Computer ACW Computer Architecture L 2.pptx

The basics of computer architecture for English as a Second Learner understanding of basic vocabulary.

1. Academic Content Workshop (ACW) Computer Science L 2 Computer Architecture Basics Created by Simon

2. Lesson 1 Vocabulary Review

3. Vocabulary Algorithm Artificial intelligence Artificial general intelligence (AGI) Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) Big data Clustering Cognitive computing Computer vision Data mining Deep learning Machine learning (ML) Robotics Structured data

4. Objectives By the end of today’s class you should be able to: Identify the main parts of a typical computer. Discuss possible future developments in data storage.

5. Lesson 2 Vocabulary

6. hardware software firmware html RAM CPU binary OS console component HDD GPU monitor I/O compiler peripherals ROM DRAM SSD memory

7. Hardware vs Software What is the difference? Discuss in small groups. What is the difference, exactly?

8. What's the other word we might associate with electronic devices that ends in 'ware'? (Hint: We might use this word in everyday English to describe something which has a texture between 'hard' and 'soft')

9. Before we continue... What is the difference between HTML and RAM? Hint: Think of how we pronounce them... Other than one is software and one is hardware.

10. So the difference is that, with an acronym, we pronounce the abbreviation as a word, with an initialism we say it only as individual letters.

11. We are going to watch our first video of this class. We have three to watch in total (!), but they are all only 5 minutes long each. On the next slide there are five questions about the video...

12. VIDEO#1 - QUESTIONS (take a photo!) Group task Is the dog male or female? What console does Jerome work on? What is the master chip called? In what format are the commands processed by the master chip (HINT 0s or 1s ONLY)? What is the master program called?

13. OK, let's watch video#1 ...

14. VIDEO#1 QUESTIONS + ANSWERS Is the dog male or female? What console does Jerome work on? What is the master chip called? In what format are the commands processed by the master chip? What is the master program called? Female ( her job is to nap...) Xbox Central Processing Unit (CPU) 0s and 1s only is binary Operating System (OS)

15. What is a component? What hardware components of a computer can you name?

16. VIDEO#2 - QUESTIONS (take a photo!) What part of a computer handles a mouse click? What does this part do to let the CPU know the mouse has been clicked? What expression means being able to do more than one activity at once? How is human-readable code turned into language that a computer can understand? What do we call devices that are attached to a computer (e.g. printer, scanner etc.) ?

17. OK, let's watch video#2 ...

18. VIDEO#2 - QUESTIONS + ANSWERS What part of a computer handles a mouse click? What does this part do to let the CPU know the mouse has been clicked? What expression means being able to do more than one activity at once? How is human-readable code turned into language that a computer can understand? What do we call devices that are attached to a computer (e.g. printer, scanner etc.) ? Input/Output (I/O) subsystem It generates an interrupt Multi-task It’s compiled Peripherals

19. Not all human-readable code is turned into language that a computer can understand by a compiler. What alternative method is there? Discuss in small groups. What alternative method is there to a compiler?

20. In a compiled language, the target machine directly translates the program. In an interpreted language , the source code is not directly translated by the target machine. Instead, a different program, aka the interpreter, reads and executes the code.

21. RAM vs ROM. What is the a difference? DRAM vs SRAM. What is the a difference? RAM is Random Access Memory (we CAN use it for storage) ROM is Read Only Memory (we CANNOT use it - it contains bootstrap code, the bare minimum code needed to start the computer up). (There are other differences too...) Let’s watch video#3 to find out...

22. VIDEO#3 - QUESTIONS (You will be able to read the transcript after the video + see if you can answer these questions. However try and listen out for them when we watch the video) What type of memory needs recharging periodically to prevent data loss, DRAM or SRAM? What is memory latency? What kind of storage uses floating gate transistors?

23. OK, let's watch video#3...

24. VIDEO#3 - QUESTIONS + ANSWERS What type of memory needs recharging periodically to prevent data loss, DRAM or SRAM? What is memory latency? What kind of storage uses floating gate transistors? DRAM (Dynamic..., vs Static) the time between initiating a request for a byte or word in memory until it is retrieved by a processor. SSD (Solid-State Drives)

25. Key Terms + Vocabulary Review... We have encountered lots of new vocabulary today, some of it being more important than the rest. The following are key terms that you should try and remember the meaning, pronunciation and spelling of. We will no doubt see some, if not all, of this vocabulary next time!

26. Try and match the term to the definition Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Binary Operating System (OS) Compiled Peripheral Interrupt Multi-task Stores information for immediate use. Human readable code that has been turned into machine readable code A mouse or keyboard for example. Base-2 numbering system (0 or 1) A signal that gets the attention of the master chip in response to a key press or movement of the mouse. The ability to do more than one thing at a time. The master chip - the brains of a computer. Manages hardware, software and provides common services.

27. Answers... Stores information for immediate use. Human readable code that has been turned into machine readable code A mouse or keyboard for example. Base-2 numbering system (0 or 1) A signal that gets the attention of the master chip in response to a key press or movement of the mouse. The ability to do more than one thing at a time. The master chip - the brains of a computer. Manages hardware, software and provides common services. 2. Memory (e.g. DRAM/SRAM) 5. Compiled (code) 6. Peripheral 3. Binary 7. Interrupt 8. Multi-task 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 4. Operating System (OS)

28. Homework