Connective tissue

Connective tissue in general

1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Maj Rishi Pokhrel Anatomy NAIHS www.slideshare.net

2. At the end of this class you should be able to … Describe characteristics & components of CT Classify CT Correlate CT type with their function

3. DEFINITION “Connective tissues (CT) are a group of tissues which connects or binds other tissues in the body”

4. CHARACTERISTICS Predominantly intercellular material (matrix) Cells widely spaced Development – mesoderm, neural crest (head region) Blood vessels – few supply Classification – based on matrix, cells , fibres

5. COMPOSITION: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

6. Composition

7. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

8. CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

9. Cell Fibroblast Adipocyte Macrophage Features Secrete matrix, numerous Lipocytes / fat cells Histiocytes, nomadic Shape Spindle / fusiform with irregular surface Oval, round or polygonal Irregular with filopodia Size Avg 50 um 15-20 um Nucleus Large, central , open faced At one side Small indented, kidney shaped Cytoplasm Markedly basophilic (rER) Peripheral ring of cytoplasm, fat globules, signet ring appearance Cytogranuales & vacuoles, stains deeply Function Secrete EC matrix Formation & storage of fat Phagocytic Site Abundant during healing in all CT Many together forms giant cells Special stain Frozen section, Sudan III-> red, Osmic acid -> black, Sudan black -> black

10. Cell Mast cell Plasma cell Pigment cell Features Formed by B lymphocytes Chromatophores Shape Round or oval Round or oval irregular Size 12 um Upto 15 um Nucleus Central, small Spherical & eccentric; cartwheel appearance, clock face Cytoplasm Cyto-granuales , basophilic Basophilic, rich in rER Function Secrete histamine, heparin Store Ab in cyto-granuales ; russel’s bodies Contain pigment - melanin Site Inflammation, allergy, hypersensitivity skin Special stain For granules: toluidine blue, Methylene blue, alcian blue

11. FIBRES COLLAGEN ELASTIC RETICULAR

12. Collagen

13. Types of collagen I – fibrous supporting tissue, dermis, tendon, ligament, bone II – Hyaline cartilage, fine fibrils III – reticular IV- Mesh like, basement membrane VII – anchoring fibrils of BM

14. Collagen Ligament -TS Ligament - LS

15. Elastic fibers

16. Reticular fibers

17. Collagen Elastic Reticular Color Pearly white Yellow - No Largest Next > In emb CT Stain & appearance Dull pink with eosin Bright, highly refractive Not stained by H & E Protein Collagen Elastin Reticulin thickness 1-12 um 0.1-0.2 um thinnest Features Wavy, do not branch, run in bundles < wavy, branch, run singly Straight, branch & anastomose-reticulum Special stain Van gieso : red; AgNO3: brown; Masson’s trichome: blue Orcein : Black AgNO3: Black Sites To provide strength; tendon, ligament etc. To provide elasticity; lig nuche , vocal cords, lungs, aorta To provide support; spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidney, BM

18. GROUND SUBS Amorphous, transparent, semi-fluid gel Proteoglycans , hyaluronic acid (GAG), water Proteoglycans: chondroitin SO 4 , chondroitin 6 SO 4 , dermatan SO 4 , heparan SO 4 , heparin SO 4 , keratan SO 4

19. Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar N-acetyl glucosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine Hyaluronic acid Predominant No SO 4 side chain Not linked with protein GAG / MPS

20. N-acetyl glucosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine Other GAGs SO4 side chain l inked with protein Proteoglycans Protein SO 4 Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar Uronic acid Amino sugar

21. Assignment Classification of CT

22. CLASSFICATION OF C. T. Types of cells Types of fibres Amount of ground subs Location

23. AREOLAR TISSUE

24. AREOLAR TISSUE

25. ADIPOSE TISSUE

26. ADIPOSE TISSUE

27. ADIPOSE Ts SUDAN IV

28. TENDON L.S.

29. TENDON L.S.

30. TENDON L. S.

31. TENDON T.S.

32. TENDON T. S.

33. LIG NUCHAE L.S.

34. LIG NUCHAE L.S.

35. LIG NUCHAE T.S.

36. LIG NUCHAE T.S.

37. FETAL C T

38. FETAL C T

39. DENSE IRREGULAR C T & ADIPOSE Ts

40. Assignment Basement membrane

41. ?