Congestion Control in Computer networks

Congestion Control

1. Congestion Control in Computer Networks 1

2. 2

3. Introduction 3

4. Effects of Congestion Control 4

5. Congestion Control 5

6. Open-Loop Congestion Control (Prevention) 6

7. Traffic Shaping Techniques (for Open-Loop Control) 7

8. Leaky Bucket Algorithm Concept Controls traffic flow at a constant rate. Example A bucket leaks at a steady rate; excess water (data) spills. Steps Packets enter a finite-size bucket. Packets are transmitted at a fixed rate. Burst traffic is converted into steady traffic. Disadvantages: Inefficient use of bandwidth. 8

9. Token Bucket Algorithm Concept Allows burst traffic while maintaining overall control. Steps Tokens are generated periodically in a bucket. Packets consume tokens before being sent. If no tokens, packets must wait. Advantages Flexible & prevents packet loss. 9

10. Closed-Loop Congestion Control (Reaction) 10

11. Choke Packets Definition: Special control packets sent by a router to notify a sender of congestion. How It Works: Router detects congestion. Sends a choke packet to the sender. Sender reduces transmission rate . If congestion persists, more choke packets are sent. Key Benefit: Quickly prevents overload without dropping packets. 11

12. Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop Comparison 12

13. Advantages of Congestion Control 13

14. Disadvantages of Congestion Control 14

15. Conclusion 15

16. Thank You 16