Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Fundamentals.pdf

Master the basics of CFD! Learn how fluid flow is simulated using numerical methods, from equations to solvers, meshing, and turbulence models.

1. Computational Fluid

Dynamics (CFD)
Fundamentals

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Computational Engineering Solutions

90100100.

What
is CFD?
+ Use of numerical methods and algorithms

to solve fluid flow problems

+ Simulates velocity, pressure, temperature,
and other field variables

+ Bridges theory (fluid mechanics) with
computational tools

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3. Importance &
Applications

* Design optimization in aerospace,
automotive, energy, HVAC

+ Reducing physical prototyping and cost

+ Insight into phenomena difficult to
measure experimentally

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Governing
Equations

+ Continuity (mass conservation)
+ Momentum (Navier-Stokes equations)

+ Energy equation (conservation of
energy / heat transfer)

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5. Discretization
Methods

+ Finite Volume Method (most common in CFD)
© Finite Difference & Finite Element approaches

+ Grid / mesh generation, cell control volumes

0.200 (m)

6. Computational Engineering Solutions

Grid / Mesh
Quality & Effects

* Influence on accuracy, stability, convergence
+ Types: structured, unstructured, hybrid

+ Mesh refinement, boundary layer
mesh, y+ considerations

7. Solution
Algorithms &
Solvers

+ Pressure-velocity coupling: SIMPLE,
PISO, Coupled methods

+ Iterative linear solvers (e.g. Gauss-Seidel, ILU)

+ Relaxation techniques and under-relaxation

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Boundary
Conditions
& Setup

+ Types: inlet, outlet, symmetry, wall, periodic
* Initial conditions & convergence criteria

+ Treatment of boundary layers, slip vs no-slip

9. Best Practices
& Challenges

+ Verification, validation, and mesh
independence studies

* Dealing with convergence difficulties,
residual monitoring

* Computational cost, parallelization,
and choice of solver

D Niharika

putaenal Engineer Soltera

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