Concept of Human Race and Identifying Characters

This presentation tries to give a simple understanding of the concept of human race, and their classifying characters and world classification of races.

1. RACE

2. A RACE IS USUALLY UNDERSTOOD TO BE A POPULATION SUBSET WHOSE MEMBERS HAVE IN COMMON SOME HEREDITARY BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT SET THEM APART PHYSICALLY FROM OTHER HUMAN GROUPS.

3. Scientific Classification of Humans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Subfamily: Homininae Tribe: Hominini Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens Subspecies: Homo sapiens sapiens

4. Formation of Human Race Mutation Natural Selection Genetic Drift Isolation Hibridization

5. Racial Criteria 1: Morphological Traits a) Skin Colour b) Hair Form c) Stature d) Head Form e) Facial Prognathism f) Nose g) Eye 2: Genetic Traits : Blood Groups

6. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 1. SKIN COLOUR: Leucoderms : Caucasoids Xanthoderms : Mongoloids Melanoderms : Negroids

7. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 2. HAIR STRUCTURE: According to Haddon, there are three classes: Ulotrichy (Wooly or Frizzy Hair): Negritoes and Negroids . Leiotrichy (Straight Hair): Mongoloids, Polynesians and Amerinds . Cymitrichy (Wavy or Curly Hair): Caucasoids , Pre-Dravidian and Australoids .

8. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 3. STATURE : The average stature of the world population is 167.6 cm. No human group is less than 150 cm. The Bushmen, the Pygmies and other Negrito people are human dwarfs : 148-158 cm. The Medium stature is preponderant : 159-168 cm. The Nordic have high stature : >169 cm.

9. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 4. CEPHALIC INDEX : Cephalic Index = (Breadth of the Head/Length of the Head) x 100 Dolichocephalic : <75. (Negros, Australoid ) Mesaticephalic : 75-80. (Mediterranean People) Brachycephalic : >80. (Alpine-Mongolian Racial Groups)

10. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION Acording to Paul Broca : Dolichocephalic Sub- Dolichocephalic Mesaticephalic Sub- Brachicephalic Brachicephalic According to Joseph Denikar : Hyper- Dolichocephalic Dolichocephalic Sub- Dolichocephalic Mesaticephalic Sub- Brachicephalic Brachicephalic Hyper- Brachicephalic

11. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION ORBITO- CEPHALIC INDEX : It is the arch or flatness of the head. It is determined by the ratio of vertical diameter and the transverse diameter of the head. Platy-cephalic: Less than 58% Orthocephalic : 58- 63% Hyplicephalic : More than 63%

12. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 5. PROGNATHISM : The projection of the jaws. Negroids : Pronounced Prognathism. Nordic: Virtually no Prognathism. Mongoloids: Moderate Prognathism.

13. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 6. NASAL INDEX: It is the ratio between the length and breadth of the nose. Leptorrhine (narrow nose): 55-69.9 (Caucasoid) Mesorrhine (medium nose): 70-84.9 (Mongoloid) Platyrrhine (broad nose): 85-99.9 (Negroid)

14. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 7. EYE- ORBITAL INDEX: The ratio of the breadth and the length of the eye. Negroids : 80 Australoids : 85-87 Mongoloids: 89-95

15. BASES OF RACIAL CLASSIFICATION 8. BLOOD GROUPS : A : Mongoloid B : Caucasoid C : Negroid

16. CAUCASOID-MONGOLOID NEGROID FACES

17. Major Races of the World CAUCASOID RACE: Mediterranean Classic Mediterranean Atlanto -Mediterranean Indo-Afghan Nordic Alpine Armenoid Dinaric East Baltic Polynesian Ainu Keltic Lapp ARCHAIC CAUCASOID RACE Australoid Dravidian Veddah

18. Major Races of the World MONGOLOID RACE Archaic Mongoloid Arctic Mongoloid Indonesian Mongoloid Malay Type Indonesian Type American Indian/Amerindian NEGROID RACE African Negro True Negros Nilotic Negroes/ Nilotes Bantu Speaking Negroes Bushmen- Hottentot Negrillo /African Pygmy Oceanic Negro Andamanese Semang Aeta Tapiro Mekanesian Papuan

19. CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR RACES