Computer Graphics - Graphics File Formats.pdf

This files explains various types of graphics file formats

1. Computer Graphics
GraphicsFile FormatsGraphicsFile Formats
-AmolS. Gaikwad
Lecturer
Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli

2. Graphics File Formats
•Graphics files are those files that stores data about
images, pictures and graphics.
•The information stored in these files can be
understood, processed and displayed by various
software.
•There are different types of graphics file formats like –•There are different types of graphics file formats like –
jpeg, gif, tiff, bmp.
•These files stores data in different formats
•Software will read data from these files and then
display the images.
•Software can also perform various operations on these
files like editing, resizing.

3. Graphics File Formats
•Types of Graphics File Formats
Bitmap/RasterImages
(Drawsimages using pixels)
Vector images
(Drawsimages using
mathematical formulas)
(Drawsimages using pixels)
mathematical formulas)
BMP
GIF
JPEG
PNG
TIF
EPS
SVG

4. BMP (bitmap)
•Bitmap file format was developed by Microsoft
for windows operating system.
•Bitmap files stores information about each and
every pixel in the row such its color.
•These images are device independent means can •These images are device independent means can
be used on any computer.
•Data in BMP files is uncompressed, it can also
contain compressed data.
•Images in BMP files are made up of pixels hence
they are also called as raster images

5. BMP (bitmap)
•BMP image files are have .bmp extension.
•BMP files are used for high quality digital
photographs, real world photographs and high
quality printing.quality printing.
•Each pixel in BMP files requires 3 bytes where
one byte each for red, green and blue color
parts.

6. BMP (bitmap)
•Advantages :-
-Information is not loss in BMP files.
-Images are of high quality.
-Various web browsers like Chrome, Edge, -Various web browsers like Chrome, Edge,
Firefox, Opera, and Safari can use bmp images.
•Disadvantages :-
-Requires large amount of computer memory
for storage.

7. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
•GIF images uses only 256 colors, hence are used for
showing images on websites (web graphics).
•GIF files can also create animated images as a single
file can contain many different frames these frames are
shown with some time delay creating animation effect.shown with some time delay creating animation effect.
•GIF images have transparent background.
•GIF uses data compression, it means saving the image
data in less storage space than actually needed.
•GIF uses compression without loss of data hence it is
also called as lossless compression.

8. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
•GIF files have .gif extension.
Fig : GIF image

9. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
•Advantages
-GIF files are small in size (requires less
computer memory).
-GIF files are portable-GIF files are portable
•Disadvantages
-GIF images are not of high quality.

10. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group)
•This format was developed by Joint Photographic
Experts Group in 1990.
•Images are compressed in this format.
•Due compression some data gets lost hence it is
also called as lossycompression.also called as lossycompression.
•This is a very commonly used format.
•It is used in digital cameras, microsoftoffice,
social media, e-mail and on web.
•Due to small size of JPEG images they can be
downloaded fast from the web.

11. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group)
•In each JPEG each pixel is described by red,
blue and green parts.
•Each of these colors requires 8 bits for
information, total bits require is 24.information, total bits require is 24.
•JPEG files have .jpeg, .jpg, .jpe, .jif, .jfiffile
extension.

12. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts
Group)
•Advantages
-JPEG files requires less computer memory for
storage.
-All most all web browsers can display JPEG files.-All most all web browsers can display JPEG files.
•Disadvantages
-Due to loss of data in compression image quality
is decreased.
-More compression less clear is the image.
-Editing JPEG multiple times reduces its quality.

13. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
•PNG was developed by World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C).
•PNG files uses compression but it does not lose
data, hence it is also called as lossless data, hence it is also called as lossless
compression.
•We can edit the PNG files many times without
loss of quality.
•PNG uses total 24 bits per pixel for red, blue and
green colors, providing large color options.

14. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
•PNG supports transparency, it means we can
easily save colorful PNG images on
transparent background.
•PNG files have .pngextension.•PNG files have .pngextension.
•It is used for scanning texts, creating graphics,
logos, on social media and web.

15. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
•Advantages
-PNG uses lossless data compression.
-We can use large number of colors.
-PNG files are portable, means they can be transferred
on any computer and does not depend on any on any computer and does not depend on any
particular hardware and software.
•Disadvantages
-As PNG uses lossless data compression file size is large.
-Cannot create animation with it.

16. TIFF/TIF (Tagged Image File Format)
•It was developed by Microsoft in 1986.
•TIFF files don’t use compression hence there is
no loss of data or information.
•TIFF are used for high quality images and •TIFF are used for high quality images and
printing, professional publications.
•They are also used for transferring very high
quality images.
•TIFF files have .tifor .tiff extensions.

17. TIFF/TIF (Tagged Image File Format)
•Advantages
-Create very high quality images
•Disadvantages
-File size is large (requires more computer -File size is large (requires more computer
memory for storage).
-Not suitable for web graphics.

18. PCX (Picture Exchange)
•PCX files are raster images files means they are
made up of pixels.
•This format was developed by ZSoftin 1980.
•It is used for creating logos, digital photos, web
graphics.graphics.
•PCX files have .pcxextension.
•It supports 24 bit red, green, blue color images.
•It uses lossless data compression, quality and
data are not lost when files are shared or
compressed.

19. PCX (Picture Exchange)
•Advantages
-Images are of good quality.
•Disadvantages
-PCX files are not portable, different devices -PCX files are not portable, different devices
and software may not work with these files.

20. RAW (Raw Image Formats)
•When we take a photo from camera or scanner,
these images are stored in RAW formats.
•RAW images do not process or compress the
image data, they save the image as it is.
•RAW images can be converted to other files types •RAW images can be converted to other files types
like JPEG using professional software.
•RAW file size is large as it stores all the
information of the image.
•RAW image files have .raw, ,.nef, .orf, .sr2, .cr2 file
extensions.

21. EPS (Encapsulated Postscript)
•Adobe developed EPS files format in 1987
•EPS is a vector file format.
•Vector images uses mathematical formulas to
draw an image.draw an image.
•Vector don’t draw images as pixels.
•EPS files can be opened using software like
InDesigner, Adobe Illustrator,CoralDRAW.
•EPS files have .epsextension.

22. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
•SVG is vector file format developed by World
Wide Web Consortium(W3C) in 1999.
•SVG files use XML based formatting, means they
are written in XML.
•As it is a vector based files it draws images using •As it is a vector based files it draws images using
mathematical formulas.
•SVG files are scalable means we can easily
enlarge or reduce image without losing quality.
•SVG is used for creating logos, icons.
•SVG files have .svgextension.