Concepts of hazard, disasters, their classification and types

Here one will know the detail concepts of Hazards and Disaster, their characteristics, types, identification, nature with mechanisms of occurence like risks and vulnerable factors, their types- natural disaster and human and also their characteristics of hazards and disaster

1. Concepts of Hazards & Disasters their Classifications & Types Peter P. Debbarma , Department of Geography Asst. Professor

2. Disclaimer Many of the slides have been designed in order to properly understand of the concepts related. Some Charts and slides are procured from various google web and slideshare,research net from across the globes. I have modified, edited and also included many slides designed solely by me for proper understanding of the concepts. Hence, I do not claim to be the sole author of this presentations. In service for students…………….

3. Scope Disasters are as old as our Earth & Mankind . It was even before Mankind-Earth faces through different extremes of Climate, mountain buildings and aestroid and commets strikes- Dinasour and many animals extinct The first description of Disaster and its management comes f rom biblical “NOAH” and his ark. Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures. Disasters Concepts- 3

4. Some Terms to be Dealt with DISASTER A major hazard event that causes widespread disruption to a community or region that the affected community is unable to deal with adequately without outside help. It is an event of hazard occurrence and assessments of magnitude loss of life and property HAZARD A threat (whether natural or human) that has the potential to cause loss of life, injury, property damage, socio‑economic disruption or environmental degradation. A hazard may not always bring disaster but if not properly handled or well prepared, they can bring big disaster. It remains threat so long it does not bring disaster. HAZARD EVENT The occurrence (realization) of a hazard, the effects of which change demographic, economic and/or environmental conditions. RISK The probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences (expected losses in terms of deaths, injuries, property damage, economy and environment). Eg . There are risks when you don’t wear helmet while driving motor cycle VULNERABILITY The susceptibility of a community to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazard event . Eg . Assam is vulnerable to floods because of its plain land, nearby big rivers and heavy rainfall region

5. WHAT are DISASTERS ? Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area .(WHO) A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross) Etymology Originated from Greek dus = bad aster = star Calamity due to position of a planet or a star. Then evolved in Italian as disastro, To become French désastre (de.zastʁ). & then disaster . 5

6. Explanation & Mechanism of Disaster Function of Hazards and Vulnerability, If vulnerables are reduced then Disaster can be minimized from Hazards

7. Characteristics & Factors involving Disaster

8. What are Hazards? 8 Hazard - A n y phen o menon th a t ha s the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. “ A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and property…… A disaster is a realization of this hazard .”- John Whittow When hazard involves elements of RISKS , VULNERABILITIES AND CAPACITIES , they can turn into DISASTERS . Hazards may be of Two Types

9. How do we define a hazard?

10. Differences Between Hazard & Disaster Hazard Disaster Before an event of Calamity After a Event of Calamity and magnitude loss of life and property Hazard can be both Natural and Human Disaster can be both Natural and Human Probable damage, risk and Vulnerable involves When Risks meet Vulnerability in the event then it results to Disaster Measured in terms of ri and Vulnerable Asserssment Measured in terms of loss of life and property. Eg . Even if there is a strong Earthquake but only few dies and has less damage, then it is not called Disaster The Hazard cannot be avoided But Disaster Can be avoided if proper management is taken Hazard can be slow (Draught, Cyclone, floods) or onset like Earth quake, tsunami, landslides etc Disaster cannot be categorised as it is the result of Disaster Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented…

11. Vulnerability Capacity to cope High Low Low High Vulnerability V ery l o w Low Exposure to Hazard H i gh Low 11 The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.

12. What makes communities & environment more Vulnerable?

13. What are Risks ?- Danger involved Risks is a function of = Hazrds X Vulnerability X Exposure High Risks Result to Disaster

14. Disaster Impact? Function of Hazards Disaster can b

15. T e c hnological C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s 15 Natural Dis a s t e r s Meteorologic a l & Climate T o p o g r a p h i c al & Hydrological En v iro n mental & Biological Man made Disasters T e c hnological & Industrial Accidents Human management failure Human Conflicts & W arfare

16. Types & Classification

17. Met eoro l og i cal Disasters Floods Tsunami Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon Snow storm Blizzard Hail storm T op o graph i cal Disasters Earthquake Volcanic Erupti o ns Landslides and A va l anc h es Asteroids Limnic eruptions E n vironmental Disasters Global w a r m i n g Wild fire Epidemic/ Pandemic-Virus & Diseases El Niño- Southern Oscil l ation Ozone d e p l eti o n - UVB Radiation Solar flare Aestroids & Comets strikes Locust Attacks 18

18. Some other Classification of Disaster

19. Natural Disaster

20. Natural Disaster -Climate Change or Ecological

21. T ec h nologi c al T rans p ort failure Public place failure / stampede Fire Ind u strial Ch e mical spills R a dio a ctive spills W arfare /Human Conflicts 23 War /Ethnic/religious/ Political /Riots Terrorism Internal c o nflicts Civil unrest Biological Warfare CBRNE Management Failure

22. Man-Made Disaster / Human-Induced

23. Continiued – Human Disaster

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