composition of ordinary portland cement (OPC) PPT(2).pptx

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1. 普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）的成分 GROUP MEMBERS 迈克尔 234818016 哈博 234818020 林力 234818012 GROUP ONE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION THE COMPOSITION OF ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC) END TITLE

2. TITLE END Outline of Presentation Introduction Compound for OPC Functions of OPC The Differences & Features between the Mineral Components Advantages & Disadvantages of OPC Conclusions Typical Mineral Composition & the General Percentages Literature Studies

3. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY TITLE END OPC is a binding material derived by fine crushing of Portland clinkers with a small quantity of gypsum for adjusting the setting time and forbidding flash setting. Notably, the major component of OPC is lime which makes up around 67 percent of the composition. Ordinary Portland cement is one of the most widely used type of Cement. Types, properties, constituents, manufacture, uses and advantages of Ordinary Portland Cement is discussed. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin gave the name as Portland cement as it has similarity in colour and quality found in Portland stone, which is a white grey limestone in island of Portland, Dorset.

4. TITLE END Jeffrey et al (2020 ) Posits that, the influence of clinker chemistry on the performance of OPC blended with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The findings suggest that clinker composition significantly affects the synergistic interactions between SCMs and OPC, impacting strength development and hydration characteristics. This study, led by Professor Jeffrey Bullard, investigated the influence of clinker mineralogy on the hydration and performance of OPC. The findings demonstrate that the composition and crystal structure of clinker minerals significantly affect the hydration reactions and strength development of OPC LITERATURE REVIEW & STUDIES Karen et al 2023 Bentz et al (2022) This study, conducted by Professor David Bentz and his team, explored the impact of SCMs, such as fly ash and slag, on the hydration and performance of OPC. The results indicate that SCMs can modify the hydration kinetics and microstructure of OPC, leading to improved durability and reduced environmental impact.

5. TITLE END Compound for OPC Main Compounds and Their Functions

6. TITLE END Main Compounds and Their Functions 1. Tricalcium Silicate (C3S): C3S, also known as alite, It is the primary constituent of OPC, plays a crucial role in determining the properties and performance of cementitious materials. FUNCTIONS Early Strength Development : C3S is the main contributor to the early strength development of OPC. Its rapid hydration reaction with water leads to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, the primary binding phase in hardened cement paste. High Early Heat of Hydration : C3S hydration generates a significant amount of heat, which contributes to the early setting and hardening of concrete. Affects Sulfate Resistance : C3S is more susceptible to sulfate attack than other cementitious compounds

7. TITLE END Main Compounds and Their Functions 2.Dicalcium Silicate (C2S): C2S, also known as belite , constitutes around 15-30% of OPC. C2S is the second most abundant mineral in ordinary Portland cement (OPC), plays a crucial role in the long-term performance and durability of cementitious materials. FUNCTIONS Contributes to Long-Term Strength: C2S hydrates slowly, contributing to the long-term strength development of concrete. Enhances Durability : C2S enhances the durability of concrete by improving its resistance to chemical attack, particularly sulfate attack. Its slower hydration rate also reduces the risk of early-age cracking due to heat generation. Provides Volume Stability : C2S contributes to the volume stability of concrete, reducing the potential for shrinkage and cracking

8. TITLE END Main Compounds and Their Functions 3. Tricalcium Aluminate (C3A): Tricalcium aluminate (C3A), a minor but essential component of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), plays a crucial role in the early hydration reactions and setting behavior of cementitious materials . FUNCTIONS Early Hydration and Setting: C3A is the most reactive compound in OPC, hydrating rapidly upon contact with water. Influences Workability : The rapid hydration of C3A can affect the workability of fresh concrete. Sulfate Resistance: C3A is susceptible to sulfate attack, which can cause expansion and cracking of concrete.

9. TITLE END Main Compounds and Their Functions 4. Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite (C4AF): Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), a minor but essential component of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), contributes to the overall properties and performance of cementitious materials . FUNCTIONS Contributes to Color: C4AF imparts the characteristic grayish color to cement and concrete. Its hydration products, primarily calcium aluminate ferrite hydrates, influence the overall appearance of the hardened material. Contributes to Long-Term Strength : C4AF continues to hydrate over time, contributing to the long-term strength development of concrete. Moderates Heat of Hydration: C4AF hydrates at a slower rate compared to C3A, helping to moderate the overall heat of hydration.

10. Four Typical Mineral Compositions in Clinker and their Percentages TITLE END

11. TITLE END Typical mineral compositions The four typical mineral compositions in clinker, along with their general percentages, are as follows: Tricalcium silicate (C3S): 50-70% Dicalcium silicate (C2S): 15-30% Tricalcium aluminate (C3A): 5-10% Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF): 5-15%

12. TITLE END Mineral Components Differences and Features of the Four Mineral Components

13. Tricalcium Silicate (C3S): The primary contributor to early strength development due to its rapid hydration. Generates a significant amount of heat during hydration, beneficial in cold weather concreting. Moderately susceptible to sulfate attack. Dicalcium Silicate (C2S): Contributes to long-term strength development due to its slow and steady hydration. Enhances durability by improving resistance to chemical attack and reducing early-age cracking. Provides volume stability, reducing shrinkage and cracking Tricalcium Aluminate (C3A): Responsible for early hydration reactions and setting behavior. Excessive C3A content can affect workability and lead to rapid setting. Generates a significant amount of heat, which can cause thermal cracking in mass concrete. Highly susceptible to sulfate attack, requiring additional measures for sulfate resistance. Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite (C4AF): Imparts the characteristic grayish color to cement and concrete. Participates in early hydration reactions, contributing to initial setting and hardening. Moderates the overall heat of hydration, reducing the risk of thermal cracking. Less susceptible to sulfate attack compared to C3A, improving overall sulfate resistance. Contributes to long-term strength development through its hydration products.

14. Uses of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete Production: Foundations, footings, and slabs Structural elements (beams, columns, walls) Pavements, sidewalks, curbs Precast concrete elements Concrete pipes and culverts Mortar and Grout: Bonding bricks, blocks, and masonry units Filling voids and providing structural integrity Stucco and Plaster: Durable exterior wall covering (stucco) Smooth interior wall finish (plaster)

15. TITLE END Uses of Ordinary Portland Cement Repair and Restoration: Patching concrete structures Filling cracks Restoring damaged masonry Specialty Cementitious Products : Self-leveling compounds Tile adhesives and grouts

16. TITLE END Advantages of OPC Advantages of Ordinary Portland Cement It has great resistance to cracking and shrinkage but has less resistance to chemical attacks. Initial setting time of OPC is faster than PPC so it is recommended in projects where props are to be removed early. Curing period of OPC is less than PPC and curing cost reduces. Hence recommended where curing cost prohibitive.

17. TITLE END Disadvantages of OPC Disa dvantages of Ordinary Portland Cement It cannot be used for mass concreting as it has high heat of hydration as compared to PPC. The durability of concrete made using OPC is less than that of the concrete made using PPC. It produces comparatively less cohesive concrete than PPC, hence concrete pumping becomes a little difficult. OPC has lower fineness, hence has higher permeability and as a result it has lower durability. OPC is costlier than PPC.

18. CONCLUSIONS Portland cement is a complex product obtained from unprocessed common natural materials: limestone and clay. Consequently, the characteristics of Portland cement clinker may vary from one cement plant to another. To limit the variations of the technological properties of Portland cement, acceptance standards have been developed, but presently these standards are not satisfactory for the whole concrete market. Low w/c cements are increasingly used; these concretes are made using large dosage of superplasticizers to disperse cement particles. It is therefore urgent for the cement industry to produce a clinker that will facilitate the production of the low w/c concretes that are more sustainable than normal-strength concretes. TITLE END

19. TITLE END REFERENCES Taylor, H. F. W. (1997). Cement chemistry (2nd ed.). Thomas Telford. Hewlett, P. C. (Ed.). (2003). Lea's chemistry of cement and concrete (4th ed.). Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Neville, A. M. (2011). Properties of concrete (5th ed.). Pearson Education. Scrivener, K. L., Lothenbach, B., De Belie, N., Gruyaert, E., & Skibsted, J. Construction and Building Materials (2023) Bullard, J. W., Jennings, H. M., & Livingston, R. A. Cement and Concrete Composites (2020) Bentz, D. P., Ferraris, C. F., & Snyder, K. A. Cement and Concrete Research (2022) 7. Kosmatka, S. H., Kerkhoff, B., & Panarese, W. C. (2002). Design and control of concrete mixtures (14th ed.). Portland Cement Association.