Comprehension Viva_PravallikaChandu_2303c50145.pptx

C programming

1. Under the Supervision of Supervisor name Professor Dr. R Vijaya Prakash Department of CSE School of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Presented for Comprehension Viva Date: 15-July-2024 Blockchain in Healthcare Candidate name Register No Name 2303C50245 Kore Ramesh Members Internal Expert External Expert Dr. Premkumar Chithaluru Dr. Aglave Supriya Babasaheb Chairperson Dr . P. Praveen

2. Outline of the Presentation S. No Topic 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Outcome of course work 4 Literature Review Summary 5 Learning and knowledge gathered 6 Conclusions 7 References

3. Abstract (Blockchain in HealthCare : Protecting Privacy, Securing patient data and ensuring Medical Supplychain Integrity) The healthcare industry faces significant challenges in securing patient data, protecting privacy, and ensuring the integrity of the medical supply chain. Traditional systems often fall short in providing the necessary security and transparency, especially with the rise of cyber threats and logistical disruptions. This study explores the potential of blockchain technology as a robust solution to these critical issues. The core features of blockchain—decentralization, immutability, and transparency—offer promising enhancements to the security and efficiency of healthcare operations. This report investigates the practical applications of blockchain in safeguarding patient data and optimizing supply chain processes, providing actionable insights and recommendations for healthcare stakeholders.

4. Introduction In the evolving healthcare sector, ensuring the integrity of patient data and the reliability of the medical supply chain is crucial for patient safety and trust. The rise in cyber threats and concerns about supply chain integrity highlight the need for robust solutions. Blockchain technology, with its decentralization, immutability, and transparency, offers innovative solutions for these issues. It can revolutionize patient data protection and medical supply tracking, yet its application in healthcare remains underexplored. This study explores how blockchain can enhance data protection and supply chain integrity in healthcare, aiming to improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency. The findings could guide healthcare providers and policymakers in integrating blockchain technology.

5. Outcome of course work – RMPE ( RMPE equips me with the knowledge and skills to conduct impactful research in BCT ) RMPE Course helped me to build a Strong Foundation Focused Research Problem: Defined a clear research direction through problem formulation and literature review. Systematic Literature Review (PRISMA): Leverage existing knowledge and identify research gaps. Ethical Conduct: Upholding scientific integrity for credible and reliable research. Data & AI Expertise: Learned data analysis techniques and the potential of Blockchain applications in Healthcare. Knowledge Dissemination: Open Access strategies and best practices let me share research findings with a broader audience. Effective Communication: Prepared to write a well-structured thesis and deliver impactful presentations. Protect Your Innovations: Gained an understanding of Intellectual Property Rights.

6. Outcome of course work - ADSA ADSA course is beneficial for research in several ways: Choosing Efficient Blockchain Data Structure Designing Cryptographic Algorithms Analysing Existing Algorithms In the last six months of my course work, I have gained knowledge in: Advanced Algorithm Techniques Research-Specific Algorithms Analysis of Research Algorithms

7. Outcome of course work – Blockchain Technology Coursera Specialization: Blockchain Technology Key Learnings: Blockchain Fundamentals Cryptography and Security Decentralized Application ( Dapps ) Smart Contracts Blockchain Platforms Benefits for BCT in Healthcare Research: Explored Advanced Architectures for BCT Can build Practical Blockchain Applications Past 6 Months Research: Deep Dive into BCT in Healthcare Following Latest Research on Blockchain Frameworks Outcome: Strong foundation for impactful research in BCT Frameworks.

8. Literature Review Summary statement Out of a vast collection of research papers on Blockchain Technology in Healthcare available in the Scispace , the following 12 relevant papers on the topic of interest were chosen for review and meticulously examined to gain a comprehensive understanding of the field. These papers explored various approaches, techniques, and applications of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare , offering valuable insights into its strengths and limitations. S No Paper Title (Author Name, Year) Methods Used Insights Results Limitations Conclusions 1 Role of Incentives in the Use of Blockchain-Based Platforms for Sharing Sensitive Health Data: Experimental Study ( Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh , 2023) Conducted 3 experiments with 493 individuals Blockchain for health data sharing, incentives not effective. Users need education on technology benefits before incentives. Extrinsic incentives insufficient to encourage blockchain technology use. Users attribute serious risks to blockchain-based platforms. Privacy, security concerns, trust issues, lack of knowledge, regulations. Extrinsic incentives insufficient to change perceptions or increase trust. Educating users on benefits of blockchain technology is essential. 2 Fortified-Chain 2.0: Intelligent Blockchain for Decentralized Smart Healthcare System (Bhaskara S. Egala, 2023) Blockchain-based selective sharing mechanism with mutual authentication Fortified-Chain 2.0 utilizes blockchain for decentralized smart healthcare, ensuring privacy, securing patient data, and maintaining medical supply chain integrity through selective sharing and mutual authentication mechanisms. Fortified-Chain 2.0 outperformed the existing Fortified-Chain. It improved system-level transparency, integrity, and traceability. Limited computational and storage capacity of IoMT devices. Reliance on centralized processing and storage systems. Proposed Fortified-Chain 2.0 improves latency, throughput, and availability.

9. Continued.., S No Paper Title (Author Name, Year) Methods Used Insights Results Limitations Conclusions 3 Secure data sharing with blockchain for remote health monitoring applications: a review (Venkatesh Upadrista, 2023) Blockchain-based RHM systems across private and public blockchains Blockchain ensures privacy, secures patient data, and maintains medical supply chain integrity in healthcare by leveraging decentralization, immutability, and transparency features to address security and privacy challenges effectively. Public blockchains have limitations, while private blockchains can address security and privacy concerns. Private blockchains have a single-point-of-failure that needs to be addressed. Public blockchains have several limitations in terms of security and privacy. Private blockchains have a single-point-of-failure that needs to be addressed. Blockchain-based solutions in RHM systems address security and integrity challenges. Private blockchain models can overcome security and privacy concerns in RHM. 4 Blockchain-based privacy and security preserving in electronic health: a systematic review (Kianoush Kiania, 2023) Systematic literature review (SLR) Blockchain ensures privacy, secures patient data, and maintains medical supply chain integrity in healthcare by utilizing encryption, decentralization, and secure data sharing mechanisms, as highlighted in the systematic review. 51 papers reviewed on Blockchain-based approaches for improving privacy and security in electronic health systems. Non-use of conference papers. Defects found in some papers (e.g., unclear selection process, unspecified evaluation tools). Blockchain technology ensures privacy and security in EHR systems. The paper discusses future research directions and challenges. 5 Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review (Humaira Saeed, 2022) Systematic literature review (SLR) method Blockchain technology in healthcare enhances data security, ensures patient privacy, and maintains medical supply chain integrity through access control, data protection, and regulatory compliance, as highlighted in the systematic review. - - Future research can address critical health dilemmas using BCT.

10. Continued.., S No Paper Title (Author Name, Year) Methods Used Insights Results Limitations Conclusions 6 Blockchain Integration With Digital Technology and the Future of Health Care Ecosystems: Systematic Review (Hanaa A. Fatoum, 2021) Literature sources included PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane library Blockchain ensures privacy, secures patient data, and maintains medical supply chain integrity in healthcare ecosystems by offering decentralized, secure, and reliable data management systems. - - Blockchain has promising applications in clinical trial management, EHRs, patient-centered interoperability, and remote patient monitoring. 7 Systematic Review on AI-Blockchain Based E-Healthcare Records Management Systems (2022) Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Blockchain in healthcare enhances privacy, secures patient data, and ensures medical supply chain integrity by providing decentralization, security, and immutability to electronic health records. - - EHRs are vulnerable to power failures, data misuse, and lack of privacy. Blockchain and AI can enhance EHR management and security. 8 Application of Hyperledger in the Hospital Information Systems: A Survey (Zeqi Leng, 2021) Manual filtering of 222 articles related to Hyperledger Hyperledger in Hospital Information Systems ensures data integrity, privacy, and security through permission management, access control, and traceability, benefiting medical supply chain integrity and patient data protection. - - The paper analyzes and compares various applications of Hyperledger in healthcare. 9 Fortified-Chain: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Security and Privacy-Assured Internet of Medical Things With Effective Access Control (Bhaskara S. Egala, 2021) Hybrid computing paradigm with blockchain-based distributed data storage system Fortified-Chain proposes a blockchain framework for IoMT, ensuring decentralized EHR, secure access control, and patient data privacy, enhancing healthcare system integrity without compromising security. - - Decentralized EHR and smart-contract-based service automation.

11. Continued.., S No Paper Title (Author Name, Year) Methods Used Insights Results Limitations Conclusions 10 Addressing Counterfeiting and Fraud Concerns in Healthcare Packaging and Labeling with Blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges (A. Pesqueira, 2024) Systematic review Blockchain technology shows remarkable potential to improve traceability and optimize supply chain management within healthcare organizations. The study includes a deep analysis of blockchain capabilities, including smart contracts, identity management, access control, and zero-knowledge proofing. Operational constraints such as temperature, humidity, and air quality. Managing numerous records in international trade transactions. BT shows remarkable potential to improve traceability and optimize supply chain management within healthcare organizations. 11 Significance of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector (S L S Sri Harsha, 2023) Discussion on various blockchain applications in healthcare Several existing blockchain technologies are being used or tested in the healthcare system for secure storage and sharing of electronic medical records and tracking the supply chain of drugs. Blockchain can improve the efficiency and accuracy of patient care by providing secure access to a patient's complete medical history. The healthcare sector is vulnerable to data breaches despite various methods and strategies used to protect data. Private blockchain technology ensures a closed network and increased security for healthcare data management. 12 Significance of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector (S L S Sri Harsha, 2023) Discussion on various blockchain applications in healthcare Several existing blockchain technologies are being used or tested in the healthcare system for secure storage and sharing of electronic medical records and tracking the supply chain of drugs. Blockchain can improve the efficiency and accuracy of patient care by providing secure access to a patient's complete medical history. The healthcare sector is vulnerable to data breaches despite various methods and strategies used to protect data. Private blockchain technology ensures a closed network and increased security for healthcare data management.

12. Important points derived through Literature reivew Key Learnings from the BCT Literature Review BCT Potential in Healthcare Diverse Techniques Current Limitations Focus Areas in Research

13. Important points derived through Literature reivew These objectives represent a starting point, and further research may identify additional areas of focus Research Objectives and Methods to explore Tentative research objectives Assess the Impact of Blockchain on Patient Data Security Evaluate the Role of Blockchain in Protecting Patient Privacy Investigate Blockchain’s Contribution to Medical Supply Chain Integrity Develop a Framework for Blockchain Integration in Healthcare Systems Evaluate Interoperability and Scalability of Blockchain Solutions in Healthcare Potential Methods Hybrid Approach Public Blockchain Private Blockchain

14. Important points derived through Literature reivew Key Points from Literature Review on Blockchain in Healthcare Data Security Enhancement Immutable Records: Blockchain's immutable ledger technology ensures that patient data cannot be altered or tampered with once recorded, enhancing data integrity. Decentralized Storage: Decentralized nature reduces the risk of data breaches as there is no single point of failure. Privacy Protection Cryptographic Techniques: Use of advanced cryptographic techniques ensures that patient data is accessible only to authorized individuals, thereby protecting patient privacy. Patient Consent: Blockchain can provide a secure and transparent mechanism for obtaining and recording patient consent for data sharing.

15. Important points derived through Literature reivew Supply Chain Integrity Traceability: Blockchain's transparency allows for the end-to-end tracking of medical supplies, ensuring authenticity and reducing the risk of counterfeit products. Accountability: Every transaction is recorded on the blockchain, creating a traceable and auditable trail that enhances accountability across the supply chain. Interoperability Standardization: Blockchain can facilitate interoperability between different healthcare systems by providing a common platform for data exchange. Data Integration: Enables seamless integration of patient data from multiple sources, improving the continuity and quality of care.

16. Important points derived through Literature reivew Cost and Efficiency Administrative Costs: Reduction in administrative overheads by automating processes like billing, claims processing, and record-keeping. Efficiency: Streamlines operations by providing real-time access to data, reducing delays and inefficiencies. Regulatory Compliance Auditability: Provides an auditable trail of all transactions, helping healthcare organizations comply with regulatory requirements. Transparency: Enhances transparency in data handling practices, aligning with regulations like GDPR and HIPAA.

17. Important points derived through Literature reivew Challenges and Barriers Scalability: Current blockchain implementations face scalability issues that need to be addressed to handle large volumes of healthcare data. Interoperability Issues: Lack of standardization and compatibility with existing healthcare IT systems. Adoption Barriers: Resistance to change, high initial setup costs, and lack of technical expertise are significant barriers to adoption. Data Privacy Concerns: While blockchain enhances data security, there are concerns about data privacy and the management of sensitive health information.

18. Important points derived through Literature reivew Ethical Considerations Patient Consent and Autonomy: Ensuring that patients have control over their data and consent to its use. Data Ownership: Addressing issues related to data ownership and the rights of patients over their health information. Environmental Impact: Considering the energy consumption of blockchain technology and its environmental footprint. Case Studies and Applications Successful Implementations: Review of case studies where blockchain has been successfully implemented in healthcare settings, highlighting benefits and lessons learned. Innovative Use Cases: Exploration of innovative use cases such as clinical trials, personalized medicine, and patient data management.

19. Important points derived through Literature reivew Future Directions Emerging Trends: Identification of emerging trends in blockchain technology and their potential impact on healthcare. Research Gaps: Highlighting areas where further research is needed to fully realize the potential of blockchain in healthcare.

20. Research Plan - Tentative Timeline for Proposed Research Tentative Research Timeline Month 1-2: Literature Review and Proposal Development Week 1-2: Conduct an initial literature review on blockchain technology, privacy protection, patient data security, and medical supply chain integrity in healthcare. Week 3-4: Identify gaps in current research and refine the research questions and objectives. Week 5-6: Develop a comprehensive research proposal, outlining the research objectives, questions, methodology, and expected outcomes. Week 7-8: Submit the research proposal for institutional review and approval. Month 3-4: Detailed Literature Review Week 9-12: Perform an extensive literature review focusing on existing blockchain applications in healthcare, with a specific emphasis on privacy, data security, and supply chain integrity.

21. Research Plan - Tentative Timeline for Proposed Research Tentative Research Timeline Week 13-16: Compile an annotated bibliography and summarize key findings, identifying common themes and areas requiring further research. Month 5-6: Research Design and Methodology Week 17-18: Design the research framework, including selecting appropriate qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods approaches. Week 19-20: Develop data collection instruments such as surveys, interview guides, and data analysis tools. Week 21-22: Pilot test the data collection instruments and refine them based on feedback. Week 23-24: Finalize the research design and methodology, ensuring all ethical considerations are addressed and approvals obtained.

22. Research Plan - Tentative Timeline for Proposed Research Tentative Research Timeline Month 7-8: Data Collection Week 25-28: Begin primary data collection through surveys, interviews, or focus groups with healthcare professionals, patients, and blockchain experts. Week 29-32: Collect secondary data from academic journals, industry reports, case studies, and other relevant sources.Month 9-10: Data Analysis Week 33-36: Clean and preprocess the collected data, ensuring accuracy and reliability. Week 37-40: Analyze the data using appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis techniques. Week 41-44: Interpret the results, drawing preliminary conclusions about the effectiveness of blockchain in protecting privacy, securing patient data, and ensuring supply chain integrity.

23. Research Plan - Tentative Timeline for Proposed Research Tentative Research Timeline Month 11: Writing and Documentation Week 45-48: Draft the research report, including sections on introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusions. Week 49-50: Revise and edit the draft based on feedback from advisors or peers, ensuring clarity and coherence. Week 51: Prepare the final version of the research report, incorporating all necessary revisions and enhancements. Month 12: Presentation and Submission Week 52: Present the research findings to stakeholders, such as academic advisors, healthcare organizations, or at relevant conferences. Week 53: Submiting the final research report for academic evaluation, publication.

24. Learning and knowledge gathered Over the past six months, I've actively deepened my knowledge in: Public Blockchain Technology Private Blockchain Technology Hybrid Blockchain Technology With this combined knowledge base, I am well-positioned to make significant contributions to the field of BCT in Healthcare, pushing the boundaries of this exciting technology.

25. Conclusion My research explores how blockchain technology can address key challenges in healthcare, such as securing patient data and ensuring the integrity of the medical supply chain. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data and qualitative case studies to provide actionable insights for healthcare stakeholders. The findings are expected to contribute to more secure, transparent, and efficient healthcare systems by improving data security and supply chain transparency. The study also emphasizes ethical considerations in data management and patient consent, aiming to promote sustainable and ethical practices. Overall, the research offers policy and practice recommendations to enhance healthcare operations, patient trust, and safety while addressing scalability, interoperability, and cost-benefit concerns.

26. Paper 1 Role of Incentives in the Use of Blockchain-Based Platforms for Sharing Sensitive Health Data: Experimental Study ( Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh , 2023) Paper 2 Secure data sharing with blockchain for remote health monitoring applications: a review (Venkatesh Upadrista , 2023) Paper 3 Secure data sharing with blockchain for remote health monitoring applications: a review (Venkatesh Upadrista , 2023 References – in APA style

27. References Paper 4 Blockchain-based privacy and security preserving in electronic health: a systematic review ( Kianoush Kiania , 2023) Paper 5 Addressing Counterfeiting and Fraud Concerns in Healthcare Packaging and Labeling with Blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges (A. Pesqueira , 2024) Paper 6 Significance of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector (S L S Sri Harsha, 2023) Paper 7 Significance of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Sector (S L S Sri Harsha, 2023)