. Ensure fetal well-being.
Observe uterine contractions (frequency, intensity,
duration).
Assess labor progress.
Record findings in partograph. Identify abnormal labor patterns early.
Prepare for delivery and emergency interventions.
Ensure safe birth and manage
complications.
Educate and support mother during labor.Reduce anxiety and improve outcomes.
3. Postnatal Assessment
Meaning
Postnatal assessment evaluates the mother’s recovery after childbirth and ensures the health
of both mother and newborn.
Purpose
Detect postpartum complications (bleeding, infection, hypertension).
Monitor physical and psychological recovery.
Support breastfeeding and maternal care.
Provide counseling on family planning and nutrition.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Detect postpartum hypertension.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Stethoscope Assess cardiovascular and respiratory health.
Gloves & PPE Infection prevention.
Weighing scale Monitor maternal weight and nutritional status.
Health education
materials
Provide guidance on newborn care, breastfeeding, and family
planning.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Assess maternal vital signs (BP, pulse, temperature).Detect complications early.
Examine uterus, lochia, perineal healing. Ensure proper postpartum recovery.
Assess pain, breast condition, and breastfeeding.
Promote maternal comfort and infant
feeding.
Educate mother on nutrition, hygiene, family planning,
and newborn care.
Support recovery and prevent health
problems.
Identify any high-risk signs and refer if necessary.
Prevent complications and ensure
safety.
Document all findings and interventions. Maintain continuity of care.
4. Newborn Assessment
Meaning
Newborn assessment evaluates the health, growth, and development of a baby immediately
after birth and during the neonatal period.
Purpose
Detect congenital anomalies or birth complications.
Monitor vital signs and growth.
Ensure proper feeding and care practices.
Identify high-risk neonates requiring referral.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Weighing scale Record birth weight and monitor growth.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Health education materialsEducate parents on neonatal care and danger signs.
Neonatal assessment chartRecord findings systematically.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Record birth details (weight, length, head
circumference).
Establish baseline growth data.
Assess vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate).
Detect early distress or complications.
Examine for congenital anomalies, jaundice, or
signs of infection.
Identify issues requiring prompt
management.
Assess maternal vital signs (BP, pulse, temperature).Detect complications early.
Examine uterus, lochia, perineal healing. Ensure proper postpartum recovery.
Assess pain, breast condition, and breastfeeding.
Promote maternal comfort and infant
feeding.
Educate mother on nutrition, hygiene, family planning,
and newborn care.
Support recovery and prevent health
problems.
Identify any high-risk signs and refer if necessary.
Prevent complications and ensure
safety.
Document all findings and interventions. Maintain continuity of care.
4. Newborn Assessment
Meaning
Newborn assessment evaluates the health, growth, and development of a baby immediately
after birth and during the neonatal period.
Purpose
Detect congenital anomalies or birth complications.
Monitor vital signs and growth.
Ensure proper feeding and care practices.
Identify high-risk neonates requiring referral.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Weighing scale Record birth weight and monitor growth.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Health education materialsEducate parents on neonatal care and danger signs.
Neonatal assessment chartRecord findings systematically.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Record birth details (weight, length, head
circumference).
Establish baseline growth data.
Assess vital signs (temperature, heart rate,
respiratory rate).
Detect early distress or complications.
Examine for congenital anomalies, jaundice, or
signs of infection.
Identify issues requiring prompt
management.
Procedure Rationale
Assess feeding, reflexes, and general behavior.
Evaluate neonatal adaptation and
nutrition.
Educate parents on breastfeeding, hygiene, and
danger signs.
Promote newborn health and prevent
complications.
Identify high-risk neonates and refer to neonatal
care if needed.
Ensure timely specialized care.
Document findings and interventions. Maintain continuity and quality of care.
. Conduction of Normal Childbirth
Meaning
Normal childbirth refers to the spontaneous vaginal delivery of a full-term fetus without
complications, following the natural course of labor.
Purpose
To ensure safe delivery for both mother and newborn.
To monitor labor progress and intervene if necessary.
To provide immediate newborn care.
To document all events and interventions for continuity and legal purposes.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Delivery kit (sterile drapes, scissors, cord clamps,
forceps if needed)
Provides sterile instruments for safe
delivery.
Gloves, apron, mask Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Stethoscope / Fetal Doppler Monitor maternal and fetal heart rate.
BP apparatus, thermometer Monitor maternal vital signs.
Suction apparatus / bulb syringe Clear newborn airway.
Towels / baby blankets Dry and maintain newborn warmth.
Weighing scale Record birth weight.
Documentation forms / partograph
Record labor progress, interventions, and
outcomes.
Health education materials
Educate mother on postpartum care and
newborn care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare delivery area and ensure all equipment is sterile
and ready.
Prevents infection and ensures
readiness.
Assess maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate before
delivery.
Detects maternal or fetal distress
early.
Assess feeding, reflexes, and general behavior.
Evaluate neonatal adaptation and
nutrition.
Educate parents on breastfeeding, hygiene, and
danger signs.
Promote newborn health and prevent
complications.
Identify high-risk neonates and refer to neonatal
care if needed.
Ensure timely specialized care.
Document findings and interventions. Maintain continuity and quality of care.
. Conduction of Normal Childbirth
Meaning
Normal childbirth refers to the spontaneous vaginal delivery of a full-term fetus without
complications, following the natural course of labor.
Purpose
To ensure safe delivery for both mother and newborn.
To monitor labor progress and intervene if necessary.
To provide immediate newborn care.
To document all events and interventions for continuity and legal purposes.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Delivery kit (sterile drapes, scissors, cord clamps,
forceps if needed)
Provides sterile instruments for safe
delivery.
Gloves, apron, mask Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Stethoscope / Fetal Doppler Monitor maternal and fetal heart rate.
BP apparatus, thermometer Monitor maternal vital signs.
Suction apparatus / bulb syringe Clear newborn airway.
Towels / baby blankets Dry and maintain newborn warmth.
Weighing scale Record birth weight.
Documentation forms / partograph
Record labor progress, interventions, and
outcomes.
Health education materials
Educate mother on postpartum care and
newborn care.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare delivery area and ensure all equipment is sterile
and ready.
Prevents infection and ensures
readiness.
Assess maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate before
delivery.
Detects maternal or fetal distress
early.
Procedure Rationale
Support the mother in pushing during contractions.
Facilitates normal vaginal
delivery.
Monitor progress using partograph and observe signs of
complications.
Ensures timely intervention if
abnormal labor occurs.
Assist with delivery of the baby, clear airway, and dry the
newborn.
Ensures newborn adapts and
prevents hypothermia.
Clamp and cut the umbilical cord.
Completes safe separation of
newborn from placenta.
Administer immediate postpartum care to mother
(placenta delivery, uterine massage, monitor bleeding).
Prevents postpartum hemorrhage
and promotes recovery.
Document all steps of labor, interventions, maternal and
newborn status.
Maintains legal and clinical
records for continuity of care.
Provide mother and newborn education on feeding,
hygiene, and danger signs.
Promotes postpartum and neonatal
health.
2. Normal Childbirth Documentation
Meaning
Documentation of childbirth involves recording all maternal and neonatal assessments, labor
events, interventions, and outcomes systematically for clinical, legal, and educational
purposes.
Purpose
To provide a permanent record of labor and delivery.
To monitor maternal and neonatal progress.
To ensure legal accountability and quality of care.
To facilitate communication among healthcare providers.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Partograph / labor chart Record labor progress, maternal and fetal status.
Patient case sheets / registersDocument maternal and neonatal details.
Pens / pencils / markers Record information clearly and legibly.
Electronic health record (if available)Digital documentation for easy retrieval and analysis.
Reference guidelines / protocolsEnsure documentation meets standards.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Record maternal identification details and obstetric
history.
Provides baseline information for
care.
Support the mother in pushing during contractions.
Facilitates normal vaginal
delivery.
Monitor progress using partograph and observe signs of
complications.
Ensures timely intervention if
abnormal labor occurs.
Assist with delivery of the baby, clear airway, and dry the
newborn.
Ensures newborn adapts and
prevents hypothermia.
Clamp and cut the umbilical cord.
Completes safe separation of
newborn from placenta.
Administer immediate postpartum care to mother
(placenta delivery, uterine massage, monitor bleeding).
Prevents postpartum hemorrhage
and promotes recovery.
Document all steps of labor, interventions, maternal and
newborn status.
Maintains legal and clinical
records for continuity of care.
Provide mother and newborn education on feeding,
hygiene, and danger signs.
Promotes postpartum and neonatal
health.
2. Normal Childbirth Documentation
Meaning
Documentation of childbirth involves recording all maternal and neonatal assessments, labor
events, interventions, and outcomes systematically for clinical, legal, and educational
purposes.
Purpose
To provide a permanent record of labor and delivery.
To monitor maternal and neonatal progress.
To ensure legal accountability and quality of care.
To facilitate communication among healthcare providers.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Partograph / labor chart Record labor progress, maternal and fetal status.
Patient case sheets / registersDocument maternal and neonatal details.
Pens / pencils / markers Record information clearly and legibly.
Electronic health record (if available)Digital documentation for easy retrieval and analysis.
Reference guidelines / protocolsEnsure documentation meets standards.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Record maternal identification details and obstetric
history.
Provides baseline information for
care.
Procedure Rationale
Document vital signs, contractions, and cervical
dilation at regular intervals.
Monitors labor progress and detects
deviations.
Record fetal heart rate and response during labor.Ensures fetal well-being.
Document interventions (medications, analgesia,
episiotomy, etc.) during labor.
Maintains legal record of care
provided.
Record details of delivery (time, mode, birth weight,
sex of baby, Apgar score).
Provides essential neonatal
information.
Note maternal postpartum care and any complications.
Ensures proper follow-up and
continuity of care.
Ensure legibility, accuracy, and completeness of
records.
Prevents misinterpretation and
supports audits.
Store records securely for future reference.
Maintains confidentiality and legal
compliance.
Immediate Newborn Care
Meaning
Immediate newborn care refers to the essential interventions provided to a newborn in the
first minutes to hours after birth to ensure adaptation to extrauterine life, prevent
complications, and promote survival.
Purpose
Ensure airway clearance and effective breathing.
Maintain body temperature and prevent hypothermia.
Promote early initiation of breastfeeding.
Detect congenital anomalies or birth complications early.
Provide appropriate documentation for continuity of care.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Bulb syringe / suction apparatusClear airway (mouth and nose) of secretions.
Towels / baby blankets Dry and provide warmth to prevent hypothermia.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Weighing scale Measure birth weight.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Umbilical cord clamp / sterile scissorsSecure and cut umbilical cord safely.
Vitamin K injection / eye drops (if
protocol)
Prevent hemorrhagic disease and eye infections.
Health education materials Educate mother on neonatal care.
Documentation forms / neonatal record Record newborn assessment, interventions, and
Document vital signs, contractions, and cervical
dilation at regular intervals.
Monitors labor progress and detects
deviations.
Record fetal heart rate and response during labor.Ensures fetal well-being.
Document interventions (medications, analgesia,
episiotomy, etc.) during labor.
Maintains legal record of care
provided.
Record details of delivery (time, mode, birth weight,
sex of baby, Apgar score).
Provides essential neonatal
information.
Note maternal postpartum care and any complications.
Ensures proper follow-up and
continuity of care.
Ensure legibility, accuracy, and completeness of
records.
Prevents misinterpretation and
supports audits.
Store records securely for future reference.
Maintains confidentiality and legal
compliance.
Immediate Newborn Care
Meaning
Immediate newborn care refers to the essential interventions provided to a newborn in the
first minutes to hours after birth to ensure adaptation to extrauterine life, prevent
complications, and promote survival.
Purpose
Ensure airway clearance and effective breathing.
Maintain body temperature and prevent hypothermia.
Promote early initiation of breastfeeding.
Detect congenital anomalies or birth complications early.
Provide appropriate documentation for continuity of care.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Bulb syringe / suction apparatusClear airway (mouth and nose) of secretions.
Towels / baby blankets Dry and provide warmth to prevent hypothermia.
Stethoscope Assess heart and lung sounds.
Thermometer Monitor body temperature.
Weighing scale Measure birth weight.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infection.
Umbilical cord clamp / sterile scissorsSecure and cut umbilical cord safely.
Vitamin K injection / eye drops (if
protocol)
Prevent hemorrhagic disease and eye infections.
Health education materials Educate mother on neonatal care.
Documentation forms / neonatal record Record newborn assessment, interventions, and
Equipment Purpose
chart outcomes.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Dry the newborn immediately using clean towels.
Prevents hypothermia and stabilizes
body temperature.
Clear airway using bulb syringe or suction if needed.
Ensures effective breathing and
oxygenation.
Assess breathing and heart rate using observation
and stethoscope.
Detects respiratory distress or cardiac
problems early.
Clamp and cut the umbilical cord using sterile
instruments.
Prevents infection and controls
bleeding.
Maintain warmth using blankets, skin-to-skin
contact, or radiant warmer.
Prevents hypothermia, which can
cause complications.
Provide vitamin K injection and eye prophylaxis
as per protocol.
Prevents hemorrhagic disease and
neonatal eye infections.
Weigh the newborn and record anthropometric
measurements.
Provides baseline growth data and aids
follow-up.
Initiate breastfeeding within the first hour.
Promotes bonding, nutrition, and
immunity.
Examine for congenital anomalies or birth
injuries.
Early detection allows timely
intervention.
Document all assessments, interventions, and
outcomes in neonatal record chart.
Ensures continuity of care, legal
record, and follow-up.
Family Planning Counseling
Meaning
Family planning counseling is the process of providing information, guidance, and support to
individuals or couples about contraceptive methods, reproductive health, and spacing of
pregnancies, enabling them to make informed choices.
Purpose
Promote informed decision-making regarding contraception.
Prevent unintended pregnancies and reduce maternal and child morbidity.
Promote healthy birth spacing.
Educate about reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Empower clients to take responsibility for their reproductive health.
chart outcomes.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Dry the newborn immediately using clean towels.
Prevents hypothermia and stabilizes
body temperature.
Clear airway using bulb syringe or suction if needed.
Ensures effective breathing and
oxygenation.
Assess breathing and heart rate using observation
and stethoscope.
Detects respiratory distress or cardiac
problems early.
Clamp and cut the umbilical cord using sterile
instruments.
Prevents infection and controls
bleeding.
Maintain warmth using blankets, skin-to-skin
contact, or radiant warmer.
Prevents hypothermia, which can
cause complications.
Provide vitamin K injection and eye prophylaxis
as per protocol.
Prevents hemorrhagic disease and
neonatal eye infections.
Weigh the newborn and record anthropometric
measurements.
Provides baseline growth data and aids
follow-up.
Initiate breastfeeding within the first hour.
Promotes bonding, nutrition, and
immunity.
Examine for congenital anomalies or birth
injuries.
Early detection allows timely
intervention.
Document all assessments, interventions, and
outcomes in neonatal record chart.
Ensures continuity of care, legal
record, and follow-up.
Family Planning Counseling
Meaning
Family planning counseling is the process of providing information, guidance, and support to
individuals or couples about contraceptive methods, reproductive health, and spacing of
pregnancies, enabling them to make informed choices.
Purpose
Promote informed decision-making regarding contraception.
Prevent unintended pregnancies and reduce maternal and child morbidity.
Promote healthy birth spacing.
Educate about reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Empower clients to take responsibility for their reproductive health.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Counseling charts / flipcharts / pamphlets
Provide visual aids and structured
information.
Models of contraceptives (condoms, IUCD,
oral pills, implants)
Demonstrate usage and effectiveness.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene during demonstration or
procedures.
Educational materials (videos, posters)Enhance understanding and awareness.
Registration forms / counseling record sheets
Document counseling session, client
preferences, and follow-up.
Contraceptive supplies (if providing services)
Facilitate demonstration or immediate
initiation.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Greet the client and build rapport.
Establishes trust and encourages open
communication.
Assess client’s knowledge, needs, and reproductive
history.
Identifies appropriate contraceptive
options and personalizes counseling.
Provide information on different contraceptive
methods, effectiveness, advantages, and side
effects.
Enables informed decision-making.
Demonstrate correct use of selected contraceptive
methods using models.
Improves understanding and proper
usage.
Discuss STI prevention and healthy reproductive
practices.
Promotes overall reproductive health.
Address client questions, concerns, and myths.
Reduces misconceptions and increases
compliance.
Document counseling session, chosen method, and
follow-up plan.
Ensures continuity of care and
accountability.
Schedule follow-up visits or referrals as needed.
Monitors adherence, effectiveness, and
manages side effects.
Group Health Education (Rural/Urban)
Meaning
Group health education is a planned learning activity conducted with a group of people in a
community, aiming to provide information and promote healthy behaviors, lifestyle changes,
and disease prevention.
Equipment Purpose
Counseling charts / flipcharts / pamphlets
Provide visual aids and structured
information.
Models of contraceptives (condoms, IUCD,
oral pills, implants)
Demonstrate usage and effectiveness.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene during demonstration or
procedures.
Educational materials (videos, posters)Enhance understanding and awareness.
Registration forms / counseling record sheets
Document counseling session, client
preferences, and follow-up.
Contraceptive supplies (if providing services)
Facilitate demonstration or immediate
initiation.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Greet the client and build rapport.
Establishes trust and encourages open
communication.
Assess client’s knowledge, needs, and reproductive
history.
Identifies appropriate contraceptive
options and personalizes counseling.
Provide information on different contraceptive
methods, effectiveness, advantages, and side
effects.
Enables informed decision-making.
Demonstrate correct use of selected contraceptive
methods using models.
Improves understanding and proper
usage.
Discuss STI prevention and healthy reproductive
practices.
Promotes overall reproductive health.
Address client questions, concerns, and myths.
Reduces misconceptions and increases
compliance.
Document counseling session, chosen method, and
follow-up plan.
Ensures continuity of care and
accountability.
Schedule follow-up visits or referrals as needed.
Monitors adherence, effectiveness, and
manages side effects.
Group Health Education (Rural/Urban)
Meaning
Group health education is a planned learning activity conducted with a group of people in a
community, aiming to provide information and promote healthy behaviors, lifestyle changes,
and disease prevention.
Purpose
Promote awareness and knowledge about health, hygiene, and disease prevention.
Encourage adoption of healthy behaviors and lifestyle changes.
Reduce prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Empower communities to take responsibility for their health.
Facilitate discussion, interaction, and peer learning.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Flipcharts / Posters / Charts Visual aid to explain concepts clearly.
Pamphlets / Handouts
Provide take-home information for
reinforcement.
Microphone / Speaker system
Ensure clear communication in large
groups.
Models or props (water filter, hygiene kits,
contraceptive models)
Demonstrate health practices effectively.
Laptop / Projector (if available)
Show videos or presentations to enhance
learning.
Markers, board, or writing materials
Illustrate key points and engage
participants.
Attendance register / feedback forms
Document participation and evaluate
understanding.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify the target group and assess their health needs.
Ensures the content is relevant and
addresses real issues.
Plan the session (topics, methods, duration, location).
Organizes teaching effectively for
maximum impact.
Prepare teaching aids and materials.
Enhances clarity, retention, and
engagement.
Introduce the topic and establish rapport with
participants.
Encourages attention and active
participation.
Deliver health education using interactive methods
(discussion, demonstration, Q&A).
Promotes understanding and behavior
change.
Encourage group participation, questions, and sharing
of experiences.
Reinforces learning and addresses
misconceptions.
Summarize key points and provide take-home
materials.
Ensures retention of important
messages.
Document the session, participant attendance, and
feedback.
Maintains records for evaluation and
future planning.
Promote awareness and knowledge about health, hygiene, and disease prevention.
Encourage adoption of healthy behaviors and lifestyle changes.
Reduce prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Empower communities to take responsibility for their health.
Facilitate discussion, interaction, and peer learning.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Flipcharts / Posters / Charts Visual aid to explain concepts clearly.
Pamphlets / Handouts
Provide take-home information for
reinforcement.
Microphone / Speaker system
Ensure clear communication in large
groups.
Models or props (water filter, hygiene kits,
contraceptive models)
Demonstrate health practices effectively.
Laptop / Projector (if available)
Show videos or presentations to enhance
learning.
Markers, board, or writing materials
Illustrate key points and engage
participants.
Attendance register / feedback forms
Document participation and evaluate
understanding.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify the target group and assess their health needs.
Ensures the content is relevant and
addresses real issues.
Plan the session (topics, methods, duration, location).
Organizes teaching effectively for
maximum impact.
Prepare teaching aids and materials.
Enhances clarity, retention, and
engagement.
Introduce the topic and establish rapport with
participants.
Encourages attention and active
participation.
Deliver health education using interactive methods
(discussion, demonstration, Q&A).
Promotes understanding and behavior
change.
Encourage group participation, questions, and sharing
of experiences.
Reinforces learning and addresses
misconceptions.
Summarize key points and provide take-home
materials.
Ensures retention of important
messages.
Document the session, participant attendance, and
feedback.
Maintains records for evaluation and
future planning.
Adolescent Counseling
Meaning
Adolescent counseling is a structured process of guiding young individuals (typically aged
10–19 years) to understand physical, emotional, and social changes, make informed choices,
and adopt healthy behaviors.
Purpose
Support emotional and psychological development.
Educate adolescents about nutrition, hygiene, sexuality, and reproductive health.
Prevent risky behaviors (substance use, unsafe sexual practices).
Promote mental health and coping strategies.
Encourage informed decision-making and responsible behavior.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Counseling charts / flipcharts
Visual aids for explaining concepts
effectively.
Pamphlets / brochures
Provide take-home information for
reinforcement.
Models / props (reproductive health, nutrition,
hygiene)
Demonstrate health practices and
physiological changes.
Laptop / projector (if available)
Present videos or slides to enhance
understanding.
Comfortable seating arrangement Facilitates open discussion and confidentiality.
Gloves & PPE (if handling health
demonstrations)
Ensure hygiene during practical sessions.
Attendance register / feedback forms
Record participation and evaluate session
effectiveness.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Establish rapport and a safe, confidential
environment.
Encourages open communication and
trust.
Assess adolescent’s knowledge, concerns, and
needs.
Identifies areas requiring guidance and
counseling.
Provide information on physical, emotional, and
social changes.
Supports healthy development and
understanding of adolescence.
Meaning
Adolescent counseling is a structured process of guiding young individuals (typically aged
10–19 years) to understand physical, emotional, and social changes, make informed choices,
and adopt healthy behaviors.
Purpose
Support emotional and psychological development.
Educate adolescents about nutrition, hygiene, sexuality, and reproductive health.
Prevent risky behaviors (substance use, unsafe sexual practices).
Promote mental health and coping strategies.
Encourage informed decision-making and responsible behavior.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Counseling charts / flipcharts
Visual aids for explaining concepts
effectively.
Pamphlets / brochures
Provide take-home information for
reinforcement.
Models / props (reproductive health, nutrition,
hygiene)
Demonstrate health practices and
physiological changes.
Laptop / projector (if available)
Present videos or slides to enhance
understanding.
Comfortable seating arrangement Facilitates open discussion and confidentiality.
Gloves & PPE (if handling health
demonstrations)
Ensure hygiene during practical sessions.
Attendance register / feedback forms
Record participation and evaluate session
effectiveness.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Establish rapport and a safe, confidential
environment.
Encourages open communication and
trust.
Assess adolescent’s knowledge, concerns, and
needs.
Identifies areas requiring guidance and
counseling.
Provide information on physical, emotional, and
social changes.
Supports healthy development and
understanding of adolescence.
Procedure Rationale
Discuss topics like nutrition, hygiene, sexual and
reproductive health, mental health, and substance
abuse.
Promotes informed decision-making
and prevents risky behaviors.
Use interactive methods (discussion, Q&A, role
play, demonstrations).
Enhances engagement, understanding,
and retention.
Address myths, misconceptions, and individual
concerns.
Reduces misinformation and
encourages safe practices.
Provide take-home materials and resources for
further learning.
Reinforces learning and promotes
independent action.
Document counseling session, topics discussed, and
follow-up needs.
Ensures continuity of care and supports
evaluation of program effectiveness.
Occupational Health Problem –
Respiratory Disorders (e.g., Occupational
Asthma, Pneumoconiosis)
Meaning
Occupational respiratory disorders are conditions affecting the lungs and airways caused or
aggravated by exposure to dust, chemicals, fumes, or other occupational hazards.
Purpose
Early detection of respiratory illnesses in workers.
Prevent disease progression and complications.
Promote workplace safety and health education.
Provide timely referral to specialists for advanced management.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Stethoscope Assess lung sounds and detect abnormalities.
Peak flow meter /
spirometer
Measure lung function and airway obstruction.
PPE (masks, gloves)Protect healthcare workers during assessment.
Thermometer Detect associated fever or infection.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Health education
materials
Educate clients on occupational hazards, smoking cessation, and
respiratory protection.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to pulmonologist or occupational health center.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Discuss topics like nutrition, hygiene, sexual and
reproductive health, mental health, and substance
abuse.
Promotes informed decision-making
and prevents risky behaviors.
Use interactive methods (discussion, Q&A, role
play, demonstrations).
Enhances engagement, understanding,
and retention.
Address myths, misconceptions, and individual
concerns.
Reduces misinformation and
encourages safe practices.
Provide take-home materials and resources for
further learning.
Reinforces learning and promotes
independent action.
Document counseling session, topics discussed, and
follow-up needs.
Ensures continuity of care and supports
evaluation of program effectiveness.
Occupational Health Problem –
Respiratory Disorders (e.g., Occupational
Asthma, Pneumoconiosis)
Meaning
Occupational respiratory disorders are conditions affecting the lungs and airways caused or
aggravated by exposure to dust, chemicals, fumes, or other occupational hazards.
Purpose
Early detection of respiratory illnesses in workers.
Prevent disease progression and complications.
Promote workplace safety and health education.
Provide timely referral to specialists for advanced management.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Stethoscope Assess lung sounds and detect abnormalities.
Peak flow meter /
spirometer
Measure lung function and airway obstruction.
PPE (masks, gloves)Protect healthcare workers during assessment.
Thermometer Detect associated fever or infection.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Health education
materials
Educate clients on occupational hazards, smoking cessation, and
respiratory protection.
Referral forms Facilitate referral to pulmonologist or occupational health center.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect detailed occupational history (exposure type,
duration, protective measures).
Identifies risk factors and causative
agents.
Assess symptoms (cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest
tightness).
Guides preliminary diagnosis.
Measure vital signs, oxygen saturation, and lung
function.
Detects functional impairment and
severity.
Provide primary management (avoid exposure, use of
masks, bronchodilators if indicated).
Reduces symptoms and prevents
progression.
Educate worker on respiratory hygiene, PPE use, and
workplace safety.
Promotes preventive behavior and
occupational health.
Document findings, management, and education
provided.
Ensures continuity of care and
record-keeping.
Identify high-risk or severe cases and refer to
occupational health specialist.
Ensures appropriate diagnosis and
advanced management.
2. Occupational Health Problem –
Musculoskeletal Disorders (e.g., Work-
Related Back Pain, Repetitive Strain
Injury)
Meaning
Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or pain in muscles, joints, or bones
caused by repetitive movements, poor posture, heavy lifting, or ergonomically unsafe work
conditions.
Purpose
Early identification of musculoskeletal strain or injury.
Prevent chronic pain, disability, and reduced productivity.
Promote workplace ergonomics and safe practices.
Provide timely referral for physiotherapy or specialist care.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Goniometer / measuring tape Assess joint range of motion and flexibility.
Examination table Facilitate physical assessment.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene during physical assessment.
Ergonomic assessment tools (e.g., posture
charts)
Evaluate workplace setup and risk factors.
Health education materials Teach proper posture, lifting techniques, and
Collect detailed occupational history (exposure type,
duration, protective measures).
Identifies risk factors and causative
agents.
Assess symptoms (cough, dyspnea, wheezing, chest
tightness).
Guides preliminary diagnosis.
Measure vital signs, oxygen saturation, and lung
function.
Detects functional impairment and
severity.
Provide primary management (avoid exposure, use of
masks, bronchodilators if indicated).
Reduces symptoms and prevents
progression.
Educate worker on respiratory hygiene, PPE use, and
workplace safety.
Promotes preventive behavior and
occupational health.
Document findings, management, and education
provided.
Ensures continuity of care and
record-keeping.
Identify high-risk or severe cases and refer to
occupational health specialist.
Ensures appropriate diagnosis and
advanced management.
2. Occupational Health Problem –
Musculoskeletal Disorders (e.g., Work-
Related Back Pain, Repetitive Strain
Injury)
Meaning
Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are injuries or pain in muscles, joints, or bones
caused by repetitive movements, poor posture, heavy lifting, or ergonomically unsafe work
conditions.
Purpose
Early identification of musculoskeletal strain or injury.
Prevent chronic pain, disability, and reduced productivity.
Promote workplace ergonomics and safe practices.
Provide timely referral for physiotherapy or specialist care.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Goniometer / measuring tape Assess joint range of motion and flexibility.
Examination table Facilitate physical assessment.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene during physical assessment.
Ergonomic assessment tools (e.g., posture
charts)
Evaluate workplace setup and risk factors.
Health education materials Teach proper posture, lifting techniques, and
Equipment Purpose
exercises.
Referral forms
Facilitate referral to physiotherapist or orthopedic
specialist.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Take detailed occupational and medical history (type of
work, duration, symptoms).
Identifies risk factors and causative
activities.
Assess pain, tenderness, range of motion, and posture.
Detects severity and functional
limitations.
Provide primary management (rest, ergonomics
adjustment, pain relief, simple exercises).
Reduces symptoms and prevents
worsening.
Educate worker on correct posture, lifting techniques,
and stretching exercises.
Promotes preventive practices and
self-care.
Document all assessments, interventions, and education
provided.
Maintains record for follow-up and
continuity of care.
Identify severe, chronic, or non-improving cases and
refer to specialist.
Ensures advanced treatment and
rehabilitation.
Health Assessment of Elderly (Physical &
Nutritional)
Meaning
Health assessment of the elderly involves systematic evaluation of physical, functional, and
nutritional status to identify health problems, prevent complications, and promote optimal
aging.
Purpose
Detect chronic illnesses, disabilities, and age-related changes early.
Assess nutritional status and risk of malnutrition.
Promote healthy aging and functional independence.
Plan interventions, referrals, and follow-up care.
Educate elderly and caregivers on health maintenance.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Monitor blood pressure for
exercises.
Referral forms
Facilitate referral to physiotherapist or orthopedic
specialist.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Take detailed occupational and medical history (type of
work, duration, symptoms).
Identifies risk factors and causative
activities.
Assess pain, tenderness, range of motion, and posture.
Detects severity and functional
limitations.
Provide primary management (rest, ergonomics
adjustment, pain relief, simple exercises).
Reduces symptoms and prevents
worsening.
Educate worker on correct posture, lifting techniques,
and stretching exercises.
Promotes preventive practices and
self-care.
Document all assessments, interventions, and education
provided.
Maintains record for follow-up and
continuity of care.
Identify severe, chronic, or non-improving cases and
refer to specialist.
Ensures advanced treatment and
rehabilitation.
Health Assessment of Elderly (Physical &
Nutritional)
Meaning
Health assessment of the elderly involves systematic evaluation of physical, functional, and
nutritional status to identify health problems, prevent complications, and promote optimal
aging.
Purpose
Detect chronic illnesses, disabilities, and age-related changes early.
Assess nutritional status and risk of malnutrition.
Promote healthy aging and functional independence.
Plan interventions, referrals, and follow-up care.
Educate elderly and caregivers on health maintenance.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus Monitor blood pressure for
Equipment Purpose
hypertension.
Stethoscope
Assess heart, lung, and bowel
sounds.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Weighing scale & measuring tape
Assess weight, BMI, and body
composition.
Height measuring rod
Determine stature and changes in
height.
Glucometer & strips Screen for diabetes.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene during
examination.
Nutritional assessment tools (MNA – Mini Nutritional
Assessment, diet charts)
Evaluate dietary intake and
nutritional status.
Health education materials
Educate elderly on diet, exercise,
and lifestyle.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect detailed history (medical, medication,
functional, dietary, and social).
Identifies risk factors and health
problems.
Assess vital signs (BP, pulse, temperature, respiration,
oxygen saturation).
Detects deviations indicating disease
or complications.
Conduct physical examination (cardiovascular,
respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, skin).
Identifies physical health issues and
age-related changes.
Measure anthropometric parameters (weight, height,
BMI, waist circumference).
Evaluates nutritional status and risk
of obesity or malnutrition.
Screen for common chronic illnesses (diabetes,
hypertension, anemia).
Early detection allows timely
intervention.
Evaluate dietary intake, appetite, and eating habits
using diet charts or MNA tool.
Assesses nutritional adequacy and
identifies deficiencies.
Provide counseling on balanced diet, hydration,
exercise, and lifestyle modifications.
Promotes healthy aging and
functional independence.
Identify high-risk conditions and refer to specialists
(nutritionist, physician, physiotherapist) as needed.
Ensures comprehensive care for
complex health issues.
Document all findings, assessments, and interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and
facilitates follow-up.
Mental Health Screening Survey
Meaning
hypertension.
Stethoscope
Assess heart, lung, and bowel
sounds.
Thermometer Detect fever or infection.
Weighing scale & measuring tape
Assess weight, BMI, and body
composition.
Height measuring rod
Determine stature and changes in
height.
Glucometer & strips Screen for diabetes.
Pulse oximeter Monitor oxygen saturation.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene during
examination.
Nutritional assessment tools (MNA – Mini Nutritional
Assessment, diet charts)
Evaluate dietary intake and
nutritional status.
Health education materials
Educate elderly on diet, exercise,
and lifestyle.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect detailed history (medical, medication,
functional, dietary, and social).
Identifies risk factors and health
problems.
Assess vital signs (BP, pulse, temperature, respiration,
oxygen saturation).
Detects deviations indicating disease
or complications.
Conduct physical examination (cardiovascular,
respiratory, musculoskeletal, neurological, skin).
Identifies physical health issues and
age-related changes.
Measure anthropometric parameters (weight, height,
BMI, waist circumference).
Evaluates nutritional status and risk
of obesity or malnutrition.
Screen for common chronic illnesses (diabetes,
hypertension, anemia).
Early detection allows timely
intervention.
Evaluate dietary intake, appetite, and eating habits
using diet charts or MNA tool.
Assesses nutritional adequacy and
identifies deficiencies.
Provide counseling on balanced diet, hydration,
exercise, and lifestyle modifications.
Promotes healthy aging and
functional independence.
Identify high-risk conditions and refer to specialists
(nutritionist, physician, physiotherapist) as needed.
Ensures comprehensive care for
complex health issues.
Document all findings, assessments, and interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and
facilitates follow-up.
Mental Health Screening Survey
Meaning
Mental health screening survey is a systematic process of assessing individuals or a
community for psychological well-being, identifying mental health issues, and detecting early
signs of mental disorders.
Purpose
Early identification of mental health problems.
Prevent progression of mental illness.
Promote mental well-being and resilience.
Facilitate timely referral to mental health professionals.
Provide baseline data for planning community mental health interventions.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Standardized screening tools (e.g., PHQ-9, GAD-7,
MINI, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale)
Assess depression, anxiety, and
psychological distress.
Questionnaires / forms Record responses for analysis.
Pens / pencils / clipboards Facilitate completion of forms.
Computers / tablets (if digital survey)
For electronic data collection and
scoring.
Private space / room
Ensures confidentiality and reduces
response bias.
Gloves & PPE (if needed for physical interaction)Maintain hygiene.
Health education materials
Provide information on coping
strategies and mental health resources.
Referral forms
Facilitate referral to mental health
services when needed.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify the target population or community
group for screening.
Ensures focused and relevant assessment.
Explain purpose, confidentiality, and
procedure to participants.
Encourages honest responses and informed
consent.
Collect demographic and basic health
information.
Provides context for interpretation of results.
Administer standardized mental health
screening tools/questionnaires.
Detects symptoms of depression, anxiety,
stress, or other mental health issues.
Observe for behavioral cues and emotional
distress during the survey.
Provides additional qualitative assessment.
Score and interpret responses according to Identifies individuals at risk or requiring
community for psychological well-being, identifying mental health issues, and detecting early
signs of mental disorders.
Purpose
Early identification of mental health problems.
Prevent progression of mental illness.
Promote mental well-being and resilience.
Facilitate timely referral to mental health professionals.
Provide baseline data for planning community mental health interventions.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Standardized screening tools (e.g., PHQ-9, GAD-7,
MINI, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale)
Assess depression, anxiety, and
psychological distress.
Questionnaires / forms Record responses for analysis.
Pens / pencils / clipboards Facilitate completion of forms.
Computers / tablets (if digital survey)
For electronic data collection and
scoring.
Private space / room
Ensures confidentiality and reduces
response bias.
Gloves & PPE (if needed for physical interaction)Maintain hygiene.
Health education materials
Provide information on coping
strategies and mental health resources.
Referral forms
Facilitate referral to mental health
services when needed.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Identify the target population or community
group for screening.
Ensures focused and relevant assessment.
Explain purpose, confidentiality, and
procedure to participants.
Encourages honest responses and informed
consent.
Collect demographic and basic health
information.
Provides context for interpretation of results.
Administer standardized mental health
screening tools/questionnaires.
Detects symptoms of depression, anxiety,
stress, or other mental health issues.
Observe for behavioral cues and emotional
distress during the survey.
Provides additional qualitative assessment.
Score and interpret responses according to Identifies individuals at risk or requiring
Procedure Rationale
standardized guidelines. further evaluation.
Provide feedback and basic psychoeducation
on coping strategies.
Promotes mental well-being and awareness.
Refer high-risk or symptomatic individuals to
mental health professionals.
Ensures timely intervention and treatment.
Document all findings, referrals, and
recommendations.
Maintains records for continuity of care and
program evaluation.
Analyze community-level data (if applicable)
to plan interventions.
Supports public health planning and
preventive strategies.
Group Project – Community Diagnosis
(Data Management)
Meaning
Community diagnosis involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data
about the health status, needs, and resources of a community to identify priority health
problems. Data management refers to the process of organizing, storing, and analyzing this
information for effective decision-making.
Purpose
Identify key health problems and determinants in a community.
Plan targeted interventions and health programs.
Monitor and evaluate community health trends over time.
Facilitate evidence-based decision-making.
Promote teamwork, research skills, and practical understanding of public health.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Questionnaires / survey formsCollect structured data from community members.
Computers / laptops Data entry, analysis, and storage.
Statistical software (Excel, SPSS, Epi
Info)
Analyze quantitative and qualitative data.
Pens, clipboards, and stationeryFacilitate data collection in the field.
Projector / flipcharts
Present findings and visual summaries to the group
or community.
Internet / research resourcesAccess secondary data and references.
Data storage devices (USB, external
hard drive)
Securely store collected data for backup and future
use.
standardized guidelines. further evaluation.
Provide feedback and basic psychoeducation
on coping strategies.
Promotes mental well-being and awareness.
Refer high-risk or symptomatic individuals to
mental health professionals.
Ensures timely intervention and treatment.
Document all findings, referrals, and
recommendations.
Maintains records for continuity of care and
program evaluation.
Analyze community-level data (if applicable)
to plan interventions.
Supports public health planning and
preventive strategies.
Group Project – Community Diagnosis
(Data Management)
Meaning
Community diagnosis involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data
about the health status, needs, and resources of a community to identify priority health
problems. Data management refers to the process of organizing, storing, and analyzing this
information for effective decision-making.
Purpose
Identify key health problems and determinants in a community.
Plan targeted interventions and health programs.
Monitor and evaluate community health trends over time.
Facilitate evidence-based decision-making.
Promote teamwork, research skills, and practical understanding of public health.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Questionnaires / survey formsCollect structured data from community members.
Computers / laptops Data entry, analysis, and storage.
Statistical software (Excel, SPSS, Epi
Info)
Analyze quantitative and qualitative data.
Pens, clipboards, and stationeryFacilitate data collection in the field.
Projector / flipcharts
Present findings and visual summaries to the group
or community.
Internet / research resourcesAccess secondary data and references.
Data storage devices (USB, external
hard drive)
Securely store collected data for backup and future
use.
Equipment Purpose
Maps / GPS devices
Identify geographical distribution of health
problems.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Form a project team and assign roles for data
collection, entry, and analysis.
Ensures efficient workflow and
responsibility sharing.
Define objectives and scope of the community
diagnosis.
Focuses efforts on relevant health
issues.
Design data collection tools (questionnaires,
interview guides, observation checklists).
Ensures systematic and comprehensive
data collection.
Collect primary data through surveys, interviews,
focus groups, or observation.
Gathers first-hand information about
community health.
Compile and organize the collected data
systematically.
Facilitates accurate analysis and
interpretation.
Enter data into a computer or statistical software for
analysis.
Enables efficient processing and reduces
errors.
Analyze data to identify key health problems,
trends, and risk factors.
Provides evidence for planning
interventions.
Present findings using tables, charts, and maps.
Communicates results clearly to
stakeholders.
Develop recommendations for interventions and
community health programs.
Guides evidence-based decision-
making.
Document all stages of the project including
methodology, findings, and conclusions.
Maintains record for reporting,
evaluation, and learning purposes.
Writing Report on Health Center Activity
Meaning
Writing a health center activity report involves systematically recording, summarizing, and
presenting the services, interventions, outcomes, and events conducted at a health center over
a specified period.
Purpose
Provide a clear account of health services delivered.
Monitor and evaluate performance of the health center.
Identify gaps and plan improvements in healthcare delivery.
Facilitate accountability and transparency to authorities and stakeholders.
Serve as a legal and administrative record.
Maps / GPS devices
Identify geographical distribution of health
problems.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Form a project team and assign roles for data
collection, entry, and analysis.
Ensures efficient workflow and
responsibility sharing.
Define objectives and scope of the community
diagnosis.
Focuses efforts on relevant health
issues.
Design data collection tools (questionnaires,
interview guides, observation checklists).
Ensures systematic and comprehensive
data collection.
Collect primary data through surveys, interviews,
focus groups, or observation.
Gathers first-hand information about
community health.
Compile and organize the collected data
systematically.
Facilitates accurate analysis and
interpretation.
Enter data into a computer or statistical software for
analysis.
Enables efficient processing and reduces
errors.
Analyze data to identify key health problems,
trends, and risk factors.
Provides evidence for planning
interventions.
Present findings using tables, charts, and maps.
Communicates results clearly to
stakeholders.
Develop recommendations for interventions and
community health programs.
Guides evidence-based decision-
making.
Document all stages of the project including
methodology, findings, and conclusions.
Maintains record for reporting,
evaluation, and learning purposes.
Writing Report on Health Center Activity
Meaning
Writing a health center activity report involves systematically recording, summarizing, and
presenting the services, interventions, outcomes, and events conducted at a health center over
a specified period.
Purpose
Provide a clear account of health services delivered.
Monitor and evaluate performance of the health center.
Identify gaps and plan improvements in healthcare delivery.
Facilitate accountability and transparency to authorities and stakeholders.
Serve as a legal and administrative record.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Computer / Laptop Drafting, editing, and formatting the report.
Printer Produce physical copies of the report if needed.
Pen, notepad, or clipboardRecord observations and notes during activities.
Attendance registers, patient
records
Source data on services provided, patient flow, and
interventions.
Statistical software (Excel, SPSS)
Compile and analyze data for presentation in tables or
charts.
Reference guidelines / reporting
formats
Ensure the report meets standard requirements.
Files / folders Organize and store supporting documents and evidence.
Projector / flipcharts
Optional, for presenting report summaries to staff or
stakeholders.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect data from health center records, registers, and
observation.
Ensures accuracy and
completeness of information.
Organize data according to type of services, patient
demographics, and time frame.
Facilitates systematic
presentation and analysis.
Summarize key activities (e.g., outpatient visits,
immunizations, health education sessions, screenings).
Highlights major achievements
and trends.
Analyze quantitative data and prepare tables, charts, or
graphs.
Improves clarity and enables
easy interpretation of results.
Include qualitative information (observations, challenges,
feedback).
Provides context and insight
into service quality.
Draft the report following a standard format (Introduction,
Objectives, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion,
Recommendations).
Maintains consistency and
readability.
Review and edit the report for accuracy, clarity, and
completeness.
Ensures quality and reliability
of documentation.
Submit the report to relevant authorities or stakeholders.
Facilitates accountability and
informed decision-making.
Maintain copies of the report and supporting documents.
Provides record for future
reference, audits, or
evaluations.
Participation in Under-Five Clinic
Meaning
Equipment Purpose
Computer / Laptop Drafting, editing, and formatting the report.
Printer Produce physical copies of the report if needed.
Pen, notepad, or clipboardRecord observations and notes during activities.
Attendance registers, patient
records
Source data on services provided, patient flow, and
interventions.
Statistical software (Excel, SPSS)
Compile and analyze data for presentation in tables or
charts.
Reference guidelines / reporting
formats
Ensure the report meets standard requirements.
Files / folders Organize and store supporting documents and evidence.
Projector / flipcharts
Optional, for presenting report summaries to staff or
stakeholders.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Collect data from health center records, registers, and
observation.
Ensures accuracy and
completeness of information.
Organize data according to type of services, patient
demographics, and time frame.
Facilitates systematic
presentation and analysis.
Summarize key activities (e.g., outpatient visits,
immunizations, health education sessions, screenings).
Highlights major achievements
and trends.
Analyze quantitative data and prepare tables, charts, or
graphs.
Improves clarity and enables
easy interpretation of results.
Include qualitative information (observations, challenges,
feedback).
Provides context and insight
into service quality.
Draft the report following a standard format (Introduction,
Objectives, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion,
Recommendations).
Maintains consistency and
readability.
Review and edit the report for accuracy, clarity, and
completeness.
Ensures quality and reliability
of documentation.
Submit the report to relevant authorities or stakeholders.
Facilitates accountability and
informed decision-making.
Maintain copies of the report and supporting documents.
Provides record for future
reference, audits, or
evaluations.
Participation in Under-Five Clinic
Meaning
Participation in an under-five clinic involves assisting in the organization, implementation,
and evaluation of preventive and promotive health services for children below five years,
including growth monitoring, immunization, and health education.
Purpose
Promote child health and development.
Early detection of growth, nutritional, and health problems.
Provide immunization and preventive services.
Educate caregivers on child care, nutrition, and hygiene.
Facilitate record-keeping and monitoring of child health indicators.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale & height board
Measure weight and height for growth
monitoring.
Immunization kits (vaccines, syringes, safety
boxes)
Provide routine vaccinations.
Thermometer Detect fever or illness.
Stethoscope
Assess general health and detect
abnormalities.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infections.
Growth charts & records Track child’s growth and vaccination status.
Health education materials (charts, pamphlets)Educate caregivers on nutrition and hygiene.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare clinic area, arrange equipment and
records.
Ensures organized and efficient service
delivery.
Greet children and caregivers; collect
demographic and health history.
Establishes rapport and provides baseline
data.
Measure weight, height, and plot growth on
charts.
Monitors child growth and identifies
malnutrition or stunting.
Conduct physical examination and identify
health issues.
Detects illness or developmental delays
early.
Administer vaccines according to schedule.
Provides preventive protection against
common diseases.
Educate caregivers on nutrition, hygiene, and
home care.
Promotes healthy practices and disease
prevention.
Record all assessments, immunizations, and
interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk children and refer to higher
centers if needed.
Ensures timely intervention for serious
conditions.
and evaluation of preventive and promotive health services for children below five years,
including growth monitoring, immunization, and health education.
Purpose
Promote child health and development.
Early detection of growth, nutritional, and health problems.
Provide immunization and preventive services.
Educate caregivers on child care, nutrition, and hygiene.
Facilitate record-keeping and monitoring of child health indicators.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Weighing scale & height board
Measure weight and height for growth
monitoring.
Immunization kits (vaccines, syringes, safety
boxes)
Provide routine vaccinations.
Thermometer Detect fever or illness.
Stethoscope
Assess general health and detect
abnormalities.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene and prevent infections.
Growth charts & records Track child’s growth and vaccination status.
Health education materials (charts, pamphlets)Educate caregivers on nutrition and hygiene.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare clinic area, arrange equipment and
records.
Ensures organized and efficient service
delivery.
Greet children and caregivers; collect
demographic and health history.
Establishes rapport and provides baseline
data.
Measure weight, height, and plot growth on
charts.
Monitors child growth and identifies
malnutrition or stunting.
Conduct physical examination and identify
health issues.
Detects illness or developmental delays
early.
Administer vaccines according to schedule.
Provides preventive protection against
common diseases.
Educate caregivers on nutrition, hygiene, and
home care.
Promotes healthy practices and disease
prevention.
Record all assessments, immunizations, and
interventions.
Maintains continuity of care and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk children and refer to higher
centers if needed.
Ensures timely intervention for serious
conditions.
2. Participation in Antenatal Clinic / Health
Camp
Meaning
Participation in antenatal clinics or health camps involves assisting in the planning,
organization, and delivery of preventive, promotive, and screening services for pregnant
women and the community.
Purpose
Promote maternal health and early detection of high-risk pregnancies.
Provide health education on pregnancy, nutrition, and hygiene.
Screen for common conditions like anemia, hypertension, and diabetes.
Facilitate continuity of care through documentation and follow-up.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus, thermometer,
stethoscope
Monitor maternal vital signs.
Weighing scale Track maternal weight gain.
Fetal Doppler / Pinard stethoscopeMonitor fetal heart rate.
Urine dipsticks Screen for proteinuria or infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene during examination.
Health education materials
Educate mothers on antenatal care, nutrition, and
danger signs.
Registration forms / ANC cardsDocument assessments, tests, and follow-up plans.
Basic lab kits (hemoglobin, blood
sugar)
Screen for common maternal conditions.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare clinic/camp area and arrange necessary
equipment and forms.
Ensures organized service delivery.
Register pregnant women and collect demographic and
obstetric history.
Provides baseline data for
monitoring.
Measure vital signs, weight, and assess general health.
Detects abnormalities early for
intervention.
Assess fetal heart rate and fundal height.
Monitors fetal growth and well-
being.
Conduct basic lab tests (hemoglobin, blood sugar,
urine analysis).
Detects anemia, diabetes, or infection
early.
Provide health education on nutrition, danger signs,
and self-care.
Promotes maternal and fetal health.
Camp
Meaning
Participation in antenatal clinics or health camps involves assisting in the planning,
organization, and delivery of preventive, promotive, and screening services for pregnant
women and the community.
Purpose
Promote maternal health and early detection of high-risk pregnancies.
Provide health education on pregnancy, nutrition, and hygiene.
Screen for common conditions like anemia, hypertension, and diabetes.
Facilitate continuity of care through documentation and follow-up.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
BP apparatus, thermometer,
stethoscope
Monitor maternal vital signs.
Weighing scale Track maternal weight gain.
Fetal Doppler / Pinard stethoscopeMonitor fetal heart rate.
Urine dipsticks Screen for proteinuria or infections.
Gloves & PPE Maintain hygiene during examination.
Health education materials
Educate mothers on antenatal care, nutrition, and
danger signs.
Registration forms / ANC cardsDocument assessments, tests, and follow-up plans.
Basic lab kits (hemoglobin, blood
sugar)
Screen for common maternal conditions.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Prepare clinic/camp area and arrange necessary
equipment and forms.
Ensures organized service delivery.
Register pregnant women and collect demographic and
obstetric history.
Provides baseline data for
monitoring.
Measure vital signs, weight, and assess general health.
Detects abnormalities early for
intervention.
Assess fetal heart rate and fundal height.
Monitors fetal growth and well-
being.
Conduct basic lab tests (hemoglobin, blood sugar,
urine analysis).
Detects anemia, diabetes, or infection
early.
Provide health education on nutrition, danger signs,
and self-care.
Promotes maternal and fetal health.
Procedure Rationale
Record all findings, interventions, and education
provided.
Maintains continuity and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk pregnancies and refer to higher
centers.
Ensures timely management of
complications.
Participation in Disaster Mock Drills
Meaning
Disaster mock drills are planned simulations of emergency situations, such as natural
disasters or mass-casualty events, conducted to train healthcare personnel, community
members, and responders in effective emergency response and coordination.
Purpose
Prepare healthcare workers and communities for real-life disasters.
Test emergency response plans, coordination, and communication.
Identify gaps in knowledge, resources, and preparedness.
Promote rapid, safe, and efficient management of casualties.
Improve decision-making, teamwork, and practical skills during emergencies.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
First aid kits
Provide simulated emergency care to
“injured” victims.
Stretchers / wheelchairs Practice safe patient transport.
PPE (gloves, masks, gowns, helmets)Protect participants during drills.
Mannequins or dummies Simulate casualties for practice.
Communication devices (walkie-talkies,
phones)
Test coordination and communication.
Mock disaster supplies (water, sandbags,
simulated debris)
Create realistic disaster scenarios.
Checklists / evaluation forms
Assess performance and adherence to
protocols.
Triage tags / labels Teach and practice patient prioritization.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the drill, define objectives, roles, and Ensures clarity, organization, and focused
Record all findings, interventions, and education
provided.
Maintains continuity and legal
documentation.
Identify high-risk pregnancies and refer to higher
centers.
Ensures timely management of
complications.
Participation in Disaster Mock Drills
Meaning
Disaster mock drills are planned simulations of emergency situations, such as natural
disasters or mass-casualty events, conducted to train healthcare personnel, community
members, and responders in effective emergency response and coordination.
Purpose
Prepare healthcare workers and communities for real-life disasters.
Test emergency response plans, coordination, and communication.
Identify gaps in knowledge, resources, and preparedness.
Promote rapid, safe, and efficient management of casualties.
Improve decision-making, teamwork, and practical skills during emergencies.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
First aid kits
Provide simulated emergency care to
“injured” victims.
Stretchers / wheelchairs Practice safe patient transport.
PPE (gloves, masks, gowns, helmets)Protect participants during drills.
Mannequins or dummies Simulate casualties for practice.
Communication devices (walkie-talkies,
phones)
Test coordination and communication.
Mock disaster supplies (water, sandbags,
simulated debris)
Create realistic disaster scenarios.
Checklists / evaluation forms
Assess performance and adherence to
protocols.
Triage tags / labels Teach and practice patient prioritization.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Plan the drill, define objectives, roles, and Ensures clarity, organization, and focused
Procedure Rationale
disaster scenario. training.
Brief participants on drill objectives, safety
measures, and evaluation criteria.
Prepares participants and ensures safety.
Set up the mock disaster site with simulated
casualties and environmental conditions.
Creates realistic practice environment.
Conduct the drill, including triage, first aid,
evacuation, and coordination.
Provides hands-on experience and skill
practice.
Use communication devices to coordinate
between teams.
Tests communication and teamwork under
stress.
Observe and evaluate participant performance
using checklists and criteria.
Identifies strengths and areas for
improvement.
Conduct debriefing session to discuss
performance, challenges, and lessons learned.
Reinforces learning and improves
preparedness.
Document the drill, participant involvement,
outcomes, and recommendations.
Maintains record for accountability, future
planning, and quality improvement.
Field Visits
1. Biomedical Waste Management Site
Meaning
A field visit to a biomedical waste management site involves observing and understanding
the proper segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste.
Purpose
Learn safe handling and disposal of biomedical waste.
Understand regulatory and environmental standards.
Observe practical waste management techniques in healthcare settings.
Promote infection control and environmental safety.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Gloves, aprons, masksProtect participants from infectious material.
Notepad / pen Record observations and data.
Camera (optional)Document procedures for report/presentation.
Observation checklistEnsure systematic assessment of site operations.
Protective footwearMaintain safety on site.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on safety precautions and Ensures safety and clarity of learning.
disaster scenario. training.
Brief participants on drill objectives, safety
measures, and evaluation criteria.
Prepares participants and ensures safety.
Set up the mock disaster site with simulated
casualties and environmental conditions.
Creates realistic practice environment.
Conduct the drill, including triage, first aid,
evacuation, and coordination.
Provides hands-on experience and skill
practice.
Use communication devices to coordinate
between teams.
Tests communication and teamwork under
stress.
Observe and evaluate participant performance
using checklists and criteria.
Identifies strengths and areas for
improvement.
Conduct debriefing session to discuss
performance, challenges, and lessons learned.
Reinforces learning and improves
preparedness.
Document the drill, participant involvement,
outcomes, and recommendations.
Maintains record for accountability, future
planning, and quality improvement.
Field Visits
1. Biomedical Waste Management Site
Meaning
A field visit to a biomedical waste management site involves observing and understanding
the proper segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste.
Purpose
Learn safe handling and disposal of biomedical waste.
Understand regulatory and environmental standards.
Observe practical waste management techniques in healthcare settings.
Promote infection control and environmental safety.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Gloves, aprons, masksProtect participants from infectious material.
Notepad / pen Record observations and data.
Camera (optional)Document procedures for report/presentation.
Observation checklistEnsure systematic assessment of site operations.
Protective footwearMaintain safety on site.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on safety precautions and Ensures safety and clarity of learning.
Procedure Rationale
objectives.
Observe segregation of biomedical waste at
source.
Understand proper classification and disposal
practices.
Monitor collection, storage, transportation,
and disposal methods.
Learn practical implementation of biomedical
waste management.
Interact with site staff for clarifications.Gain practical insights and knowledge.
Record observations systematically.Maintain accurate data for report and learning.
Debrief and discuss findings with group.Reinforces learning and identifies gaps.
2. AYUSH Center
Meaning
A field visit to an AYUSH center involves studying traditional systems of medicine
(Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy) and observing their healthcare practices.
Purpose
Understand alternative and complementary healthcare systems.
Learn about preventive, promotive, and therapeutic interventions.
Observe patient management and health education practices.
Integrate knowledge of AYUSH in community health promotion.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Notepad / pen Record observations and patient management details.
Camera (if permitted)Document procedures for report or presentation.
Educational brochuresUnderstand treatment methods and practices.
Gloves / PPE Maintain hygiene during observation or hands-on demonstrations.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants about objectives and etiquette.Ensures respectful and purposeful visit.
Observe patient registration, consultation, and
treatment processes.
Understand workflow and patient
management.
Interact with practitioners for explanations of
therapies and medications.
Gain insights into principles and
applications.
Note preventive, promotive, and curative practices.
Enhances understanding of community-
oriented care.
Document findings systematically. For academic reporting and reflection.
Discuss observations and key learnings with group.
Reinforces understanding and identifies
learning points.
objectives.
Observe segregation of biomedical waste at
source.
Understand proper classification and disposal
practices.
Monitor collection, storage, transportation,
and disposal methods.
Learn practical implementation of biomedical
waste management.
Interact with site staff for clarifications.Gain practical insights and knowledge.
Record observations systematically.Maintain accurate data for report and learning.
Debrief and discuss findings with group.Reinforces learning and identifies gaps.
2. AYUSH Center
Meaning
A field visit to an AYUSH center involves studying traditional systems of medicine
(Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy) and observing their healthcare practices.
Purpose
Understand alternative and complementary healthcare systems.
Learn about preventive, promotive, and therapeutic interventions.
Observe patient management and health education practices.
Integrate knowledge of AYUSH in community health promotion.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Notepad / pen Record observations and patient management details.
Camera (if permitted)Document procedures for report or presentation.
Educational brochuresUnderstand treatment methods and practices.
Gloves / PPE Maintain hygiene during observation or hands-on demonstrations.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants about objectives and etiquette.Ensures respectful and purposeful visit.
Observe patient registration, consultation, and
treatment processes.
Understand workflow and patient
management.
Interact with practitioners for explanations of
therapies and medications.
Gain insights into principles and
applications.
Note preventive, promotive, and curative practices.
Enhances understanding of community-
oriented care.
Document findings systematically. For academic reporting and reflection.
Discuss observations and key learnings with group.
Reinforces understanding and identifies
learning points.
3. Industry
Meaning
A field visit to an industry involves observing occupational health practices, workplace
safety, ergonomics, and employee health monitoring systems.
Purpose
Learn about occupational health hazards and safety measures.
Observe industrial hygiene practices.
Understand employee health monitoring and preventive strategies.
Identify risk factors for workplace-related illnesses.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes,
masks)
Protect participants during industrial observation.
Notepad / pen Record observations systematically.
Camera (if permitted) Document workplace safety measures.
Observation checklist
Ensure structured assessment of occupational health
practices.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on safety rules and objectives.Ensures participant safety and clarity.
Observe workplace layout, safety signage, and hazard
control measures.
Learn practical industrial hygiene
measures.
Monitor employee health and safety practices
(ergonomics, protective equipment).
Understand preventive strategies for
occupational health.
Interact with occupational health staff for
explanations.
Gain insight into health monitoring
and risk management.
Record observations systematically.
Maintain accurate information for
reporting and analysis.
Discuss findings and recommendations with group.
Reinforces learning and critical
evaluation.
4. Geriatric Home
Meaning
A field visit to a geriatric home involves observing care practices, health monitoring, and
support systems for elderly residents.
Meaning
A field visit to an industry involves observing occupational health practices, workplace
safety, ergonomics, and employee health monitoring systems.
Purpose
Learn about occupational health hazards and safety measures.
Observe industrial hygiene practices.
Understand employee health monitoring and preventive strategies.
Identify risk factors for workplace-related illnesses.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
PPE (helmet, gloves, safety shoes,
masks)
Protect participants during industrial observation.
Notepad / pen Record observations systematically.
Camera (if permitted) Document workplace safety measures.
Observation checklist
Ensure structured assessment of occupational health
practices.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on safety rules and objectives.Ensures participant safety and clarity.
Observe workplace layout, safety signage, and hazard
control measures.
Learn practical industrial hygiene
measures.
Monitor employee health and safety practices
(ergonomics, protective equipment).
Understand preventive strategies for
occupational health.
Interact with occupational health staff for
explanations.
Gain insight into health monitoring
and risk management.
Record observations systematically.
Maintain accurate information for
reporting and analysis.
Discuss findings and recommendations with group.
Reinforces learning and critical
evaluation.
4. Geriatric Home
Meaning
A field visit to a geriatric home involves observing care practices, health monitoring, and
support systems for elderly residents.
Purpose
Understand elderly care practices in institutional settings.
Observe physical, emotional, and social support provided to residents.
Learn about common geriatric health problems and management.
Promote awareness of aging-related health and social needs.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Notepad / pen
Record observations on care practices and
health status.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene when interacting with
residents.
Health assessment tools (BP apparatus,
thermometer)
Observe monitoring of residents’ health.
Camera (if permitted)
Document environment and care practices for
report.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on objectives, safety, and etiquette.
Ensures respectful and focused
observation.
Observe daily routines, feeding, medication
administration, and personal care.
Understand practical elderly care
practices.
Interact with staff and residents for explanations and
feedback.
Gain insight into care strategies and
challenges.
Assess environment for safety, accessibility, and
comfort.
Evaluates quality of institutional
care.
Record all observations systematically.
Provides data for academic reporting
and reflection.
Debrief with group to discuss learnings and
recommendations.
Reinforces understanding and critical
thinking.
Understand elderly care practices in institutional settings.
Observe physical, emotional, and social support provided to residents.
Learn about common geriatric health problems and management.
Promote awareness of aging-related health and social needs.
Equipment & Purpose
Equipment Purpose
Notepad / pen
Record observations on care practices and
health status.
Gloves & PPE
Maintain hygiene when interacting with
residents.
Health assessment tools (BP apparatus,
thermometer)
Observe monitoring of residents’ health.
Camera (if permitted)
Document environment and care practices for
report.
Procedure (Two-Column Table)
Procedure Rationale
Brief participants on objectives, safety, and etiquette.
Ensures respectful and focused
observation.
Observe daily routines, feeding, medication
administration, and personal care.
Understand practical elderly care
practices.
Interact with staff and residents for explanations and
feedback.
Gain insight into care strategies and
challenges.
Assess environment for safety, accessibility, and
comfort.
Evaluates quality of institutional
care.
Record all observations systematically.
Provides data for academic reporting
and reflection.
Debrief with group to discuss learnings and
recommendations.
Reinforces understanding and critical
thinking.
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