Computer Networking fundamentals

#network #types of network
COMPUTER NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
SLIDE PPT CONSIST OF
definition,its components,advantages,Disadvantages,switching techniques,network architectures, and Types of Networks.
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1. COMPUTER NETWORKS

2. Contents Definition and its components. Advantages and Disadvantages . Network Architecture. Switching Techniques. Types of Networks.

3. DEFINTION : A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers systems or peripheral devices , to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources . ITS COMPONENTS: Two or more computers . Cables as links between the computers. A network interfacing card(NIC ) on each computer. Connecting devices . Networking operating system A Protocol suite.

4. ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING Sharing of hardware :like printers, fax, scanners. Sharing of software : like sharing software resources reduces the cost of software installation and space on hard disk. Sharing file : which increases teamwork and productivity . Easy to take backup since data is stored on one computer called server. Cost effective method. Saves time .

5. DIS AD VA NT AGES OF NETWORKS High cost of installation . Requires time for administration . Failure of server may cause network breakdown. Cable faults may interrupt connectivity. Security from hackers should be monitored with software programs like firewalls . Viruses can harm the network , antivirus programs should be used .

6. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE LOCAL AREA NETWORK Network architecture is overall design of computer hardware and their functional organization and configuration.

7. PEER TO P EER(P2P) NETWORK C omputers or nodes are connected with other computers to share resources and accessing files. . C omputer is responsible for setting up and maintaining its own security . U seful for a small network s less than 10 c omputers on a single LAN . C omputer function s as both client and server. It has no server. Less expensive.

8. CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK Server : It is a powerful central computer which has most of the network resources and provide services to other computers when they request it. Server provide security and administration to the network. Client : A client is the computer running a program that requests the service from a server. Local area network(LAN) is based on client server network relationship. Front-end : software which user sees and interacts directly. Back-end :Interacts with shared resources such as databases, printers or high power processors. More expensive than P2P.

9. SWITCHING TECHNIQUE In large networks there are multiple paths linking the sender and receiver. Selecting a path that data must take out of the available options is switching.

10. Connects sender and receiver within an unbroken path . A dedicated path exists between the two ends unless communication is terminated. Appropriate for immediate data transfer like telephone line. CIRCUIT SWITCHING

11. Message is treated as independent unit and it is send through series of nodes . Each node receives the message stores it and then transmits it also known as storage-and-forward network. Channel efficiency is high because more device are sharing the channel. Traffic congestion is reduced because message is temporarily stored in the node. MESSAGE SWITCHING

12. Message is broken into a series of packets . Each packet contains header contains information about source , destination and reassembling instruction. Each packet takes different routes to reach destination. Founds in large networks Like TCP/IP protocol uses it. PACKET SWITCHING

13. TYPES OF NETWORKS A network is ‘interconnected’ computers i.e. they are linked by any communication system. Networks vary in size, complexity and geographical spread.

14. PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN ) O rganized around an individual person . Communication capable devices like mobile computer, a cell phone or personal digital assistant . Wireless or cables. Range up to 10 meters.

15. LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN ) D esigned to operate over a small physical area such as an office , factory or a building. All machines are connected to a single cable . E asy to design and troubleshoot . Exchange of information and sharing of resources becomes easy. Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus, ring, etc. c an be used . It is usually a privately owned network.

16. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK(MAN) It covers the entire city . It uses similar technology as LAN . It can be a single network such as cable TV network . It is a measure of connecting number of LAN’s o n a large network so that resources can be shared LAN to LAN as well as device to device .

17. WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN) When n etwork spans over a large distance or connected computers are at widely separated location s then it is WAN. Connections through public networks like telephone lines, leased tele phone lines, satellite links and similar channels done. It is cheaper and more efficient . WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of data between its users . INTERNET is the largest WAN network in existence.

18. CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN) The campus area network is made up of an interconnection of LAN with limited geographical area . Network equipments such as switches, routers and the transmission media i.e. optical fibre etc are almost entirely owned by the campus owner .

19. PARAMETERS LAN M AN W AN Ownership of network Private Private or public Private or public Geographical area covered Small Moderate Very larg e Design and main t ena n ce Easy Not easy Not easy Comm u n ic a tion medium Coaxial cable Coaxial cables, PSTN, optical fiber cables, wireless PSTN or satellite links Bandwidth Low M oderate High Data rate s (sp e e d ) High M oderate Low DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN, WAN, MAN