Computer system Inside the System Unit Processor

The main parts are:

System unit
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Speakers

1. Introduction to Information and communication Technology (ICT) Lab 01 Computer Hardware and its usability

2. Course repository http://elearning.iba-suk.edu.pk/

3. Computer system  is a set of integrated devices that input, output, process, and store data and information The main parts are: System unit Monitor Keyboard Mouse Speakers 2 3 4 5 1

4. All of the electronic equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Computer hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer Examples include: Case Motherboard Hard disk RAM Power supply Processor Hardware

5. Peripherals Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using cables or wireless technologies. Typical peripherals include: Monitor Keyboard Printer Scanner Speakers Mouse  

6. System Unit/Tower/ Case The system unit is the main container for system devices. The case keeps them neatly and safely together . Typical system unit devices include: Motherboard CPU (Processor) Memory Disk drives Ports - USB etc. Power supply  Expansion cards - sound card, network card, graphics card etc.

7. System Unit/ Tower/Case

8. Processor A central processing unit An integrated circuit (IC) supplied on a single silicon chip. It’s function is to control all the computers functions. The main processor manufacturers are: AMD - Athlon(desktop) and Turion (laptop) Intel - Pentium(desktop) and Centrino (mobile)   AMD Processor

9. Primary storage - main computer memory. Data, programs currently in use are held in RAM Volatile - contents of memory are lost if the computer is turned off Module -  is a printed  circuit  board on which memory integrated  circuits are mounted. Random Access Memory (RAM) IC’s Memory Module

10. Memory chips containing permanent data. ROM is non-volatile Contain Boot Firmware Code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS. Read Only Memory (ROM)

11. Mainboard or system board - the main circuit board for the computer system. All device in the computer system will either be part of the motherboard or connected to it.   Motherboard Processor Socket Memory Sockets Ports PCI Slots Graphics Slot Chipset

12. Motherboard

13. Chipset controls data flow around the computer. It consists of two chips: Northbridge - data flow between memory and processor - data flow between the processor and the graphic's card Southbridge - controls data flow to the devices - USB, IDE, SATA, LAN and Audio

14. IDE , SATA and PCI Serial Advanced technology Attachment(SATA) IDE  and  SATA  are  different  types of interfaces to connect storage devices (like  hard drives ) to a computer's system bus. IDE ( Integrated Drive Electronics) is also called Parallel ATA or  PATA .  SATA  is the newer standard and  SATA drives  are faster than  PATA  ( IDE )  drives .

15. PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect ( PCI ) used to connect sound cards and network cards. PCI was also used to connect video cards to the motherboard, but graphics demand from gaming made it inadequate for that use Latest version- PCIe -express

16. A computer power supply has a number of functions: Converts Alternating current (AC) Direct current (DC) Transforms mains voltage (240 Volts) to the voltages required by the computer. The main voltages are: 12 volts for the disk drives as they have motors 3.3 and 5 volts for the circuit boards in the computer Power Supply

17. Power Supply

18. Power Supply Connectors

19. Let’s have some practical!