Concepts of disaster management

shaik umme salma AEM- MFK -1710 COLLEGE OF FISHERIES MANGLORE

1. CONCEPT OF DIASTER MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL DIASTER MANAGEMENT FRAME WORK [email protected]

2. “ A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause Damage, Ecological disruption, Loss of human life, Deterioration of health and Health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant and extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.

3. DEFINITIONS Risk is defined as the frequency of an event happening and its impact. A Hazard is a physical or human-made event that can potentially trigger a disaster . Vulnerability is ‘Susceptibility to harm’ of those at risk. Capacities are the qualities & resources of community ( or individual) to … anticipate, cope with, resist & recover from the impact of hazards .

4. WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT?? To minimize deaths and losses. Minimum level of preparedness & planning can do it. Without identification of risk & vulnerability, only knowledge of hazards is of no use. Normal procedures are insufficient to handle grave situations

5. CAUSAL FACTORS OF DISASTER

6. Poverty: lack of resource bases,support system,insurance opportunities environmental degradation: destruction of mangrove swamps in coastal areas. construction of huge dams destructing vast area of forest. Rapid urbanisation : everybody wants to settle in urban area. high rates can’t accommodate every class of people. it results in growth of slums, unplanned construction without regulations. population growth: effect on the people living in crowded areas.

7. What it involves ?? Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man made disasters. Preparedness before disaster. Rebuilding and supporting society after natural disasters

8. The reasons for this are varied including: An increasing population pressures in urban areas. An increase in the extent of encroachment into lands. e.g., river beds or drainage courses, low lying areas etc. Poor or ignored zoning laws and policies. Lack of proper risk management.

9. FACTORS AFFECTING DISASTER Host factors: Age Immunization status Degree of mobility Emotional stability

10. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Physical Factors: Chemical Factors Biological Factors Social Factors Psychological Factors

11. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER Predictability Controllability Speed of onset Length of forewarning Duration of impact Scope and intensity of impact

12. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government. Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. Organizations should function as an extension of their core business. Individuals are responsible for their own safety. Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.

13. DM planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters. DM planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population. DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies

14. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

15. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam , Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India. The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies. Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) World Health Organization (WHO) UNICEF World Food Programme (WFP) Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD) E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) International committee of Red cross.

16. GOI – NGO DISASTER PREPARATION AND RESPONSE COMITTEE Members World Vision of India SOS Children's Village India Ramakrishna Mission Plan international OXFAM India Trust Lutheran World Service India Red Cross Catholic Relief Services CASA CARITAS India Voluntary Health association Of India Action Aid Action for Food Production-AFPRO Indo German Social Services Society

17. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

18. Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests, Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour . Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways. Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation. Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs. Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy. Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

19. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administerd by NDMA. States and districts will administer mitigation funds. A National Disaster Response Fund will be administerd by NDMA through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund respectively. 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight strategic locations. A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster Response Plan will also be drawn up.

20. LESSONS LEARNT BE PREPARED : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster. Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention. Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders.

21. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence , Homeguards ). Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response

22. Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions

23. DISASTER REDUCTION DAY NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the 12TH OCTOBER. Rallies and special lectures were organized in the universities and colleges to mark the initiatives ofawareness for disaster reduction amongst youth & children. Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster Preparedness

24. For information on disasters dial TOLL FREE No. 1070 Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in

25. DISASTER NURSING It can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing, physical and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.

26. THANK YOU