Computer Network Topology:( Bus,Star,Ring,Mesh,Tree)

A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network. 
Physical topology describes the layout of devices and cables, and logical topology describes the way in which data is transmitted within the network — regardless of the physical layout.

1. Dhaka International University Department of Law Course Name: Introduction to Computer & Information Technology Course No: 0611.1.1.01 Submitted To Suman Ahmed Saikan Lecturer Department of CSE Dhaka International University-DIU Batch: 66 th Semester: 1 st February 4,2024

2. T E A M I N I T I A T O R Md Soumik Hasan Roll:79 Shifat Ahmed Hasan Roll:58 Md. Shakil Ahmmed Roll:72 Bir Nafis Ikbal Nishat Roll:70 2

3. Outline 3

4. Introduction A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connections in a network.  Physical topology describes the layout of devices and cables, and logical topology describes the way in which data is transmitted within the network — regardless of the physical layout. Fig 1: Network Topology 4

5. Topology Types Fig 2: Computer Topology Types 5

6. Point to Point Topology Sender Receiver Fig 3: P2P Topology Point-to-Point Topology  is a type of topology that works on the functionality of the sender and receiver. It is the simplest communication between two nodes, in which one is the sender and the other one is the receiver. Point-to-Point provides high bandwidth. 6

7. Star Topology Fig 4: Star Topology Star topology is a network topology in which each network component is physically connected to a central node such as a router, hub or switch. In a star topology, the central hub acts like a server and the connecting nodes act like clients. Hub 7

8. Star Topology Cont… Advantage: Less expensive. Easy to install and reconfiguration. Robustness Disadvantage: Failure of central hub will effect the entire network. Performance is based on the single concentrator i.e. hub. 8

9. Ring Topology Fig 5: Ring Topology A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. 9

10. Ring Topology Cont… Advantage: The data transmission is high-speed. The possibility of collision is minimum in this type of topology. Cheap to install and expand. It is less costly than a star topology . Disadvantage: The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire network to fail. Troubleshooting is difficult in this topology. Less secure.  10

11. Bus Topology Fig 6: Bus Topology Device 1 Device 2 Device 3 Device 4 Device 5 Terminator  Bus topology is a type of network topology in which all devices are connected to a single cable called a "bus." This cable serves as a shared communication medium, allowing all devices on the network to receive the same signal simultaneously. 11

12. Bus Topology Cont… Advantage: Coaxial or twisted pair cables are mainly used. The cost of the cable is less compared to other topologies. Bus topology is familiar technology as installation and troubleshooting techniques are well known . Disadvantage: If the common cable fails, then the whole system will crash down. Adding new devices to the network would slow down networks. Security is very low. 12

13. Tree Topology In a tree topology , there is one central node (the “trunk”), and each node is connected to the central node through a single path. Nodes can be thought of as branches coming off of the trunk. Fig 7: Tree Topology 13

14. Tree Topology Cont… Advantage: It allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub thus it decreases the distance that is traveled by the signal to come to the devices. We can add new devices to the existing network. Error detection and error correction are very easy in a tree topology . Disadvantage: If the central hub gets fails the entire system fails. The cost is high because of the cabling. If new devices are added, it becomes difficult to reconfigure . 14

15. Mesh Topology Fig 8: Mesh Topology The mesh topology is a type of topology in which every device or computer is connected to every other device. Each device not only sends its signals but also receives signals from other devices. 15

16. Mesh Topology Cont… Advantage: Dedicated link ensure that each connection carry its own data load, eliminating the traffic problem. Mesh topology is robust. Provides privacy & security. Fault identification and isolation is easy. Disadvantage: Huge amount of cabling and I/O ports required. Installation and reconnection is difficult. 16

17. Discussion Following the completion of the topology presentation slide, we acquired knowledge about numerous topological kinds as well as presentation slide creation. We have used Google and YouTube to help us tackle a number of challenges that have been encountered. In addition to being essential for numerous step a student of law department must take, topology may serve as a reminder of the architecture and foundation of computers. The teacher of our course made all effort to aid us in comprehending the content, which may be beneficial to individuals in all walks of life. 17

18. References https:// www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/bustopol.htm https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-network-topology / https://www.pngwing.com / https:// www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/network-topology https:// www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-topologies https:// www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/ https://www.canva.com / https:// www.shiksha.com/online-courses/different-types-of-network-topology/ https://www.dnsstuff.com/what-is-network-topology 18

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