Compare and Contrast First and Second Language Acquisition

Power Point Second Language Acquisition Bidang Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu (13 November 2016)

1. Compar ing and Contrasting First and Second Language Acquisition By : ISNA DWI SETIANINGSIH

2. Introduction Many characteristics of L2 acquisition were highlighted by studies conducted on the issue Interlanguage. Interlanguage theory was developed in the 1970s and 1980s to emphasize the dynamic qualities of language change that make the interlanguage a unique system

3. Interlanguage have some common characteristics with L1 acquisition . Because both share similiar developmental sequences. Some of the characteristics of L2 acquisition show similar with L1 acquisition . Whereas others other show differences.

4. Differences in First and Second Language Acquisition NO FEATURE L1 ACQUISITION L2 ACQUISITION 1 Overall Succes Children normally achieve perfect L1 mastery Adult L2 learners are unlikely to achieve perfect L2 mastery 2 Generall Failure Succes guaranteed Complete succes rare 3 Variation Little variation in degree of succes or route L2 learners vary in overall succes and route 4 Goals Target language competence L2 learners may be content with less than target language competence or more concerned with fluency than accuracy 5 Instruction Not needed Helpful or necessary 6 Negative Evidence Correction not found and not necessary Correction generally helpful or necessary 7 Affective Factors Not involved Play a major role determining proficiency

5. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION THEORIES

6. What is First Language Acquisition? U sually refers to first - language acquisition , which studies infants' acquisition of their native language . This is distinguished from second- language acquisition , which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.

7. What is Second Language Acquisition? (often abbreviated to SLA) is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process. The field of second - language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics, but also receives research attention from a variety of other disciplines, such as psychology and education.

8. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR PREDICTABLE STAGE MAKING ERROR = PART OF LEARNING USES CONTACT CLUES AGE COMPREHENSION SIMILARITIES

9. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON In both first and second language acquisition, universal grammar may influence learning.  In second language learning, universal grammar may influence learning either independently or through the first language. In both first and second language acquisition, there are predictable stages, and particular structures are acquired in a set order.  Individuals may move more slowly or quickly through these stages, but they cannot skip ahead.

10. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON In both first and second language acquisition, making errors is a part of learning.  Learners need to make and test hypotheses about language to build an internal representation of the language.  In the initial stages of learning, learners may use chunks of language without breaking them down or processing them as independent units.  In later stages, they may make new errors as they begin to process the parts of each chunk according to the rules of their language system.  For example, a learner may start out using the correct form of an irregular verb as part of a language chunk, but later overgeneralize and place a regular affix on that same verb.

11. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON In both first and second language acquisition, the learner uses context clues, prior knowledge, and interaction to comprehend language. In both first and second language acquisition, age is an important variable affecting proficiency.  In both first and second language acquisition, learners can often comprehend more complex language than they are able to produce.  In the initial stages of learning, learners go through a silent period. 

12. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITON In both first and second language acquisition, a learner's proficiency can vary across situations. In both first and second language acquisition, learners may overgeneralize vocabulary or rules, using them in contexts broader than those in which they should be used. In both first and second language acquisition, learners need comprehensible input and opportunities to learn language in context in order to increase their proficiency.

13. Conclusion L1 and L2 acquisition are quite complicated processes. To understand these processes will enable the language teacher to be more sensitive to the factors involved. While L1 and L2 acquisition reveal some similarities, they also show differences. The teacher should understand that the phenomena in L1 and L2 acquisition are interacting, none of them being solely explanatory. So, teachers should not base their teaching on just a single claim or factor involved in language acquisition. They should rather understand, analyze, synthesize and even criticize before trying to implement any of the suggestions made for teaching