CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.pptx for all health education departments

CHF for all allied health Science departments.

1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE NAME-KULJIT KAUR REG NO. 72111044 BPT 4 TH SEM

2. INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a common cardiovascular chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “HEART FAILURE”.

3. TYPES OF HEART FAILURE Left-sided heart failure – Fluid may back up in your lungs , causing shortness of breath. Right-sided heart failure – Fluid may back up into your abdomen , legs and feet , causing swelling. Systolic heart failure – The left ventricle can’t contract vigorously , indicating a pumping problems. Diastolic heart failure – The left ventricle can’t relax or fill fully , indicating a filling problems. (also called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction).

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Shortness of breath (dyspnea) Fatigue and weakness Swelling (edema) in legs, ankles , and feet Rapid or irregular heartbeat Reduced ability to exercise Wheezing Persistent cough Increased urination Swelling of abdomen Loss of appetite and nausea Decreased alertness Chest pain

5. CAUSES Coronary artery disease and heart attack. High blood pressure (hypertension). Faulty heart valves. Damage to the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy). Myocarditis. Heart defects you’re born with (congenital heart defects). Abnormal heart rhythms (heart arrythmias). Other diseases– chronic disease such as diabetes , HIV , hyperthyroidism , hypothyroidism ,or a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis).

6. RISK FACTORS Smoking Alcohol Stress Genetics Unhealthy food Diabetes Age (above 60 years) Obesity Lifestyle factors

7. COMPLICATIONS Kidney damage or failure Heart valve problems Heart rhythm problems Liver damage

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Heart damage ventricular overload and decreased ventricular contraction Tachycardia ventricular dilation myocardial hypertrophy Decreased cardiac output Decreased renal perfusion Increased sodium retention Fluid overload edema Increased water reabsorption Increased ADH Increased Osmotic pressure

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Blood tests – used to check for a chemical N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) may help in diagnosing heart failure. Chest X-rays – heart may appear enlarged and fluid buildup may be visible in your lungs. Electrocardiogram(ECG) and Echocardiogram Stress tests – measure how heart and blood vessels respond to exertion. CT scan and MRI Coronary angiogram Myocardial biopsy

10. TREATMENT There are several types of medications used to treat congestive heart failure. A diuretic like furosemide (Lasix),which helps the kidneys to eliminate extra fluid in the lungs, is often the first medicine given both in babies and older children. ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), beta blockers used to lower the blood pressure like Enalapril and Carvedilol respectively. Digoxin is used to help make the heart squeeze better , and help pump blood more efficiently. Calcium channel blockers. Potassium or magnesium. Blood vessel dilators.

11. NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT Maintain input and output of the patient Maintained up position of the patients Oxygen support should be provided to the patient.

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